![AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL
Mac Bhuta
Flammability Statement
Flash Point Required Text
(A) Pressurized Containers
Flash point at or below
20ºF or if there is a
flashback at any valve
opening
Extremely flammable.
Contents under pressure.
Keep away from fire,
sparks, and heated
surfaces. Do not puncture
or incinerate container.
Exposure to temperature
above 130ºF may cause
bursting [40 CFR 156.78]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/propellant-220818142630-47695983/85/propellant-ppt-100-320.jpg)
![AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL
Mac Bhuta
Flammability Statement
Flash Point Required Text
(A) Pressurized Containers
Flash point above 20ºF and
not over 80ºF or if the
flame extension is more
than 18 inches long at a
distance of 6 inches from
the flame
Flammable. Contents under
pressure. Keep away from
heat, sparks, and open
flame. Do not puncture or
incinerate container.
Exposure to temperature
above 130ºF may cause
bursting
[40 CFR 156.78]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/propellant-220818142630-47695983/85/propellant-ppt-101-320.jpg)
![AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL
Mac Bhuta
Flammability Statement
Flash Point Required Text
(A) Pressurized Containers
All other pressurized
container
Contents under pressure.
Do not use or store near
hat or open flame. Do not
puncture or incinerate
container. Exposure to
temperature above 130ºF
may cause bursting
[40 CFR 156.78]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/propellant-220818142630-47695983/85/propellant-ppt-102-320.jpg)
![AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL
Mac Bhuta
Flammability Statement
Flash Point Required Text
(B) Non Pressurized Containers
At or below 20ºF
Above 20ºF and not over 80ºF
Above 80ºF and not over 150ºF
Extremely flammable. Keep
away form fire, sparks, and
heated surfaces.
Flammable. Keep away from heat
and open flame
Combustible. Do not use or
store near heat or open flame.
[40 CFR 156.78]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/propellant-220818142630-47695983/85/propellant-ppt-103-320.jpg)
propellant.ppt
- 2. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Numbering Sys. Propellants are identified by a number Four rules for numbering
- 3. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Numbering System: The Various Propellants are Usually Distinguished by a Number Rule 1: The First Digit on the Right Signifies the Number of Fluorine (Fl) Atoms in the Compound. Rule 2: The Second Digit From the Right is Numerically One More Than Number of Hydrogen (H) Atoms in the Compound. Rule 3: The Third Digit From the Right is Numerically One Less Than the Number of Carbon (C) Atoms in the Compound. When the Digit Is Zero, It is Omitted From the Number.
- 4. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Numbering System: Rule 4: The number of chlorine (Cl) atoms in the compound is found by subtracting the sum of the fluorine and hydrogen atoms form of the atoms that can be connected to carbon. When only one carbon atom is involved, the total number of attached atoms is four. When two carbon atoms are present, the total number of attached atom is six.
- 5. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Types: Hydrocarbons and their blends Dymel® Compressed gas
- 6. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Hydrocarbons: Propane A – 108 ( No. 290) Isobutane A- 31( No. 601) n-Butane A- 17 ( No.600) Number after “A” indicates the Vapor Pressure of The Propellant in PSIG @ 70º F. “A” Indicates AEROSOL GRADE.
