Protists types
- 1. Protists The world of Protists: Animal-like Protists Plant-like Protists Fungus-like Protists
- 2. The endosymbiotic theory states that some eukaryotic organelles evolved from prokaryotes. For example, the mitochondrion, chloroplast, and other plastids originated as prokaryotic cells that came to reside within a host cell. They enabled the host cell to use sunlight as an energy source (the chloroplast) and use aerobic cellular respiration (the mitochondrion). In return, the host cell provided the necessary nutrients, a stable chemical environment, and protection. Evolutionary change eventually resulted in this relationship being obligate. Below: Heterotrophic prokaryotes that engulfed (or became infected by) photosynthetic prokaryotes were able to benefit by using the sugars produced using solar energy. The prokaryotes benefited by receiving necessary nutrients from their host cell. The chloroplast and other plastids evolved from this photosynthetic endosymbiont.
- 3. Protist Diversity 200,000 species come in different shapes, sizes, and colors All are eukaryotes – have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- 5. Protozoans Unicellular – made up of one cell Heterotrophs – they eat other organisms or dead organic matter Classified by how they move
- 6. Phyla of Protozoans Amoebas Flagellates Ciliates Sporazoans
- 7. Amoebas : the blobs No cell wall Move using pseudopods – plasma extensions Engulf bits of food by flowing around and over them
- 11. Flagellates : the motorboats Use a whip-like extension called a flagella to move Some cause diseases
- 12. Trichomonas foetus : cow disease
- 13. Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD
- 14. Ciliates : the hairy ones Move beating tiny hairs called cilia
- 18. Sporazoans : the parasite Non-motile - Do not move Live inside a host One type causes malaria
- 19. Malaria in red blood cells
- 20. Pneumonia in aids patients
- 22. What are Algae? Multicellular – made of more than one cell Photosynthetic – make their own food No roots, stems, or leaves Each has chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments
- 23. Phyla of Algae Euglenoids Diatoms Dinoflagellates Red, Brown, & Green Algae
- 24. Euglenoids : The Survivors Aquatic Move around like animals Can ingest food from surroundings when light is not available
- 27. Diatoms : The Golden Ones Have shells made of silica (glass) Photosynthetic pigment called carotenoids – give them a golden color
- 30. Dinoflagellates : The Spinning Ones Spin around using two flagella Responsible for Red Tides Create toxins that can kill animals and sometimes people
- 34. Red Algae : The…uh…Red Ones (duh) Seaweeds Multicellular, marine organisms Have red and blue pigments
- 37. Brown Algae : The Brown Ones (You think?) They have air bladders to help them float at the surface – where the light is.
- 40. Green Algae : Yeah, You Guessed it, The Green Ones Most live in fresh water Can be unicellular or multicellular Live alone or in groups called colonies
- 44. Characteristics in Common All form delicate, netlike structures on the surface of their food source Obtain energy by decomposing organic material
- 46. Phyla of Fungus-like Protists Plasmodium Slime Molds Cellular Slime Molds Water Molds & Downy Mildews
- 47. Slime Molds Live in cool moist, shady places where they grow on damp, organic matter
- 48. Plasmodium Slime Molds Form plasmodium : a mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes – its feeding stage Creeps by amoeboid movement – 2.5 cm/hour
- 49. Plasmodium continued… May reach more than a meter in diameter Form reproductive structures when surroundings dry up Spores are dispersed by the wind and grow into new plasmodium
- 52. Cellular Slime Molds In feeding mode, they exist as individual amoebic cells When food becomes scarce, they come together with thousands of their own kind to reproduce May look like a plasmodium
- 56. Water Molds and Downy Mildews Live in water or moist places Feed on dead organisms or parasitize plants Fuzzy white growths
- 59. That’s All