Project report

WiPAt: WiFi Positioning System for Attendance
MIT College of Engineering, Pune Page 1
PROJECT REPORT
ON
WiPAt:WIFI POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR
ATTENDANCE
Submitted By
RISHI SHRIDHAR (B120388669)
OMKAR KHALIPE (B120388641)
SAURABH SHANBHAG (B120388684)
KOMAL GANJALE (B120388560)
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
Bachelor of Engineering
of
Savitribai Phule Pune University
IN
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MITCOE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
2016-2017

PROJECT REPORT
ON
WiPAt:WIFI POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR
ATTENDANCE
Submitted By
Guided By
Prof. Dr.A.S.Hiwale
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MITCOE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
PUNE
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY
2016-2017

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Certificate
This is to certify that,
have successfully completed this project report entitled “Wipat:Wifi Positioning
System for Attendance”, under my guidance in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Department of Information Technology
of SavitibaiPhule Pune University, Pune during the academic year 2016-17.
Date –
Place-
Prof. Dr.A.S.Hiwale Prof. Dr. A.S. Hiwale
Guide Head Of Department

Acknowledgement
We take this opportunity to thank our project guide Prof.(Dr.) A. S. Hiwale and
Head of the Department Prof.(Dr.) A. S. Hiwale for their valuable guidance and for
providing all the necessary facilities, which were indispensable in the completion of
this project report. We are also thankful to all the staff members of the Department of
Information Technology of MIT College of Engineering, Savitibai Phule Pune
University for their valuable time, support, comments, suggestions and persuasion.
We would also like to thank the institute for providing the required facilities, Internet
access and important books. And finally, we would like to thank Mr. Indra Singh,
our project guide from the company Persistent Systems Ltd. for his help as a mentor
as a part of the project sponsorship our group has received.
Rishi Shridhar
Omkar Khalipe
Saurabh Shanbhag
Komal Ganjale

ABSTRACT
An accurate and transparent attendance marking system is of utmost importance in
educational institutions as well as businesses. In today’s fast-moving world, the main
drawback in traditional attendance systems is its tediousness, and manual effort that
the teacher has to put in. The primary motivation for this project is the need for
automation that would reduce the time and efforts required for this monotonous job.
An automated environment is attractive, reliable, advantageous, and desired by every
person nowadays. This project will enable us to automate the process of marking
attendance of students in a college, using Wi-Fi Positioning System, which works by
using routers and mobile devices, both of which are pretty commonly used today,
hence making the project cost-effective.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHP.NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.
1. Introduction 1.
a. Need 2
b. Basic Concepts 2
c. Application 2
2. Literature Survey 3
a. Related Work Done 4
b. Existing System 7
3. Project Statement 8
a. Problem Statement 9
b. Goals and Objectives 9
c. Technologies Used 9
4. System Requirement and Specification 13
a. Software Requirements 14
b. Hardware Requirements 14
5. System Design 15
a. Concept 16
b. Flowchart 19
c. Data Flow Diagrams 20
d. UML Diagrams 22
6. Working Code And Application 27
a. Locate.java 28
b. ScanBackground,java 38
7. Planning And Sheduling 46
8. References 49

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. No. Description Page No.
1 Position estimator algorithm 9
2 Trilateration 11
3 System Architecture 12
4 Signals Emanating from Routers 16
5 8 Points and Calibrate Reading 16
6 Euclidean Distance from unknown point 17
7 Euclidean Distance from x and y 17
8 Nearest K Points are Chosen 18
9 Weighted Avg of Nearest 2 points 18
10 Flowchart 19
11 DFD – 0 20
12 DFD – 1 21
13 Use Case Diagram 22
14 Activity Diagram 23
15 Sequence Diagram 24
16 Collaboration Diagram 25
17 Class Diagram 26
18 Gantt Chart of Project 48
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Description Page No.
1 Project Plan Table 48