- 7. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Hydrocarbon Blends: A- 46 Propane / Isobutane 15.1 / 84.9 % (% by weight) Propane / n – Butane 26.0 / 74 % (% by weight) Propane / Isobutane / n - Butane 27.3 / 28.9 / 43.8 % (% by weight)
- 8. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Hydrocarbon Blends: Dymel® Dymethyl Ether (CH3)2O Dymel® - A Difluoroethane CH3CHF2 Dymel® - 152a 1,1,1,2 – Tetrafluoro CF3-CH2F Dymel® - 134a
- 9. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Solubility: Dymel® A Dymel® 152a Formula CH3OCH3 CH3CHF2 Boiling Point - 25º C - 25º C Vapor Pressure: 70º F 63 psig 62.5 psig 130º F 171.7 psig 176.3 psig Density(70º F) 0.66 g/cc 0.91 g/cc Flammable Limits in Air (vol. %) 3.3-18.0% 3.9-16.9% Solubility in Water (Wt. %) 35% 1.7%
- 10. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Dymel® Dymel® 152a Not a VOC Zero or low water systems Alone or with Hydrocarbons
- 11. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Dymel® A VOC Strong Affinity for water Allows increased use of water to reduce VOC contents
- 12. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Dymel® Dymel® A / Water Combination Used in high water system Can be used with Hydrocarbon propellants
- 13. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Mac Bhuta Propellants – Solubility Propellant Prop. In Water Water in Prop. KB Value Dymel® A 35% 6% 60 Dymel® 152a 0.28% 0.17% 20 Propane 0.0079% 0.168% 15 n-Butane 0.008% 0.0075% 20 iso-Butane 0.008% 0.0088% 18 iso-Pentane 0.0084% 0.0063% 21
- 14. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Mac Bhuta Propellants – Solubility Improving Solubility in Aqueous Systems: Dymel® A enhances solubility Forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules
- 15. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Dymel® Dymel® or Klea® 134a (CH2FCF3) No VOC, Non Flammable Properties close to Freon® 12 But Global Warming Potential is 1300 CO2 = 1 -Almost ten times more than Dymel® 152a
- 16. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY AZE0TROPE An Azeotropic is A Mixture is Defined as One Compound Of Two Or More Solvents Which Has A Maximum Vapor Pressure For That System (And A Minimum Boiling Temperature) Which Can Distill With The Composition unchanged. It Is Where The Liquid And Vapor Compositions Are The Same. When Azeotrope Propellant Sprayed Will Not Change in Composition Since The Composition In The Head Space Is The Same As That In The Liquid.
- 17. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY AZE0TROPE F0RMUALTION PROPERTIES PROPELLANT AZEOTROPES Azeotrope Mixture Wt% @ 25º C DME/Propane 18/82 DME/HFC-152a 46/54 DME/HFC-134a 51/49 HFC-152a/Propane 46/54 HFC-152a/Isobutane 75/25 HFC-152a/n-Butane 85/15 HFC-134a/Propane 64/36 HFC-134a/Isobutane 80/20 HFC-134a/n-Butane 88/12
- 18. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY TOXICOLOGY OF DYMEL® PROPELLANTS A. LOW ODOR OF INHALATION TOXICITY IN EXTENSIVE ANIMAL TESTING. B. NOT STRONG CARDIAC SENSITIZERS. C. ALL STUDIES TO DATE SUPPORT AN 8 HOUR TWA OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT OF 1000ppm (HIGHEST ALLOWED FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS) D. NO HAZARD TO MAN RELATIVE TO SYSTEMATIC TOXICITY, CARCINOGENICITY, MUTAGENICITY, OR TETRATOGENICITY WHEN USED WITHIN OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT.
- 19. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY DYMEL® 134a NON FLAMMABLE BLENDS Flammable MAXIMUM COMPONENT CONCENTRATION WEIGHT% HFC-152a 12.0 DME 3.5 ISOBUTANE 3.0
- 20. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES OF DYMEL® PROPELLNATS DME HFC-152a HFC-134a OZONE DEPLETION 0 0 0 POTENTIAL (ODP) VOLATILE ORGANIC YES NO NO COMPOUND (VOC –USA) ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME <0.1 1.5 14 YEARS GLOBAL WARMING NIGLIGIBLE 140 1300 POTENTIAL (100 YR. INTEGRATED TIME HORIZON )
- 21. ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES OF COMMON PROPELLNATS Compound At. LT(Years) ODP GWP(100 yr) VOC CFC-11 50 1.00 4000 N CFC-12 102 1.00 8500 N HCFC-22 13.3 0.05 1700 N HCFC-141b 9.4 0.10 630 N HCFC-142b 19.5 0.06 2000 N HFC-152a 1.5 0.00 140 N HFC-134a 14 0.00 1300 N DME 6-7days 0.00 3 to 11 y PROPANE 15 days 0.00 3 to 11 Y Butane 6-7 days 0.00 3 to 11 y Isobutane 6-7days 0.00 3 to 11 y
- 22. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Global Warming: Global temperatures are dangerously close to the highest ever estimated to have occurred in the past million years. Earth has been warming rapidly, nearly 0.36º F (0.2º C) in the last 30 years. If global temperatures go up to 1.8º F ( 1º C) , It would be equal to the maximum temperature of the past million years This evidence implies that that we are getting close to dangerous levels of human made (anthropogenic) POLLUTION.
