Public speaking Public Relations

Public Speaking is…
is the process and act of speaking or giving
a lecture to a group of people in a
structured, deliberate manner intended to
inform, influence, or entertain a listening
audience. Public speaking is commonly
understood as a face-to-face talk between
individuals and an audience for the purpose
of communication. It is closely allied to
"presenting", although the latter is more often
associated with commercial activity. Most of
the time, public speaking is to persuade the
audience.

• A vital means of civic engagement;
• A way to express your ideas and to have
an impact on issues that matter in a
democratic society;
• A form of empowerment, and
• It can and often does make a difference in
things people care about very much.

Orator - a term to designate
someone with special skills in public
speaking.
Eloquence has always been highly
prized.

A good speech could be:
clear, well reasoned, articulate,
thoughtful, compelling, witty, touching,
convincing, and believable.

These are among the
most important skills you
will need for public speaking:
A. Organizing your thoughts logically;
B. Tailoring your message to your audience;
C. Telling a story for maximum impact, and
D. Adapting to listener feedback;

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
PUBLIC SPEAKING
AND CONVERSATION
•Public speaking is more highly
structured;
• requires more formal language,
and
• requires a different method of
delivery.

Training in public speaking can…
make you a more adept
communicator in a variety of
situations, such as:
•conversations;
•classroom discussions;
•business meetings, and
•interviews

THINGS TO PREVENT:
• stock phrases
A phrase frequently or habitually used by a
person or group, and thus associated with them.
Bart Simpson's stock phrase "I didn't do it."
• casual posture
 Swaying, rocking, and pacing
 Hands in pockets
 Lip smacking
 Fidgeting
 Failure to be audience-centered
• vocalized pauses
 Verbal fillers
◦"ahh..., uhh..., umm..." and, “like”

THINGS TO DO:
•Adjust your voice to be heard
clearly throughout the audience;
• Assume a more formal posture ；
•Avoid distracting mannerisms and
verbal habits.

DEVELOPING CONFIDENCE:
•Battle your stage fright
• Nervousness is normal, even
desirable at the start of a speech;
•Use your nervousness to your
advantage, to put your butterflies
to good use.

How can we control our
nervousness and make it work for
us rather than against us? How to
turn it into
Positive
nervousness

POSITIVE NERVOUSNESS
An enthusiastic, lively feeling with a
slight edge to it.
The controlled nervousness that
helps energize a speaker; not
victimized by it, but vitalized by it.

THE WAYS ARE:
A. Acquire speaking experience;
B. Prepare, prepare, prepare;
C. Think positively;
D. Use the power of visualization;
E. Know that most nervousness is not visible, and
F. Don’t expect perfection.

REMEMBER…
Speechmaking is not a
kind of performance,
but an act of
communication.

PRE-SPEECH PREP:
A. Be at your best physically and mentally;
B. Tighten and relax your leg muscles or squeeze your
hands together and then release them;
C. Take a couple of slow, deep breaths before you start to
speak;
D. Work especially hard on your introduction.

• E. Make eye contact with members of your audience;
and
• F. Concentrate on communicating with your audience
rather than on worrying about your stage fright.

REFERENCE
The Art of Public Speaking (8th edition)
　- Stephen E. Lucas

Public speaking Public Relations

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Public speaking Public Relations