PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM.
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The document discusses helium, its properties, applications, and the ongoing shortage since 2006 due to increased demand and previous legislation that impacted its market. It highlights the significance of helium in various fields, including healthcare, defense, and technology, and outlines the history of helium use and the implications of legislation regarding its reserve. Furthermore, the document touches on the potential of helium-3 as a future energy source, its extraction, current energy demands, and global implications for space exploration.
PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM.
- 1. PRESENTED BY:- AKHILESH UIKAY CLASS 10TH ’B’ ELEMENT:-”HELIUM”……
- 3. The Noble Gases • Group 18 Elements -Helium -Neon -Argon -Krypton -Xenon -Radon • Helium is used to fill balloons. • Neon signs contain noble gases.
- 4. A Ballooning Crisis: Technical and Policy Recommendations on the Helium Shortage
- 5. Helium Shortage OverviewHelium Shortage Overview • Helium shortage existed since 2006Helium shortage existed since 2006 • Helium has numerous applicationsHelium has numerous applications • Federal Helium Reserve Program hasFederal Helium Reserve Program has existed since the 1960sexisted since the 1960s • Current legislation may determine theCurrent legislation may determine the future of this finite resourcefuture of this finite resource
- 6. Helium HistoryHelium History • Interest began in WWI for defenseInterest began in WWI for defense • Continued use of Helium after WWIContinued use of Helium after WWI lead to the formation of the Bushlead to the formation of the Bush Dome Reservoir/Federal HeliumDome Reservoir/Federal Helium Reserve ProgramReserve Program • People lost interest in helium towardsPeople lost interest in helium towards the end of the 1900’s, but it has sincethe end of the 1900’s, but it has since regained importance for science andregained importance for science and technology.technology.
- 7. Uniqueness of HeliumUniqueness of Helium • Liquefies at lower temperature thanLiquefies at lower temperature than all other elementsall other elements66 • Chemically inertChemically inert • Highest specific heat capacity of anyHighest specific heat capacity of any gaseous elementgaseous element • Invisible- cannot be renderedInvisible- cannot be rendered radioactiveradioactive77
- 8. Uses of HeliumUses of Helium
- 11. Helium ApplicationsHelium Applications Daily Life Applications:Daily Life Applications: • LCD screen manufacturing-used toLCD screen manufacturing-used to make sleeve for glass tube in fibermake sleeve for glass tube in fiber opticsoptics • Welding for specialty metals- chemicalWelding for specialty metals- chemical inertness and high heat capacityinertness and high heat capacity • Processing of semiconductor phoneProcessing of semiconductor phone chips- cryogenic use and to flush thechips- cryogenic use and to flush the vesselsvessels
- 12. Helium in HealthcareHelium in Healthcare • Helium used as coolant for magnet inHelium used as coolant for magnet in Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI)Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI) technologytechnology • ~75,000 MRI scans/day, ~20,000 jobs~75,000 MRI scans/day, ~20,000 jobs at GE Healthcare alone are MRIat GE Healthcare alone are MRI specificspecific88
- 13. During shortage, many patientsDuring shortage, many patients will wait for necessary scanswill wait for necessary scans
- 14. Helium in DefenseHelium in Defense • Defense is where it all began andDefense is where it all began and continues helium’s use as a lifting gascontinues helium’s use as a lifting gas • Safer than hydrogen as it is lessSafer than hydrogen as it is less flammableflammable • Previously used for air travel,Previously used for air travel, currently used for observation incurrently used for observation in blimps and balloonsblimps and balloons • Helium-3 is used in neutron detectorsHelium-3 is used in neutron detectors at bordersat borders
- 16. LegislationLegislation 1996 Helium Privatization Act1996 Helium Privatization Act44 • Based on debt to National TreasuryBased on debt to National Treasury • Required sell-off of helium at flat rateRequired sell-off of helium at flat rate • Price mandated by government, notPrice mandated by government, not marketmarket • Did not accurately predict future usesDid not accurately predict future uses of heliumof helium
- 17. Upcoming LegislationUpcoming Legislation 2012 Helium Stewardship Act2012 Helium Stewardship Act55 • Allows Federal Helium Reserve toAllows Federal Helium Reserve to remain self-sustainable withoutremain self-sustainable without government appropriationsgovernment appropriations • Government phase out- no longerGovernment phase out- no longer regulates pricesregulates prices • Slow phase out will allow for time toSlow phase out will allow for time to form new mines and keep market fromform new mines and keep market from a monopoly.a monopoly.