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 NEED
• Automation of attendance marking system
• Accuracy and transparency in attendance marking system
• Making efficient use of resources that are commonly available in today’s
world like Wi-Fi routers and mobile devices.
1.2 BASIC CONCEPTS
In recent years, many approaches have been used for running attendance systems such
as biometric sensors, face recognitions, etc. This endeavor aims to increase efficiency
and use minimal human intervention. The system will find and compare the signal
strengths from different routers at a given position to determine the relative position
of the device. The concept used for getting accurate signal strength is RSSI (Received
Signal Strength Indicator) and for comparing and determining the position, weighted
K-NN algorithm is implemented. Following this, it can automatically mark the
attendance by checking if the device is inside the classroom during the specified
period.
1.3 APPLICATION
• Attendance system in educational institutions
• Attendance system in offices

Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

a. RELATED WORK DONE
1. Peerapong Torteeka, Xiu Chundi:
“Hybrid technique for indoor positioning system based on Wi-Fi received signal
strength indication”- 2014, DOI-10.1109/IPIN.2014.7275467:
This IEEE paper is about an indoor positioning system based on Receive Signal
Strength Indication (RSSI) from wireless access equipment. While outdoor
environment using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and cellular network
work well and are widespread used for navigation. However, there is a problem with
signal propagation from satellites or cell site. They cannot be used effectively inside
complex building areas or even in an urban environment. In this paper, the hybrid
algorithm is proposed which is the combination of trilateration and location
fingerprint (dataset mining) systems, which is able to improve the accuracy, stability
and robustness. The performance of this algorithm is evaluated by the experimental
results, which shows that the proposed scheme can achieve a certain level of
positioning system accuracy.
Pros: The drawbacks of Satellite based positioning systems are effectively
removed using this approach. Also, the hybrid approach reduces fluctuations
caused by either of the two approaches.
2. An Analysis of Wi-Fi Based Indoor Positioning Accuracy
Gints Jekabsons, Vadim Kairish, Vadim Zuravlyov,( Riga Technical University)
The aim of this study is to examine several aspects of location fingerprinting based
indoor positioning that affect positioning accuracy. Overall, the positioning accuracy
achieved in the performed experiments is 2.0 to 2.5 meters. The increasing demand
for location based services inside buildings has made indoor positioning a significant
research topic. Although the Global Positioning System is the most popular outdoor
positioning system, its signals are easily blocked by most construction materials
making it useless for indoor positioning. This study deals with indoor positioning
using the Wireless Ethernet IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) standard that has distinct advantage
of low cost over other indoor wireless technologies – it has relatively cheap
equipment and in many areas usually a Wi-Fi network already exists as a part of the
communication infrastructure avoiding expensive and time consuming infrastructure
deployment. Although Wi-Fi has not been designed for positioning, its radio signals
can be used for location estimation by exploiting the Received Signal Strength (RSS)

values measured in any off-the-shelf mobile device equipped with Wi-Fi facilities –
and no additional special-purpose hardware is required. Such a positioning system can
be relatively easily implemented for notebook computers, personal digital assistants
(PDAs), smartphones, and other Wi-Fi enabled mobile devices.
Pros: The use of Wireless networks makes it very user friendly as it is cheap and
present everywhere nowadays.
Cons: The small scale usage opens new problems such as power fluctuations,
propagation obstacles, etc.
3. Optimization Wifi Indoor Positioning KNN Algorithm Location-based
Fingerprint Xingbin Ge, Zhiyi Qu, School of Tnformation Science & Engineering,
Lanzhou University
Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS), 2016 7th IEEE International
Conference on 26-28 Aug. 2016
DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2016.7883033
Location-based services have been deep into all aspects of life and it provides a
convenient and efficient service experience for people. Currently, technology is
relatively mature and widely used in the outdoor positioning. By contrast, for indoor
positioning, although there are a lot of hot technologies, but they are mostly
insufficient lead to it is hard to popularize. So how to improve the popularity of
indoor positioning in the case of improves the positioning accuracy has become a hot
research topic. This paper analyzes and studies several typical fingerprint localization
algorithms, including NN, KNN and WKNN, and then proposes an algorithmic
improvement program.
Pros: The KNN approach helps the system to achieve accuracy by analyzing
multiple values and then determining the best possible position. Hence, degree of
accuracy is raised.
Cons: By this method, we can compare and decide, but the exact position cannot
be mapped and hence, needs more optimization.

