Proof marks are stamps applied to weapons during and after manufacture to indicate that the weapon is safe to use with its intended ammunition. Proof marks can also help determine a weapon's country of origin when no other markings exist. Several countries, including England, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, and others have established proof houses through royal charters or otherwise to protect the public from unsafe weapons. There are three main types of proof: provisional proof for shotgun barrels, definitive proof to test all weapons with overcharges, and reproof for weapons after repairs or alterations.