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Propeller Performance Prediction in an Artificially Generated Wake Field Using RANSE

J
João Baltazar

A method is presented to predict propeller performance in an artificially generated wake field using body forces calibrated iteratively. The full RANSE approach and body force method show minor differences of 1.8% in mean propeller force coefficients. Reasons for differences include the artificial wake differing from the actual wake by over 10% near the hub, and using a nominal wake without the hull for the propeller simulations.

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Propeller Performance Prediction in an Artificially Generated Wake Field Using RANSE J. Baltazar1 , B. Schuiling2 , D. Rijpkema2 1Instituto Superior T´ecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal 2Maritime Research Institute Netherlands, Wageningen, the Netherlands NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 1
Outline Motivation Propeller-Ship Simulations (KCS) (Nominal) Wake Field Generation Propeller in Behind Condition (w/o Ship) Conclusions NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 2
Propeller Performance in Behind Condition Full Propeller-Ship Simulations NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 3
Propeller Performance in Behind Condition Propeller Simulations NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 4
Propeller Performance in Behind Condition NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 5
Propeller Performance in Behind Condition NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 6
KRISO Container Ship Model geometry: Lpp = 7.2786 m d = 0.3418 m Sw = 9.4379 m2 Vm = 2.196 m/s Model propeller: D = 0.25 m P/D0.7R = 0.9967 Ae/A0 = 0.800 Z = 5 Full scale: LPPS = 230 m VS = 24 kt Propeller plane: x/Lpp = 0.4825 from midship NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 7
Viscous Flow Simulations RANSE solver ReFRESCO Finite volume discretisation k − ω SST turbulence model (Menter et al., 2003) No wall functions are used (y+ ∼ 1) Discretisation of the convective flux: Momentum: QUICK Turbulence: upwind Time integration: implicit 2nd order scheme NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 8
Full Propeller-Ship Simulations Fn=0.26, Re=1.4×107 and fixed free surface (18.4M + 2.9M cells) NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 9
Full Propeller-Ship Simulations Fn=0.26, Re=1.4×107 and fixed free surface (18.4M + 2.9M cells) Azimuth [deg] KT 72 144 216 288 360 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 Propeller in Behind Hull Blade Thrust Coefficient Azimuth [deg] 10KQ 72 144 216 288 360 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090 0.100 Propeller in Behind Hull Blade Torque Coefficient Azimuth [deg] KT 72 144 216 288 360 0.160 0.162 0.164 0.166 0.168 0.170 0.172 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller Thrust Coefficient Azimuth [deg] 10KQ 72 144 216 288 360 0.290 0.295 0.300 0.305 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller Torque Coefficient NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 10
Bare Hull Simulations Fn=0.26, Re=1.4×107 and fixed free surface (18.8M cells) NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 11
Bare Hull Simulations Fn=0.26, Re=1.4×107 and fixed free surface (18.8M cells) y/R -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 Vx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33 z/R VS Vwx /VS: NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 12
Nominal Wake Field Generation Uniform flow at inlet (ship’s speed) Body-forces upstream of propeller plane at 1D Iterative calibration of body-forces: F (i) x = −1/2ρ VS − V (i) wx VS + V (i) wx 1 ∆V 1/3 F (i) y = 1/2ρ VS + V (0) wx V (i) wy 1 ∆V 1/3 F (i) z = 1/2ρ VS + V (0) wx V (i) wz 1 ∆V 1/3 with V (i) wx,y,z = V (0) wx,y,z − β V (i−1) wx,y,z − V (0) wx,y,z where V (0) wx,y,z represents the nominal wake field and β = 0.5 is a relaxation factor. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 13
Nominal Wake Field Generation Vinlet = VS (3.2M cells) NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 14
Nominal Wake Field Generation Calibrated vs hull simulation y/R -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 Vx2: 0.33 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.81 0.89 z/R VS Vwx /VS: y/R -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 Vx2: 0.33 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.81 0.89 z/R VS Vwx /VS: NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 15
Nominal Wake Field Generation Convergence history and circumferential averaged wake field Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | r/R 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Vwx /VS: Bare Hull Simulation Vwx /VS : Generated Wake Field Vwr /VS : Bare Hull Simulation Vwr /VS : Generated Wake Field Vwθ /VS : Bare Hull Simulation Vwθ /VS : Generated Wake Field NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 16
Propeller in Behind Condition (w/o Ship) JS = 0.901 and n = 9.75rps (2.8M + 2.1M cells) NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 17
Propeller in Behind Condition Comparison of force coefficients Azimuth [deg] KT 72 144 216 288 360 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller in Artificial Wake Blade Thrust Coefficient Azimuth [deg] 10KQ 72 144 216 288 360 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090 0.100 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller in Artificial Wake Blade Torque Coefficient Azimuth [deg] KT 72 144 216 288 360 0.160 0.162 0.164 0.166 0.168 0.170 0.172 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller in Artificial Wake Propeller Thrust Coefficient Azimuth [deg] 10KQ 72 144 216 288 360 0.290 0.295 0.300 0.305 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller in Artificial Wake Propeller Torque Coefficient NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 18