4. Soumaya Zirari, Philippe Canalda , François Spies , “WiFi GPS based combined
positioning algorithm”, 2010, DOI: 10.1109/WCINS.2010.5544653:
This IEEE paper proposes a GPS-WiFi combined positioning algorithm, based on
trilateration technique. Real experiments and other simulation are conduced and
demonstrate accuracy gains, even where various criteria dilution of precision (GPS
dop's criteria, or WiFi geometrical and signal attenuation's dop proposal, or hybrid
dop ones) indicate all the disruption of positioning service. A testbed scenario issued
from a real urban campus environment validates not only the GPS-WiFi combined
positioning algorithm but also an implementation of pertinent positioning techniques
and dop's criteria. This work constitutes a further step to better position everywhere
and to ensure continuity of a positioning service.
Pros: The technique of trilateration is a very conceptually ideal method for
finding precise location of a device. This is precisely the technique used by GPS
using Satellites for triangulation.
Cons: Through intensive experiments, we found that this technique is not
practically feasible. The fluctuations in RSSI and dependencies on device
antenna strength, router capacity, power supply, obstacles, exponential distance
function, etc. make it impossible to give a single accurate position.
5. Beom-Ju Shin, Kwang-Won Lee, Sun-Ho Choi, Joo-Yeon Kim, Woo Jin Lee,
Hyung Seok Kim: “Indoor WiFi positioning system for Android-based
smartphone”, 2010, DOI: 10.1109/ICTC.2010.5674691:
WiFi positioning system has been studied in many fields since the past. Recently, a lot
of mobile companies are competing for smartphones. Accordingly, this IEEE paper
proposes an indoor WiFi positioning system using Android-based smartphones. This
emphasizes on how a device (Android in this case) interacts with routers, even when it
isn’t connected to the router or the internet. The MAC id of the device is used for
unique identification and positioning.
Pros: Scalability increases and effective use of concept is possible.

b. EXISTING SYSTEMS:
Over recent years, the potential of Location-based Services has been hotly debated, with
several methods being put forward to provide location information. GPS has emerged as the
leading method of providing position information but it has limited use indoors. There has
been a lot of research into methods which are capable of providing indoor location
information, however most of these require specialized equipment or have lengthy set-up
procedures. We are therefore developing a system which has neither of these drawbacks. We
are utilizing the standard Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements available on Wi-Fi
equipment because Wi-Fi networks are becoming increasingly available, meaning that extra
specialized equipment is not required. The currently present models for indoor positioning
systems use the technique of trilateration with 3 routers. But the drawbacks of this approach
include signal fluctuations and obstacles in signal propagation. We have devised a method to
take care of all these problems.

Chapter 3
PROJECT STATEMENT

a. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
To create a system that can automate the process of marking attendance by using the
concept of Wi-Fi Positioning System.
Goals And Objectives:
➢ Automate the procedure of marking attendance.
➢ Increase the accuracy and efficiency of marking attendance
➢ Reducing the chances of fraudulent activity i.e. increase reliability.
b. TECHNOLOGIES USED:
To build this project, the following technologies have been used:
1. Location Fingerprinting
• Received Signal Strength (RSS) values from multiple routers act as a fingerprint for
a location. Different locations are most likely to have unique fingerprints
• Fingerprint of ith location is denoted by ri
ri = {ri1, ri2, ri3,......,rim }
rij = RSS value of jth router from ith location
• Several locations are chosen and RSS values from them are recorded and form a
radio map.
• The recording at the ith location is of the form : (qi,ri)
qi - the geometric coordinates (xi,yi)
ri - the location fingerprint
• A position estimator algorithm is used to find the coordinates of unknown location.
Fig:1 Basic concept (calibrate + locate)