- 23. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Human Influences on Global Warming: Humans might be magnifying warming by adding to the greenhouse gases naturally present in the atmosphere. Fuel use is the chief cause of rising carbon dioxide levels. On the other hand, humans create temporary, localized cooling effects through AEROSOLS, such as smoke and sulfates from industry, which reflect sunlight away from earth
- 25. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Lab safety No smoking Personnel must be properly trained Cylinders must be chained Detection sensors
- 26. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Lab safety Exhaust Hood-Explosion-proof Grounding for static electricity All sources of ignition MUST be eliminated Explosion proof heated storage
- 27. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Lab safety Danger zone – 10 ft radius during gassing Avoid spark producing tools Fire extinguisher – Rating 8B
- 28. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 29. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 30. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 31. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 32. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 33. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 34. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 35. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 36. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 37. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 38. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 39. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum Does not have to be Dangerous but can be unforgiving
- 40. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Handling Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
- 41. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants-Flammability: Vapor Heavier than Air-Avoid Confined areas Flammability Tests 1. Flame Elongation 2. Drum 3. Flash Point
- 42. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Mac Bhuta Fisher/Tag Flash Point Tester
- 43. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Close Drum Tester
- 45. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Flame Projection Tester
- 46. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Flammability: Aerosol Level 1: Flammable propellants with a water-based concentrate containing not more than 24% water soluble alcohol by weight.
- 47. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Flammability: Aerosol Level 2: Flammable propellants with an alcohol-based concentrate (25% or more water soluble alcohol/s by weight) – (Water soluble flammable concentrate). Mac Bhuta
- 48. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Flammability: Aerosol Level 3: Flammable propellants with a water-immiscible concentrate. (e.g. cyclomethicone, petroleum distillates etc.).
- 49. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Flammability: 1>: If a product contains more than 50% flammable propellants, the classification is automatically increased by one level. 2>: If a product contains non-flammable propellant(CO2,N2 etc.)is not considered a “flammable gas” and is not subject to this classifications system.
- 50. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Flammability Characteristics: COMPOUND FLAMMABL E LIMITS (VOLUME%) FLASH POINT ◦C MIE (mJ) Hc (kJ/g) PROPANE 2.2 – 9.5 -104 0.25 44.0 ISOBUTAN E 1.8 – 8.4 - 84 0.20 42.8 N-BUTANE 1.8 – 8.5 - 60 43.3 DME 3.4 – 18.0 - 41 0.29 26.5 HFC-152a 3.9 – 16.9 - 50 0.38 6.3
- 51. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Aerosol Storage in Warehouses Level 1 Aerosol Products Considered Equivalent Class III Commodities-NFPA 13. Std. Sprinkler System Level 2 & 3 According To Section 6.3.NFPA 13. Level 2 & 3 Not Permitted In Basement Area Aerosols Must Not Be Stored In The Production Buildings Of A Plant. Aerosols must be isolated from the other buildings 10 meters or greater.
- 52. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Aerosol Waste 1. The Storage of WASTE of Aerosols must be located outside of the building. If possible to isolate from the building by a distance of 20 meters.