Propeller in Behind Condition Mean, first and second harmonic amplitudes of the blade frequency Behind Hull Artificial Wake n K (n) T 10K (n) Q K (n) T 10K (n) Q 0 0.1660 0.2985 0.1630 0.2930 1 0.0025 0.0034 0.0017 0.0019 2 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 KT,Q (θ) = K (0) T,Q + K (1) T,Q sin Zθ + φ(1) + K (2) T,Q sin 2Zθ + φ(2) NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 19
Conclusions NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 20
Conclusions A method for the prediction of the propeller unsteady performance in an artificially generated wake field using (iteratively calibrated) body-forces is presented. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 20
Conclusions A method for the prediction of the propeller unsteady performance in an artificially generated wake field using (iteratively calibrated) body-forces is presented. This method offers an alternative to the full RANSE approach. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 20
Conclusions A method for the prediction of the propeller unsteady performance in an artificially generated wake field using (iteratively calibrated) body-forces is presented. This method offers an alternative to the full RANSE approach. The two approaches are compared, where minor differences in the order of 1.8% are obtained for the mean propeller force coefficients. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 20
Conclusions Main reasons for the differences: NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 21
Conclusions Main reasons for the differences: Artificial wake field present differences higher than 10% (at inner radii) in respect to the ship velocity. Attributed to the strong interaction between the axial and transversal wake flows. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 21
Conclusions Main reasons for the differences: Artificial wake field present differences higher than 10% (at inner radii) in respect to the ship velocity. Attributed to the strong interaction between the axial and transversal wake flows. The nominal wake field is considered for the propeller simulations without hull. May contribute for the under-prediction of the propeller forces. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 21
Thank You! c new wave media NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 22
Wake Field Modelling Computational domain and boundary conditions Cylindrical domain (size 5D) Inflow b.c./body forces Hub field: r/R < 0.2 Wake field: 0.2 ≤ r/R ≤ 1.2 Transition field: 1.2 < r/R < 2.0 Uniform inflow field: r/R ≥ 2.0 Tu=1% and µt/µ = 1 Farfield: pressure b.c. Outlet: outflow b.c. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 23
Wake Field Modelling Boundary condition at the inlet/force field Hub field: cubic Hermite interpolator Wake field: Fourier function Transition field: cubic Hermite interpolator Uniform infow field: Vwx /VS = 1.0 y/R z/R -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 V23: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33 Vwx / VS: Hub Field Uniform Inflow Field Transition Field Wake Field NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 24
Decomposition of the Wake Field for a Propeller Total velocity is the velocity at the propeller plane when the propeller is operating at the stern of the ship. Nominal velocity is the velocity at the propeller plane when the propeller is absent. Propeller induced velocity is the velocity at the propeller plane induced by the propeller. Interaction velocity is the velocity at the propeller plane due to the interaction of the propeller with the nominal wake. Effective velocity = Total velocity - Propeller induced velocity. Effective velocity = Nominal velocity + Interaction velocity. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 25
Nominal Wake Field Generation Questions NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 26
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative Convergence Iteration 0 5000 10000 15000 10-7 10-6 10-5 10 -4 10-3 10-2 10-1 10 0 VX VY VZ p k ω L∞ Iteration 0 5000 10000 15000 10-9 10-8 10-7 10 -6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10 -2 VX VY VZ p k ω L2 NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 27
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 1 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 28
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 2 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 29
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 3 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 30
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 4 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 31
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 5 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 32
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 6 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 33
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 7 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 34
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 8 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 35
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 9 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 36
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 11 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 37
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 12 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 38
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 13 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 39
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 14 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 40
Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 15 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 41