2. Weighted k Nearest Neighbour Algorithm :
• The position estimator algorithm used is the Weighted k Nearest Neighbour (WkNN).
• Finds the k nearest chosen locations from unknown location based on Euclidean Distance.
• Calculates coordinates of unknown location as the weighted average of the nearest k
points. Weight is the inverse of the Euclidean distance.
• k can be considered as a tuning parameter in the algorithm.
• When k=1, algorithm acts as a simple look up table
3. Received signal strength indicator (RSSI):
Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is a measurement of the power present in a
received radio signal. [5]. RSSI is usually invisible to a user of a receiving device.
However, because signal strength can vary greatly and affect functionality in wireless
networking, IEEE 802.11 devices often make the measurement available to users. The
RSSI is used to calculate the distance of the mobile device from the router.
Unit of Signal Strength - DBm:
dBm (sometimes dBmW or decibel-milliwatts) is an abbreviation for the power ratio
in decibels (dB) of the measured power referenced to one milliwatt (mW). It is used in
radio, microwave and fiber optic networks as a convenient measure of absolute power
because of its capability to express both very large and very small values in a short
form. dBm is used to measure the beacon strength of the router signal.

4. Trilateration (Alternative Method):
Trilateration is the process of determining absolute or relative locations of points by
measurement of distances, using the geometry of circles, spheres or triangles. [4] This
method has been used to locate the position of the mobile device. We initially tried to
make a working model of trilateration using 3 routers. But owing to the huge number
of uncertainties and fluctuations, we decided to change the approach and look for a
more accurate approach in KNN technique.
Fig 2. Trilateration

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Fig.3. System Architecture

Chapter 4
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS

4. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS
4.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
A: Developer
Operating System : Windows 7/ 8/ 10
Programming Language : JAVA (Android)
Java Version : JDK 1.6 & above.
IDE : Android Studio
Database : MySQL 5.5.
Web Server : Apache
B: User
Operating System : Android
4.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
A: Developer
Wireless Routers : Quantity: 3 or more, Signal Strength: 150m
B: User
Mobile phone : Android Smartphone

Chapter 5
SYSTEM DESIGN

5. System Design:
a. CONCEPT:
Fig:4
Fig:5

Fig:6
Fig:7

Fig:8
Fig:9

b.FLOWCHART
True
Is student’s
device inside
classroom?
Start Session
Locate Student Device
Do not mark
attendance
Mark Attendance
Update Attendance into DB
Stop
Start
Calibrate: Inside Classroom
Calibrate: Outside Classroom
False

c. DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS:
• DFD 0:
Fig 11: DFD - 0

• DFD 1:
Fig 12: DFD - 1

d.UML DIAGRAMS
• Use Case diagram
Fig 13. Use case diagram

• Activity diagram
Fig 14: Activity diagram

• Sequence (Interaction) diagram
Fig 15: Sequence diagram

• Collaboration diagram
Fig 16: Collaboration Diagram

Class diagram
Fig 17: Class diagram

Chapter 6
WORKING CODE AND APPLICATION

a. Locate.java –
package com.example.wipat;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.android.volley.Request;
import com.android.volley.Response;
import com.android.volley.VolleyError;
import com.android.volley.toolbox.StringRequest;
/*
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;*/
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
public class Locate extends Activity {
String res;
int posflag=0;
ArrayList<String> buildings;
DatabaseHelper db;
ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter;
ArrayList<PositionData> positionsData;
String b;
TextView result1;
Button locate;
TextView result2;
JSONArray jsonObject;
int flag;
String classid,lno,sub,topic,rollno;
StringBuilder current_mac;
String mac = "0";
public void btn(View view) {
Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), Scan.class);
intent.putExtra("isLearning", false);
startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
}
public void onCreate(Bundle saveInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(saveInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.locate);
db = new DatabaseHelper();
try{
List<NetworkInterface> all =
Collections.list(NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces());
for (NetworkInterface networkInterface : all) {
if (!networkInterface.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("wlan0"))
continue;
byte[] macBytes = networkInterface.getHardwareAddress();
if (macBytes == null) {
current_mac.append("00:00:00:00:00:00");
}
current_mac = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : macBytes) {
current_mac.append(String.format("%02X", b));
}
if (current_mac.length() > 0) {
current_mac.deleteCharAt(current_mac.length() - 1);
}
}
/**************finish finding current mac*************/
} catch (Exception e) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Exception:
"+e,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
result1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);
result2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result2);
arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, buildings);
arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, buildings);
// Set The Adapter
/*********start volley***************/
String ur="http://192.168.0.101/wipat/api.php";
StringRequest post = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, ur,
new Response.Listener<String>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(String response) {
try {
JSONArray jsonObject = new JSONArray(response);
mac =
jsonObject.getJSONObject(0).getString("mac");
} catch (JSONException e) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
response, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
/* Intent i = new
Intent(Locate.this,StudentRegister.class);
startActivity(i);*/
//e.printStackTrace();
}