- 53. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Compressed Gas Nitrogen, N2 ( No. 729) Carbon Dioxide, CO2 ( No. 744) Nitrous Oxide, N2O ( 744a)
- 54. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Compressed Gas Advantages: Non-flammable Inexpensive Environmentally Acceptable Odorless and Colorless Low in Toxicity Changes in temperature causes only minor changes in pressure
- 55. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Compressed Gas Disadvantages: Spray characteristics change during is change Pressure decreases during use Flow rate decreases Spray becomes increasingly coarser Misuse
- 56. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Formulation General Principle: Vapor Pressure @ 70º F Hair Sprays 50-55 psig Shave foam 40-45 psig Deodorants 40-50 psig Hair Mousses 40-45 psig Paints/Coatings 50-55 psig Household Fresheners 40-45 psig
- 57. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Formulation Vacuum purge prior to Crimping Selection of right Valve and Actuator Effect of Temperature Effect of Vapor Tap Variation in Actuator
- 58. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Formulation The following variables affect spray characteristics: Variation in Propellant and Concentration Ratios Variation in Propellant and its blend Variation in Valve and Actuator, or both
- 59. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Propellants – Formulation The Formulator MUST consider the following Corrosion study – Aerosol can / Valve Cooling effect of Aerosol – Deodorants /Antiperspirants Solubility and Cloud point of the product Freeze/Thaw – Emulsion products Foam quality – Wetness/Density/Stiffness
- 61. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Alternate Propellants Environmental acceptability Low toxicity Non or low-flammability Realistic manufacturing process Acceptable end use properties Acceptable cost to users
- 62. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY 80% VOC Hair Spray Formulation( Wt%) Ingredients Value Brand Performance Brand Salon Brand Resin 5 5 5 Ethanol 50 57.5 75 Hydrocarbon 15 15 5 Dymel® A 15 7.5 Dymel® 152a 7.5 15 Water 15 7.5 Cost of 8oz can R Reference 1.1R 1.21R
- 63. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY 55% VOC Hair Spray Formulation(Wt%) Performance Brand Resin 5 5 Ethanol 35 35 Hydrocarbon Dymel® A 20 20 Dymel® 152a 10 15 Water 30 25 Cost of 8oz can 1.08R 1.15R
- 64. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY 55% VOC Hair Spray Formulation(Wt%) Salon Brand Resin 5 5 5 Ethanol 55 55 55 Hydrocarbon Dymel® A Dymel® 152a 20 25 30 Water 20 15 10 Cost of 8oz can 1.21R 1.28R 1.35R
- 65. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY 55% VOC Hair Spray Formulation(Wt%) Value Brand Resin 5 5 Ethanol 20 20 Hydrocarbon Dymel® A 35 35 Dymel® 152a 5 Water 40 35 Cost of 8oz can 0.95R 1.02R
- 67. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY CALCULATION Aerosol Density Headspace Vapor Pressure of the Blend
- 68. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY CALCULATION :-Aerosol Density Definition: The Mass per Unit volume at a given Temperature d= m / v Where d=Density m=Mass v=Volume
- 69. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY CALCULATION :-Aerosol Density Liquid Density of Some Propellants Propellant Code g/cc Lbs/gal n.Butane A 17 0.578 4.81 Isobutane A 31 0.557 4.63 Propane A 108 0.499 4.15 Dimethyl Ether Dymel A 0.066 5.49 Difluoroethane Dymel 152a 0.910 7.58 Propane/Isobutane(15%/85%) A 46 0.548 4.56 Propane/Isobutane(50%/50%) A 70 0.532 4.42
- 70. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Density PROPELLANT WEIGHT (Gram) FOR 100ml @ 21c 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Isobutane Dymal® A Dymal® 152a Dymal® 134a Series1
- 71. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY CALCULATION :-Aerosol Density Aerosol Density is worked out by following way:-- Formulation: 55% Concentration…………………….55.0 g 45% propellant………………………….45.0 g Specific Gravity of Concentrate…………………..0.80 g/cc Specific Gravity of Propellant………………………...0.91 g/cc Can Size and its Overflow Capacity 45 X 150 mm ……………… 209 cc Now, Concentrate divided by Sp. Gr. of Concentrate 55 g divided by 0.80 g/cc = 68.75 cc Propellant divided by Sp. Gr. Of Propellant 45 g divided by 0.91 g/cc = 49.45 cc Add 68.75 cc & 49.45 cc = 118.20 cc 100 g divided by 118.20 cc = 0.8460 g/cc this is Aerosol Density
- 72. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY The DOT Regulations Specify That An Aerosol Package Must Not Become Liquid Full @ 130º F To Determine The Volume Of Any Given Weight Of A Product @ 130º F, It Is Necessary To Know The Aerosol Density.