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Propeller Performance Prediction in an Artificially Generated Wake Field Using RANSE

  • 1. Propeller Performance Prediction in an Artificially Generated Wake Field Using RANSE J. Baltazar1 , B. Schuiling2 , D. Rijpkema2 1Instituto Superior T´ecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal 2Maritime Research Institute Netherlands, Wageningen, the Netherlands NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 1
  • 2. Outline Motivation Propeller-Ship Simulations (KCS) (Nominal) Wake Field Generation Propeller in Behind Condition (w/o Ship) Conclusions NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 2
  • 3. Propeller Performance in Behind Condition Full Propeller-Ship Simulations NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 3
  • 4. Propeller Performance in Behind Condition Propeller Simulations NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 4
  • 5. Propeller Performance in Behind Condition NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 5
  • 6. Propeller Performance in Behind Condition NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 6
  • 7. KRISO Container Ship Model geometry: Lpp = 7.2786 m d = 0.3418 m Sw = 9.4379 m2 Vm = 2.196 m/s Model propeller: D = 0.25 m P/D0.7R = 0.9967 Ae/A0 = 0.800 Z = 5 Full scale: LPPS = 230 m VS = 24 kt Propeller plane: x/Lpp = 0.4825 from midship NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 7
  • 8. Viscous Flow Simulations RANSE solver ReFRESCO Finite volume discretisation k − ω SST turbulence model (Menter et al., 2003) No wall functions are used (y+ ∼ 1) Discretisation of the convective flux: Momentum: QUICK Turbulence: upwind Time integration: implicit 2nd order scheme NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 8
  • 9. Full Propeller-Ship Simulations Fn=0.26, Re=1.4×107 and fixed free surface (18.4M + 2.9M cells) NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 9
  • 10. Full Propeller-Ship Simulations Fn=0.26, Re=1.4×107 and fixed free surface (18.4M + 2.9M cells) Azimuth [deg] KT 72 144 216 288 360 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 Propeller in Behind Hull Blade Thrust Coefficient Azimuth [deg] 10KQ 72 144 216 288 360 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090 0.100 Propeller in Behind Hull Blade Torque Coefficient Azimuth [deg] KT 72 144 216 288 360 0.160 0.162 0.164 0.166 0.168 0.170 0.172 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller Thrust Coefficient Azimuth [deg] 10KQ 72 144 216 288 360 0.290 0.295 0.300 0.305 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller Torque Coefficient NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 10
  • 11. Bare Hull Simulations Fn=0.26, Re=1.4×107 and fixed free surface (18.8M cells) NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 11
  • 12. Bare Hull Simulations Fn=0.26, Re=1.4×107 and fixed free surface (18.8M cells) y/R -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 Vx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33 z/R VS Vwx /VS: NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 12
  • 13. Nominal Wake Field Generation Uniform flow at inlet (ship’s speed) Body-forces upstream of propeller plane at 1D Iterative calibration of body-forces: F (i) x = −1/2ρ VS − V (i) wx VS + V (i) wx 1 ∆V 1/3 F (i) y = 1/2ρ VS + V (0) wx V (i) wy 1 ∆V 1/3 F (i) z = 1/2ρ VS + V (0) wx V (i) wz 1 ∆V 1/3 with V (i) wx,y,z = V (0) wx,y,z − β V (i−1) wx,y,z − V (0) wx,y,z where V (0) wx,y,z represents the nominal wake field and β = 0.5 is a relaxation factor. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 13
  • 14. Nominal Wake Field Generation Vinlet = VS (3.2M cells) NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 14
  • 15. Nominal Wake Field Generation Calibrated vs hull simulation y/R -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 Vx2: 0.33 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.81 0.89 z/R VS Vwx /VS: y/R -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 Vx2: 0.33 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.81 0.89 z/R VS Vwx /VS: NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 15
  • 16. Nominal Wake Field Generation Convergence history and circumferential averaged wake field Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | r/R 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Vwx /VS: Bare Hull Simulation Vwx /VS : Generated Wake Field Vwr /VS : Bare Hull Simulation Vwr /VS : Generated Wake Field Vwθ /VS : Bare Hull Simulation Vwθ /VS : Generated Wake Field NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 16
  • 17. Propeller in Behind Condition (w/o Ship) JS = 0.901 and n = 9.75rps (2.8M + 2.1M cells) NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 17
  • 18. Propeller in Behind Condition Comparison of force coefficients Azimuth [deg] KT 72 144 216 288 360 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller in Artificial Wake Blade Thrust Coefficient Azimuth [deg] 10KQ 72 144 216 288 360 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090 0.100 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller in Artificial Wake Blade Torque Coefficient Azimuth [deg] KT 72 144 216 288 360 0.160 0.162 0.164 0.166 0.168 0.170 0.172 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller in Artificial Wake Propeller Thrust Coefficient Azimuth [deg] 10KQ 72 144 216 288 360 0.290 0.295 0.300 0.305 Propeller in Behind Hull Propeller in Artificial Wake Propeller Torque Coefficient NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 18
  • 19. Propeller in Behind Condition Mean, first and second harmonic amplitudes of the blade frequency Behind Hull Artificial Wake n K (n) T 10K (n) Q K (n) T 10K (n) Q 0 0.1660 0.2985 0.1630 0.2930 1 0.0025 0.0034 0.0017 0.0019 2 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 KT,Q (θ) = K (0) T,Q + K (1) T,Q sin Zθ + φ(1) + K (2) T,Q sin 2Zθ + φ(2) NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 19