if(mac.equals(current_mac.toString()))
flag=1;
else
flag=0;
//Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Successfully
registered",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Button btnPos=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnPos);
if(flag==0)
btnPos.setEnabled(false);
else
btnPos.setEnabled(true);
}
},
new Response.ErrorListener() {
@Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
// error
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "req 13.
"+error.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.d("Error.Response", error.toString());
}
}
) {
@Override
protected Map<String, String> getParams() {
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
params.put("req","req13");
params.put("current_mac",current_mac.toString());
return params;
}
};
MySingleton.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).addToRequestQueue(post);
/************end volley***************/
/*********start volley***************/
String u="http://192.168.0.101/wipat/api.php";
StringRequest pos = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, u,
@Override
try {
JSONArray jsonObject = new JSONArray(response);
classid =
jsonObject.getJSONObject(0).getString("classid");
rollno=
jsonObject.getJSONObject(0).getString("rollno");
e.printStackTrace();
} Log.d("response",response);

}
},
@Override
// error
error.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
) {
@Override
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
params.put("req","req14");
params.put("current_mac",current_mac.toString());
return params;
}
};
MySingleton.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).addToRequestQueue(pos);
/************end volley***************/
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(final int requestCode, final int
resultCode,
final Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
final PositionData positionData = (PositionData) intent
.getSerializableExtra("PositionData");
DatabaseHelper db = new DatabaseHelper();
db.deleteReading(positionData.getName(),
getApplicationContext());
if (flag == 1) {
/*********start volley***************/
String u = "http://192.168.0.101/wipat/api.php";
StringRequest pos = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST,
u,
@Override
try {
JSONArray jsonObject = new

JSONArray(response);
lno =
jsonObject.getJSONObject(0).getString("lno");
sub =
jsonObject.getJSONObject(0).getString("sub");
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),response,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Intent i = new
Intent(Locate.this,StartingScreen.class);
startActivity(i);
}
}
},
@Override
// error
}
}
) {
@Override
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String,
String>();
params.put("req", "req12");
params.put("classid", classid);
return params;
}
};
MySingleton.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).addToRequestQueue(pos);
/************end volley***************/
String closestPosition = null;
final ArrayList<Router> result = new ArrayList<Router>();
int a = 5;
String url = "http://192.168.0.101/wipat/api.php";
StringRequest postRequest = new
StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, url,
@Override
try {
int db1[] = new int[10];
int db2[] = new int[10];
HashMap<String, PositionData> positions
= new HashMap<String, PositionData>();
jsonObject = new JSONArray(response);
for (int i = 0; i < jsonObject.length();
i++) {

result.add(new
Router(jsonObject.getJSONObject(i).getString("ssid"),
jsonObject.getJSONObject(i).getString("mac_id")));
}
int x = 0;
String routt[] = new String[40];
int mnn[] = new int[3];
mnn[0] = 100;
mnn[1] = 100;
mnn[2] = 100;
for (int i = 0; i < jsonObject.length();
i++) {
int myval =
Integer.parseInt(jsonObject.getJSONObject(i).getString("rssi"));
String mymac =
jsonObject.getJSONObject(i).getString("mac_id");
int min = 100;
for (final Map.Entry<String,
Integer> e : positionData.getValues().entrySet()) {
final String s1 = e.getKey();//
current mac
final int s2 = e.getValue();
//current rssi
if (mymac.equals(s1)) {
int sub = Math.abs(s2 -
myval);
if (sub <= mnn[i / 2]) {
mnn[i / 2] = sub;
routt[i / 2] =
jsonObject.getJSONObject(i).getString("position_id");
}
}
//
db1[i]=Integer.parseInt(jsonObject.getJSONObject(i).getString("rssi"));
}
x++;
}
int f = 0, s = 0;
//int k=0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
if
(jsonObject.getJSONObject(0).getString("position_id").length() == 0)
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "One or more friendly wifis is out
of range. Please check.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else if
(routt[i].equals(jsonObject.getJSONObject(0).getString("position_id"))) {
f++;
}
Log.d("jsonob2nd",""+jsonObject.getJSONObject(1).getString("position_id"));
if
(jsonObject.getJSONObject(1).getString("position_id").length() == 0)