- 73. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY CALCULATION :- Head Space Physical Requirements: An aerosol container has a safe fill if there is a minimum 7.5 % Head Space within container when the contents are heated to 130°F(54.4°C), except a 4.5 % head space is considered safe at 130°F(54.4°C) provided: The container has concave base which becomes convex at pressure significantly below the burst pressure or has came that can be everted at the chime at pressure significantly below the burst pressure.
- 74. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY CALCULATION :- Head Space Head Space is worked out by following way:-- Can Size & its Overflow Capacity 45 x 150 mm ……………………………209 cc Aerosol Density …………………………… 0.8460 g/cc 209 minus 5 cc(Valve displacement) = 204 cc 204 cc x 80% full x Aerosol Density g/cc 204 cc x 0.80 x 0.8460 g/cc = 138 g 138 g divided by 28.35 g = 4.9 oz (28.35 g = 1.0 oz)
- 75. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Head Space Can Size:53X240, Fill Weight:309 G, 34.2 % Head Space @ 70° F Can Size:53X240, Fill Weight:309 G, 33.7 % Head Space @ 130° F
- 76. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Head Space Can Size:53X240, Fill Weight:401.2 G, 34.2 % Head Space @ 70° F Can Size:53X240, Fill Weight:401.2 G, 11.2 % Head Space @ 130° F
- 77. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY CALCULATION :- AEROSOL DENSITY WORK STUDY SUBJECT: FIND OUT CALCULATED AEROSOL DENSITY AEROSOL FORMULA: 60.0% CONCENTRATE – LIQUID SP.GR. 0.768 g/cc 10.0% PROPELLANT A – LIQUID DENSITY – 0.578 g/cc 30.0% PROPELLANT B – LIQUID DENSITY – 0.910 g/cc
- 78. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY CALCULATION :- AEROSOL DENSITY WORK STUDY SUBJECT: FIND OUT CALCULATED AEROSOL DENSITY AND NET WEIGHT & NET VOLUME AEROSOL FORMULA: 55.0% CONCENTRATE – LIQUID SP.GR. 0.823 g/cc 29.0% PROPELLANT A – LIQUID DENSITY – 0.910 g/cc 16.0% PROPELLANT B – LIQUID DENSITY – 0.660 g/cc
- 79. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY CALCULATION :- AEROSOL DENSITY WORK STUDY SUBJECT: FIND OUT CALCULATED AEROSOL DENSITY AND NET WEIGHT & NET VOLUME & CAN SIZE AEROSOL FORMULA: 60.0% CONCENTRATE – LIQUID SP.GR. 0.780 g/cc 40.0% PROPELLANT A – LIQUID DENSITY – 0.910 g/cc
- 80. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY CALCULATION :- Vapor Pressure of Blend The blend is 152a & isobutane V. P @ 70º F psig psia mol. Wt Dymel® 152a 62.5 77.2 66.1 Isobutane 31.0 45.7 58.1 assume 100 G of solution; 30% 152a = 30 G; 70% isobutane = 70 G 30 divided by 66.1 = 0.4593 moles of 152a 70 divided by 58.1 = 1.2048 moles of isobutane total moles of mixture: 1.6587 now, 0.4593 divided by 1.6587 = 0.274 mole fraction 1.2048 divided by 1.6578 = 0.726 mole fraction partial pressure of 152a: 0.274 x 77.2 = 21.15 psia Partial pressure of isobutane 0.726 x 45.7 = 33.18 psia therefore, 21.15 + 33.18 = 54.68 psia minus 14.70 psig = 39.98 psig
- 81. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY 80% VOC Hair Spray Formulation( Wt%) Ingredients Value Brand Performance Brand Salon Brand Resin 5 5 5 Ethanol 50 57.5 75 Hydrocarbon 15 15 5 Dymel® A 15 7.5 Dymel® 152a 7.5 15 Water 15 7.5 Cost of 8oz can R Reference 1.1R 1.21R
- 82. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY 55% VOC Hair Spray Formulation(Wt%) Performance Brand Resin 5 5 Ethanol 35 35 Hydrocarbon Dymel® A 20 20 Dymel® 152a 10 15 Water 30 25 Cost of 8oz can 1.08R 1.15R