  • 20. Conclusions NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 20
  • 21. Conclusions A method for the prediction of the propeller unsteady performance in an artificially generated wake field using (iteratively calibrated) body-forces is presented. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 20
  • 22. Conclusions A method for the prediction of the propeller unsteady performance in an artificially generated wake field using (iteratively calibrated) body-forces is presented. This method offers an alternative to the full RANSE approach. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 20
  • 23. Conclusions A method for the prediction of the propeller unsteady performance in an artificially generated wake field using (iteratively calibrated) body-forces is presented. This method offers an alternative to the full RANSE approach. The two approaches are compared, where minor differences in the order of 1.8% are obtained for the mean propeller force coefficients. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 20
  • 24. Conclusions Main reasons for the differences: NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 21
  • 25. Conclusions Main reasons for the differences: Artificial wake field present differences higher than 10% (at inner radii) in respect to the ship velocity. Attributed to the strong interaction between the axial and transversal wake flows. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 21
  • 26. Conclusions Main reasons for the differences: Artificial wake field present differences higher than 10% (at inner radii) in respect to the ship velocity. Attributed to the strong interaction between the axial and transversal wake flows. The nominal wake field is considered for the propeller simulations without hull. May contribute for the under-prediction of the propeller forces. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 21
  • 27. Thank You! c new wave media NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 22
  • 28. Wake Field Modelling Computational domain and boundary conditions Cylindrical domain (size 5D) Inflow b.c./body forces Hub field: r/R < 0.2 Wake field: 0.2 ≤ r/R ≤ 1.2 Transition field: 1.2 < r/R < 2.0 Uniform inflow field: r/R ≥ 2.0 Tu=1% and µt/µ = 1 Farfield: pressure b.c. Outlet: outflow b.c. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 23
  • 29. Wake Field Modelling Boundary condition at the inlet/force field Hub field: cubic Hermite interpolator Wake field: Fourier function Transition field: cubic Hermite interpolator Uniform infow field: Vwx /VS = 1.0 y/R z/R -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 V23: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33 Vwx / VS: Hub Field Uniform Inflow Field Transition Field Wake Field NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 24
  • 30. Decomposition of the Wake Field for a Propeller Total velocity is the velocity at the propeller plane when the propeller is operating at the stern of the ship. Nominal velocity is the velocity at the propeller plane when the propeller is absent. Propeller induced velocity is the velocity at the propeller plane induced by the propeller. Interaction velocity is the velocity at the propeller plane due to the interaction of the propeller with the nominal wake. Effective velocity = Total velocity - Propeller induced velocity. Effective velocity = Nominal velocity + Interaction velocity. NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 25
  • 31. Nominal Wake Field Generation Questions NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 26
  • 32. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative Convergence Iteration 0 5000 10000 15000 10-7 10-6 10-5 10 -4 10-3 10-2 10-1 10 0 VX VY VZ p k ω L∞ Iteration 0 5000 10000 15000 10-9 10-8 10-7 10 -6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10 -2 VX VY VZ p k ω L2 NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 27
  • 33. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 1 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 28
  • 34. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 2 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 29
  • 35. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 3 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 30
  • 36. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 4 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 31
  • 37. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 5 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 32
  • 38. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 6 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 33
  • 39. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 7 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 34
  • 40. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 8 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 35
  • 41. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 9 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 36
  • 42. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 11 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 37
  • 43. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 12 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 38
  • 44. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 13 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 39
  • 45. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 14 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 40
  • 46. Nominal Wake Field Generation Iterative calibration of the body forces - Iter 15 y/R z/R -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Vwx: -0.89 -0.81 -0.73 -0.65 -0.57 -0.49 -0.41 -0.33Vwx / VS: VS Iteration max|eVw|[%] mean|eVw|[%] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12mean|eVwx | max|eVwx | mean|eVwy | max|eVwy | mean|eVwz | max|eVwz | NuTTS 2019 Tomar, Portugal 29 September - 1 October 41