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "One or more friendly wifis is out
of range. Please check.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else if
(routt[i].equals(jsonObject.getJSONObject(1).getString("position_id"))) {
s++;
}
}
if (f > s) {
res =
jsonObject.getJSONObject(0).getString("position_id");
posflag=1;
}
else {
res =
jsonObject.getJSONObject(1).getString("position_id");
posflag=0;
}
/*************nested volley
request******************************/
if (posflag==1) {
/*********start
volley***************/
String uuu =
"http://192.168.0.101/wipat/api.php";
StringRequest posss = new
StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, uuu,
new
Response.Listener<String>() {
@Override
public void
onResponse(String response) {
//Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),response,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
},
new Response.ErrorListener()
{
@Override
public void
onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
// error
//
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "req 8 Your mobile device isn't
registered. Please register via student registration. " +error.toString(),
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
) {
@Override
protected Map<String, String>
getParams() {
Map<String, String> params =
new HashMap<String, String>();

params.put("lecture_no",
lno);
;
params.put("Class_id",
classid);
params.put("subj_id", sub);
return params;
}
};
MySingleton.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).addToRequestQueue(posss);
/************end
volley***************/
/*********start
volley***************/
String uu =
"http://192.168.0.101/wipat/api.php";
StringRequest poss = new
StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, uu,
new
Response.Listener<String>() {
@Override
public void
onResponse(String response) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), response, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
},
new Response.ErrorListener()
{
@Override
public void
onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
// error
//
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "req 7 Your mobile device isn't
registered. Please register via student registration. "+error.toString(),
}
}
) {
@Override
protected Map<String, String>
getParams() {
Map<String, String> params =
new HashMap<String, String>();
params.put("student_id",
rollno);
params.put("lecture_no",
lno);
params.put("topic", topic);

params.put("attendance",
"1");
params.put("Class_id",
classid);
params.put("subj_id", sub);
return params;
}
};
MySingleton.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).addToRequestQueue(poss);
/************end
volley***************/
}
else
Toast.makeText(Locate.this,"You are
outside the class or too far away from the centre. Attendance not
marked.",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
/***************end nested volley
request******************/
Log.d("Final result is: ", res);
result1.setText("Your position is : " +
res);
System.out.println("Reading done");
positionsData = new
ArrayList<PositionData>();
for (Map.Entry<String, PositionData> e :
positions.entrySet())
positionsData.add(e.getValue());
"One or more friendly wifis is out of range. Please check.",
}
}
},
@Override
// error
// Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
"Enter correct IP address of server via admin login!!!",
}

}
) {
@Override
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String,
String>();
params.put("req", "req6"); //make r1 global
// params.put("p", position_id);
return params;
}
};
MySingleton.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).addToRequestQueue(postReque
st);
}
else
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Error.",
}
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, intent);
}
}

b. ScanBackground.java
package com.example.wipat;
import android.content.Context;
import android.net.wifi.ScanResult;
import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import android.util.Log;
public class ScanBackground extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, PositionData> {
PositionData pos;
private int readingCount = 30;
private int currentCount;
String currentPositionName;
WifiManager wifi;
Timer timer;
TimerTask myTimerTask;
private Context context;
public ScanBackground(Context context){
this.context=context;
}
protected void onPreExecute(String status) {
Log.i("aaki", "reached pre");
Toast.makeText(context, "Scanning started!",
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(PositionData posi) {
Toast.makeText(context, "Done scanning !",
this.pos=posi;
}
public class ResultData {
private Router router;
public Router getRouter() {
return this.router;
}
public List<Integer> values;
public ResultData(Router router) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.router = router;
values = new ArrayList<Integer>();
}
}
private List<ResultData> resultsData;

