The document discusses security threats in Apache Hadoop such as accidental file deletion, accidental task killing, users pretending to be other users or services, remote access, eavesdropping inside and outside the data center, physical access, and a bad Hadoop administrator in the cluster. It covers security architectures in Hadoop including HDFS encryption, the Hive metastore, and Hive Server 2. The document concludes with recommendations to address security threats and resources for further information.