- 18. Helium’s FutureHelium’s Future • As applications increase the FederalAs applications increase the Federal Helium Reserve must remainHelium Reserve must remain operational- swift passage of S.2374operational- swift passage of S.2374 • House companion billHouse companion bill • New plants should be createdNew plants should be created • Reuse technology should beReuse technology should be encouraged and mandated for largeencouraged and mandated for large companiescompanies • Possible areas for public awarenessPossible areas for public awareness
- 19. Helium-3: The Future Energy Source?Helium-3: The Future Energy Source?
- 20. OverviewOverview Helium-3 Background What Is it…Where Is it Found? How Do We get it? Current Energy Demands U.S. Global Fossil Fuels & Nuclear Energy Other Energy Alternatives He3 Global Implications He3 Economic Implications Way Ahead Conclusion
- 21. What is Helium-3…Where Do We Find It?What is Helium-3…Where Do We Find It? He3 is naturally produced through fusion in the sun Settles on the moon’s surface Earths atmosphere repels He3 from settling on its surface He3 combined with deuterium produces energy There is 10 times more energy in He3 than in all of the fossil fuels on Earth (oil, coal, natural gas)
- 23. Helium-3…How Do We Get It?Helium-3…How Do We Get It? Artist's rendition of He3 mining machine Using direct sun energy, He3 particles will then be heated to about 1400 degrees 1400 degrees is the required temperature to convert He3 to usable energy
- 24. He3 is not a proven concept but has potential Estimated 30 – 50 years before Earth could use He3 Increased funding would decrease timeline Much research and work remains What’s appealing about He3? Abundance of energy Clean energy What’s unappealing? Unproven technology Costly R&D / production
- 25. United States Energy UseUnited States Energy Use U.S. spends about $440 billion annually for energy Consumes about 6.2B barrels of oil per year Consumes about 965M tons of coal per year Energy needs expected to increase over the next 25 years
- 26. Global Energy UseGlobal Energy Use World oil consumption is expected to grow by 1.3 million bbl/d in both 2008 and 2009 Projected 50% increase in energy requirements by 2030 China/India represent 45% of the increase World coal usage approx 5.3 B tons Expected to increase by 2.2B every year through 2025
- 27. Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy: Rising ConcernsFossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy: Rising Concerns OilOil • Some speculation of “peak oil” inSome speculation of “peak oil” in 40-50 years40-50 years • Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues • Geopolitical factorsGeopolitical factors • Rising costsRising costs Natural gasNatural gas • North American natural gas atNorth American natural gas at or near peakor near peak • Alaska / other continents gasAlaska / other continents gas resources costly to transportresources costly to transport CoalCoal • Est. 275 years of resourcesEst. 275 years of resources • Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues NuclearNuclear • Radioactive wasteRadioactive waste • Replace aging reactorsReplace aging reactors • Public health hazardPublic health hazard
- 28. HydrogenHydrogen WindWind Bio-dieselBio-diesel EthanolEthanol SolarSolar Current /Emerging Energy AlternativesCurrent /Emerging Energy Alternatives FusionFusion HydroHydro
- 30. U.S.U.S. Return to moon 2020Return to moon 2020 Establish Moon BaseEstablish Moon Base Moon Mining?Moon Mining? RussiaRussia • Manned moonManned moon mission--2022mission--2022 • Mining by 2030Mining by 2030 ChinChin • Man on moon by 202Man on moon by 202 • Moon MiningMoon Mining ndiandia Various Space InitiativesVarious Space Initiatives European UnionEuropean Union • FranceFrance • GermanyGermany U.N. & Rest of the WorldU.N. & Rest of the World GlobalGlobal ImplicationsImplications
- 32. Global Implications: Existing Space TreatiesGlobal Implications: Existing Space Treaties Outer Space Treaty -- 1967Outer Space Treaty -- 1967 Moon Agreement -- 1984Moon Agreement -- 1984 Additional treaties, agreements andAdditional treaties, agreements and international law requiredinternational law required
Editor's Notes
- #12: Welding due to its high heat capacity. Others due to inertness
- #18: Dr. Ong—USA is only country which doesn’t mandate reuse of helium
- #22: Data Source: http://www.asi.org/adb/02/09/he3-intro.html
- #24: Photo source: http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=22450
- #26: Data as of -- May 2007. Source for data: Energy Information Agency, http://www.eia.doe.gov/overview_hd.html. http://www.solarenergy.org/resources/energyfacts.html
- #27: Data as of -- May 2007. Source for data: Energy Information Agency, http://www.eia.doe.gov/overview_hd.html. Additional information found here: http://www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/WEO2007SUM.pdf Uppsala Hydrocarbon Depletion Study Group -- http://www.tsl.uu.se/uhdsg/