private List<PositionData> positionsData;
private PositionData positionData;
@Override
protected PositionData doInBackground(Void... params) {
wifi = (WifiManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
currentPositionName =null;
resultsData = new ArrayList<ResultData>();
currentCount = 0;
timer = new Timer();
myTimerTask = new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
refresh();
}
};
timer.schedule(myTimerTask, 0, 1000);
return null;
}
private void refresh() {
if (currentCount >= readingCount) {
if (myTimerTask != null) {
myTimerTask.cancel();
returnResults();
}
}
currentCount++;
wifi.startScan();
List<ScanResult> results = wifi.getScanResults();
for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
// System.out.println("test2");
String ssid0 = results.get(i).SSID;
String bssid = results.get(i).BSSID;
int rssi0 = results.get(i).level;
boolean found = false;
for (int pos = 0; pos < resultsData.size(); pos++) {
if
(resultsData.get(pos).getRouter().getBSSID().equals(bssid)) {
found = true;
resultsData.get(pos).values.add(rssi0);
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
ResultData data = new ResultData(new Router(ssid0, bssid));
data.values.add(rssi0);
resultsData.add(data);
}
}
}
private void returnResults() {
positionData = new PositionData(currentPositionName);
for (int length = 0; length < resultsData.size(); length++) {
int sum = 0;
for (int l = 0; l < resultsData.get(length).values.size(); l++)

{
sum += resultsData.get(length).values.get(l);
}
int average = sum / resultsData.get(length).values.size();
positionData.addValue(resultsData.get(length).getRouter(),
average);
}
Set<String> keys=positionData.values.keySet();
for(String i: keys)
Log.i("a", Integer.toString(positionData.values.get(i)));
}
}

• Application
1 2
3 4

5 6
7 8

9 10
11 12

13 14
15

Attendance Report

• Test Cases
1. ADMIN LOGIN
S.No Test Case Excepted Result Test
Result
1 Login : Enter valid admin
username and password & click
on login button
Software should display
next window
Successful
2 Invalid login credentials Software should show toast
message saying invalid
details.
Successful
2. ADMIN CALIBRATION
SL.No Test Case Excepted Result Test
Result
1 On clicking Choose
Friendly Wi-Fi’s
Button
A window with checkbox options of all
routers in range should appear and user
can select routers from that list
Successful
2.
On the Click of Save
Button
Selected Wi-Fi’s will be saved to the
database and would appear on the
screen.
Successful
3.
On the Click of
Update Button
Change the selected Wi-Fi’s with a new
choice of routers.
Successful
4. On the Click of
Calibrate Button
Displays a textbox where we can name
the position that we are calibrating
which will be used for further reference.
Admin will do this twice: Inside and
outside class.
Successful
5.
On the Click of Start
Button
A timer for 30 seconds starts which
calculates RSSI values over those 30
seconds for that position id.
Successful

3. TEACHER LOGIN
Result
1 Login : Enter valid teacher
username and password & click on
login button
Software should display
next window
Successful
2 Invalid login credentials Software should show toast
message saying invalid
details.
Successful
4. TEACHER SESSION DETAILS
Result
1 On clicking
Start Session
button
The lecture number, subject and topic that the
teacher entered will be stored in the database.
Only after this, students can mark their
attendance.
Successful
2.
On clicking
Stop Session
button
This deletes the details of the class from the
temporary database. Students cannot mark
attendance after session is stopped.
Successful
5. STUDENT
SL.No Test Case Excepted Result Test Result
1 On clicking Student
Registration button
The next window should appear
where student needs to enter
details. This is a one-time
procedure and multiple
registrations are not allowed from
one device.
Successful
2.
On clicking Locate
Button
Once Locate function is started, a
30 second timer appears. The
device position is calculated. After
locating, the positions are
compared with calibrated positions
and the nearest position id is
determined.
Successful

6. ATTENDANCE DATABASE
SL.No Test
Case
Excepted Result Test
Result
1 After
Locate
Button
The nearest position id is compared with new
device location. If the resulting location is Inside
the classroom, add the attendance in the database
system. If it is outside, do not update the
attendance.
Successful

