Protolcols in communication system
- 1. PROTOCOL Formal standards, policies, rules, Procedures, Formats, that define communication between two or more devices over a network.
- 3. HTTP-Application layer • Each time you open a Web browser to surf the Internet, you are using HTTP over TCP/IP. Hyper Text transfer Protocol
- 4. • When a user select a hyperlink,or write for web page on address bar ,HTTP contact to the server to respond the request with action. • Server accepts the request and respond to perform the action. • The functions performed by server through HTTP is to *store, process and deliver web pages to clients. * Reading a web page *scripting on website -Web script, for adding dynamic capabilities to World Wide Web pages *Loading markup pages *acting like a browser *Posting CGI request The common gateway interface (CGI) is a standard way for a Web server to pass a Web user's request to an application program and to receive data back to forward to the user. HTTP-Application layer
- 5. HTTP also provides access to other Internet Protocol like- FTP,SMTP,NNTP,WAIS,Gopher,Telnet
- 6. • Used to transfer files between computers on a network. • Port 20 and 21 is the connection created during an FTP session. • FTP commonly used for uploading pages to a website and for providing online file archieves.
- 8. • Transfer text and binary files. The "Binary" transfer mode of FTP copies files exactly, byte for byte • Appending,renaming,and deleting files • Reading and making directories • Supply file information • Provide knowledge about password • Transfering large files
- 9. An Interactive FTP Session • To start an FTP interactive session type "ftp" from a DOS Command window. • C:> ftp The DOS prompt should be replaced with the FTP prompt. The FTP program is now running on the local system. A connection (or session) to a remote system has not been established. • The help command or ? (question mark) may be executed without being attached to a remote system and will do a print (usually to the screen) of the FTP commands. The following is an example of an FTP Command to display the FTP Help information. • Commands may be abbreviated. Commands are: ! delete literal prompt send ? debug ls put status append dir mdelete pwd trace ascii disconnect mdir quit type bell get mget quote user binary glob mkdir recv verbose bye hash mls remotehelp cd help mput rename close lcd open rmdir • ftp>quit
- 10. • A software that controls the movement of messages across the Internet
- 11. • Envelops and addresses the data,read the data and forward to destination computer. • Defines size of packet • Verifies packet received at destination • Reassembles the data. • You can create clients. • You can create servers.
- 12. SLIP-Serial Line Internet Protocol
- 13. • An older protocol replaced by PPP. • Used to transmit IP packets over serial lines and telephones. • Designed to just handle TCP/IP traffic. • Must know IP address . • Doesn’t provide data compression and error correction that’s why being replaced. SLIP-Serial Line Internet Protocol
- 15. • SLIP is a TCP/IP protocol used for communication between two machines that are previously configured for communication with each other. • It is a simple Internet link protocol conducting neither address or error control, this is the reason that it is quickly becoming obsolete in comparison to PPP. SLIP-Serial Line Internet Protocol
- 16. PPP-Point To Point • Handles error detection • Support multiple protocols allows
- 17. NNTP-Network News Transfer Protocol • An application protocol used for transporting Usenet news articles between news servers and for reading and posting articles by end user client applications.
- 18. TELNET-Telecommunication Network • Protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection.
- 19. To enable Telnet command line utilities: Click Start > Control Panel. Click Programs and Features. Click Turn Windows features on or off. In the Windows Features dialog box, check the Telnet Client check box. Click OK. The system installs the appropriate files. This will take a few seconds to a minute. To open a Telnet session: Click Start. Enter cmd in the Search field in the Start menu. A command prompt is displayed. Type telnet and press ENTER. The Telnet> prompt is displayed.
- 20. FAX MACHINE • The original document is scanned with a fax machine(or a telecopier), which processes the contents (text or images) as a single fixed graphic image, converting it into a bitmap, and then transmitting it through the telephone system in the form of audio-frequency tones.
- 21. Wireless Mobile Protocols • Mobile devices typically use radio waves to communicate with other devices and networks. • Mobile communication protocols use multiplexing to send information. • Multiplexing is a method to combine multiple digital or analog signals into one signal over the data channel. • This ensures optimum utilization of expensive resource and time.
- 22. Mobile communication protocols *Laptops, smartphones and personal digital assistants are some examples of mobile devices. *Due to their portable nature, mobile devices connect to networks wirelessly. *Mobile devices typically use radio waves to communicate with other devices and networks. *Mobile communication protocols use multiplexing to send information. *Multiplexing is a method to combine multiple digital or analog signals into one signal over the data channel. *At the destination these signals are de-multiplexed to recover individual signals. *Types followed FDM ,TDM ,CDMA
- 24. GSM • GSM is the only type of cellular service available across the world. • It was developed in Europe in 1980s and is now international standard in Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa. • Any GSM handset with a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card can be used in any country . • Every SIM card has a unique identification number. It has memory (8 kb,16kb,32kb,64kb,256kb)to store applications and data like phone numbers, processor to carry out its functions and software to send and receive messages • GSM technology uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) to support up to eight calls simultaneously. It also uses encryption to make the data more secure. • The frequencies used by the international standard is 900 MHz to 1800 MHz
- 26. • refers to any of several protocols used in (2G) and (3G) • a digital cellular technology • a channel access method used by several radio communication technologies • generally used for mobile communication. • he technology is used in ultra-high-frequency (UHF) cellular telephone systems • bands ranging between the 800-MHz and 1.9- GHz.
- 29. WLL-Wireless Local Loop #Also called – RITL-Radio in the Loop – FRA –Fixed Radio access #connects subscribers to PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) #This includes Cordless access system
- 30. GPRS-General Packet radio Service
- 31. • a service within the GSM network • a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication • a packet-based wireless communication service that promises data rates up to 115Kbps • GPRS is an upgrade over the basic features of GSM • Suited for sending and receiving small burst of data(broadcasting a compressed message at a very high data signaling rate within a very short transmission time.)