- 83. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY 55% VOC Hair Spray Formulation(Wt%) Salon Brand Resin 5 5 5 Ethanol 55 55 55 Hydrocarbon Dymel® A Dymel® 152a 20 25 30 Water 20 15 10 Cost of 8oz can 1.21R 1.28R 1.35R
- 91. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Filling Methods •Under the Cap (U – T – C) •Pressure or through the Valve (T – T –V) •Cold Filling
- 92. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Filling Methods – Under Cap Filling
- 93. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Filling Methods – Under Cap Filling
- 94. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Filling Methods – Through the Valve
- 96. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY Filling Methods – Comparison Under the Cap Through the Valve Filling Accuracy - + Filling Speed + - Filling Range + - Equipment Utilization + - Propellant Loss - + Propellant in Dip Tube + -
- 97. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY USA Regulatory Agencies: 1. Department Of Transportation (DOT) 2. Environmental Protective Agency (EPA) 3. Food, Drug & Cosmetics Administration (FD&CA) 4. Consumer Product Safety Commissioner (CPSC) 5. Federal Labeling & Packaging Act – Fair Packaging Labeling Act (FPLA)
- 98. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY USA Regulatory Agencies 6. National Bureau Of Standards (NBA) 7. Federal, Insecticide, Fungicide & Rodenticide (FIFR) 8. Air Transportation Of Aerosols (IATA) 9. US Post Office – Dept. regulations of Aerosols Mac Bhuta
- 99. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY WARNING STATEMENTS FOR AEROSOLS 1.FD&CA 2.CPSC WARNING: FLAMMABLE. CONTENTS UNDER PRESSURE. DO NOT PUNCTURE OR INCINERATE. DO NOT STORE AT TEMPEARTURE ABOVE 120ºF. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. 3.NO SYMBOLES AS EUROPE & CANADA Mac Bhuta
- 100. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL Mac Bhuta Flammability Statement Flash Point Required Text (A) Pressurized Containers Flash point at or below 20ºF or if there is a flashback at any valve opening Extremely flammable. Contents under pressure. Keep away from fire, sparks, and heated surfaces. Do not puncture or incinerate container. Exposure to temperature above 130ºF may cause bursting [40 CFR 156.78]
- 101. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL Mac Bhuta Flammability Statement Flash Point Required Text (A) Pressurized Containers Flash point above 20ºF and not over 80ºF or if the flame extension is more than 18 inches long at a distance of 6 inches from the flame Flammable. Contents under pressure. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Do not puncture or incinerate container. Exposure to temperature above 130ºF may cause bursting [40 CFR 156.78]
- 102. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL Mac Bhuta Flammability Statement Flash Point Required Text (A) Pressurized Containers All other pressurized container Contents under pressure. Do not use or store near hat or open flame. Do not puncture or incinerate container. Exposure to temperature above 130ºF may cause bursting [40 CFR 156.78]
- 103. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL Mac Bhuta Flammability Statement Flash Point Required Text (B) Non Pressurized Containers At or below 20ºF Above 20ºF and not over 80ºF Above 80ºF and not over 150ºF Extremely flammable. Keep away form fire, sparks, and heated surfaces. Flammable. Keep away from heat and open flame Combustible. Do not use or store near heat or open flame. [40 CFR 156.78]