Chapter 7
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING

PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
a. Project plan
Sr No Task Description Duration
(Days)
1 Problem Analysis Analyzing a real-world
problem
15
2 Problem Statement
Definition
Defining the problem
statement intended to be
solved.
5
3 Research Gaining deeper knowledge
about the problem statement
and looking for feasible
solutions.
20
4 Literature survey Analysis of technical
publications related to the
project.
10
5 Sponsorship meetings Regular meetings with the
sponsors and discussing the
feasibility and requirements of
the project.
5
6 Feasibility Study Finalizing the scope and
possibilities to be implemented.
10
7 Existing system analysis Studying methodologies and
draw-backs of existing
systems like ERP
15
8 Proposed system Proposal of an efficient and
improved system
10
9 Design Creation of algorithms and
various design models like
DFD, UML etc.
30

10 Development Implementation of algorithms 45
11 Testing Testing all aspects of the
project
80
12 Debugging Debugging the errors found 20
13 Documentation Documenting the project 140
Table 1. Project plan table
6.1.1 PERT chart/ Gantt chart
Fig 18: Gantt chart of project

`
Chapter 8
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

a. Future Scope:
Wi-Fi Positioning System is a technology with tremendous scope for the future. The
concepts, approach, tools and algorithms used by us enable efficient positioning with
minimum error. The attendance system can be put to use in various educational
institutions and offices with some more optimization. Basic optimizations include
techniques like face recognition/fingerprint to increase security. There are many other
areas where the Wi-Fi Positioning Systems can be used effectively. Some of them
are:-
1. Device/Person/Vehicle Tracking
2. Improved GPS accuracy with 3D Positioning
3. Crowd Handling
4. Augmented Reality
5. Security and Theft Detection
Since Wi-Fi based systems remove the drawbacks of satellite based systems, this
concept can prove to be a revolutionary one in the world of positioning systems in the
future. Also, in future, a separate sensor/device dedicated to this process of Wi-Fi
based positioning can be made and all students can carry this device.
b. Conclusion:
Thus, we have achieved a high degree of accuracy in Wi-Fi Positioning and used it in
our application, WiPAt. It is a very human friendly attendance system with highly
efficient technology and algorithms. Using this, human efforts can be reduced to
dramatic proportions and the time and resources that were wasted for this monotonous
process can be used for better causes. This system, after a few feasibility tests, can be
officially used in colleges and offices where traditional unautomated systems are still
in practice.

Chapter 8
REFERENCES

8. REFERENCES
[1] Peerapong Torteeka, Xiu Chundi: “Hybrid technique for indoor positioning
system based on Wi-Fi received signal strength indication”- 2014, DOI-
10.1109/IPIN.2014.7275467
[2] Beom-Ju Shin, Kwang-Won Lee, Sun-Ho Choi, Joo-Yeon Kim, Woo Jin Lee,
Hyung Seok Kim: “Indoor WiFi positioning system for Android-based smartphone”,
2010, DOI: 10.1109/ICTC.2010.5674691
[3] Rui Zhang, A. Bannoura, F. Hoinger, L.M. Reindl, and C. Schindel-hauer.
“Indoor localization using a smart phone”- In Sensors Applications Symposium
(SAS), 2013 IEEE, pages 38-42, Feb 2013.
[4] An Analysis of Wi-Fi Based Indoor Positioning Accuracy
Gints Jekabsons1, Vadim Kairish2, Vadim Zuravlyov3, 1-3Riga Technical University
[5] Xingbin Ge; Zhiyi Qu : “Optimization WIFI indoor positioning KNN algorithm
location-based fingerprint”- in Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS),
2016 7th IEEE International Conference on 26-28 Aug. 2016
DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2016.7883033
[6] Jun Ma ; Xuansong Li ; Xianping Tao ; Jian Lu : Cluster filtered KNN: A
WLAN-based indoor positioning scheme.
IEEE International Conference on 23-26 June 2008
DOI: 10.1109/WOWMOM.2008.4594840
[7]http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3411&context=honors
_theses

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