- 104. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL PACKAGING –FAIR PACKAGING LABELING ACT 1. Aerosol Package Must Be Labeled In Units Of WEIGHTS E.G. Net Wt. 12.0 Oz. – Front Panel 2. Over One Pound Declaration Must Be In Ounces Followed In Parentheses By Declaration In Whole Pounds. E.G. Net Wt. 18 ½ Oz.(1 Lb 2 ½ Oz.) Front Panel 3. SUPPLEMENTARY CONTENTS STATEMENTS MAY BE MADE SUCH AS Fl. Oz. But Not On Front Panel Only Back Panel. Mac Bhuta
- 105. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARD 1.Checking Net Weight Of Aerosols 2.It Must Deliver To The Consumer The Stated Net Contents Mac Bhuta
- 106. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DOT 2N – (40psig – 140psig @ 130ºF) DOT 2P - (141psig – 160psig @ 130ºF) DOT 2Q – (161psig – 180psig @ 130º) EACH COMPLETED AEROSOL CONTAINER FILLED FOR SHIPMENT MUST HAVE BEEN HEATED UNTIL THE PRESSURE IN THE CONTAINER IS EQUIVALENT TO THE EQUILIBRIUM PRESSURE OF THE CONTENT AT 130ºF WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF LEAKAGE, DISTORATION OR OTHER DEFECT. AEROSOLS – CONSUMER COMMODITY – ONLY SHIPPED BY AIR. Mac Bhuta
- 107. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY VOC Regulations Mac Bhuta Regulated Product VOC Content Limits( Wt%) Categories Current US EPA Current/Future CARB Proposed OTC Effective 1/1/05 HAIR MOUSSE 16% 6% ( 12/31/02) 6.00% HAIR SHINES None 55%( 1/1/05) 55% HAIR SPRAYS 80% 55% 55% HAIR STYLING GELS 6% 6% 6% NAIL POLISH REMOVER 85% 75% (12/31/04) 75% FRAGRANCE PERSONAL <20% FRAGRANCE NONE 75% NONE >20% FRAGRANCE NONE 65% NONE SHAVING CREAM 5% 5% 5% ANTIPERSPIRANT AEROSOL 60% HVOC 40% HVOC 40% HVOC 10% MVOC 10% MVOC
- 108. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY VOC Regulations Mac Bhuta • HVOV: High Volatility Organic Compound • MVOC: Medium Volatility Organic Compound with vapor pressure > 2 mm Hg @ 20º C & less than or Equal to 80 mm Hg @ 20º C • > 55% VOC Hair sprays-To be sold in California ended 12/31/99. All Non-Compliant Products had to be of the shelves by 12/31/2002 • >6% VOC Mousses sold in California ended 12/31/2002. The 3 year “Sell Through” period must be off the shelves is 12/31/2005 • There are 13 States will follow OTC( Ozone Transport Commission ) Model when it takes effect in 2005
- 109. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY VOC Regulations Mac Bhuta •There are 13 States will follow OTC ( Ozone Transport Commission ) Model when it takes effect in 2005 Connecticut Delaware Dist. Of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhodes Island Vermont Virginia
- 110. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY VOC Regulations – As of 12/31/2006 Mac Bhuta PRODUCT VOC LIMIT % Adhesive Removers 1.Floor & Wall Covering Adhesive 5 2.Gasket or Thread Locking Adhesive 50 3.General Purpose Adhesive 20 4.Special Adhesive 70 Contact Adhesive 1. General purpose 55 2. Special Purpose 80 Anti-Static Product 1. Non – Aerosol 11 Electronic Cleaner 75 Electrical Cleaner 45
- 111. AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY VOC Regulations – As of 12/31/2006 Mac Bhuta PRODUCT VOC LIMIT % Fabric Refresher 1. Aerosol 15 2. Non-Aerosol 6 Footwear & Leather Care Product 1. Aerosol 75 2. Solid 55 3. All other Forms 15 Graffiti Remover 1. Aerosol 50 2. Non – Aerosol 30 Hair Styling Product 1. Aerosols & Pump Sprays 6