![Pullulan Proposal
Oral Care Applications
As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, pullulan is used in various breath
freshener or oral hygiene products such as Listerine Cool Mint.
Listerine is one of the most popular mouthwashes sold in the United States.[1]
Originally marketed by the Lambert Pharmacal Company (which later became
Warner-Lambert), it is currently manufactured and distributed by
Johnson and Johnson since that company's acquisition of Pfizer's consumer
healthcare division in late December 2006.
Listerine Whitening rinse, new Listerine
Fluoride rinse (Listerine Tooth Defense),
Listerine Agent Cool Blue (children's plaque
disclosing rinse), PocketPaks, and PocketMist.
In September 2007, Listerine began selling their
own brand of self-dissolving teeth whitening
strips.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pullulan-250112053607-ead48e1e/85/Pullulan-production-with-different-substratesptx-20-320.jpg)
Pullulan production with different substratesptx
- 1. Recycling of dates and date fruit by-products by Microbial fermentations to valuable and sustainable products Product Substrate Microorganisms Reference Bioplymers Xanthan gum Date palm juice Xanthomonas campestris Besbes et al. (2006) Date palm juice X. campestris NRRL B-1459 Salah et al. (2010) Polyhydroxybutrate (PHB ) Date syrup Bacillus megaterium Omar et al. (2001) Curdlan Date palm juice Rhizobium radiobacter ATCC 6466 Salah et al. (2011) Pullulan Date and Date extract Aureobasidium pullulan Keto et al., (1973) Carotenoids Date syrup Lactobacillus plantarum QS3 Elsanhoty et al. (2012 Biofuel Hydrogen Rotten date E. coli EGY Abd-Alla et al. (2011) Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824 Abd-Alla et al. (2011) Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM 1710 Abd-Alla et al., 2011 Ethanol Date extract Saccharomyces cerevisae ATCC 36858 Gupta and Kushwaha (2011) S. cerevisae STAR brand Gupta and Kushwaha (2011) Date wastes Saccharomyces cerevisiae SDB Acourene and Ammouche (2012) Butanol Spoiled date fruit Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824 Abd-Alla and El-Enany, 2012 Bacillus subtilis DSM 4451 Abd-Alla and El-Enany (2012) Biosurfactant Date molasses Bacillus subtilis 20B Al-Bahry et al., 2012
- 2. Organic acids Citric acid Date extract/molasses Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275 & 9642 Mehyar et al. (2005) Date wastes Aspergillus niger ANSS-B5 Acourene and Ammouche (2012) Lactic acid Date juice Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus Nancib et al. (2001) Date juice) Lactobacillus delbrucki Yadav et al. (2011 Amino acid Glutamic acid Date fruit waste Corynebacterium glutamicum CECT 690 & CECT77 Davati et al. (2007) Date fruit waste) Corynebacterium glutamicum CECT 690 Tavakkoli et al. (2012 Biomass Baker’s yeast Dates sugars Saccharomyces cerevisae (I) Khan et al. (1995) S. dastorianus NRRL Y12693 Khan et al. (1995) S. cerevisae (III) Khan et al., 1995 S. dayanus NRRL Y-12624 Khan et al., 1995 S. cerevisae NRRL Y-12632 Khan et al., 1995 S. lodgwii Nancib et al., 1997
- 3. Probiotics Lactobacilli Date powder Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 Shahravy et al. (2012) Antibiotics Bleomycin Date syrup Streptomyces mobaraensis Radwan et al. (2010 Oxytetracycline Date-coat sugar extract & date-seed hydrolysate Streptomyces rimosus Abou-Zeid et al. (1993) Enzymes Pectinase Date syrup Bacillus subtilis EFRL 01 Qureshi et al. (2012) Endopectinase Date pomace Aspergillus niger PC5 Bari et al. (2010) Alpha amylase Date wastes Candida guilliermondii CGL-A10 Acourene and Ammouche (2012)
- 4. Project Proposal : Pullulan Proposal
- 5. Pullulan Proposal What is Pullulan ? Pullulan is a natural polysaccharide excreted by the Marine Black Yeast: Aureobasidium pullulans It is a biopolymer with a multitude of demonstrated practical applications, available as a white powder, odorless, flavorless and highly stable
- 6. Pullulan Proposal What are the properties of Pullulan ? The unique linkage pattern in Pullulan is responsible for the structural flexibility and solubility of pullulan, resulting in distinct film and fiber – forming characteristics, not exhibited by other polysaccharides. Pullulan is edible, biodegradable and non hygroscopic and dissolve readily in hot or cold water. Pullulan solutions are of relatively low viscosity; viscosity is stable to heating, changes in pH and most metal ions, including sodium chloride Pullulan films are clear, highly oxygen-impermeable and have excellent mechanical properties Underivatized films readily dissolve in water , and melt in the mouth
- 7. Pullulan Proposal What are the applications of Pullulan ? Cosmetic Applications Food Applications Pharma Applications Oral Care Applications
- 8. Pullulan Proposal Cosmetic Applications Viscosity Pullulan dissolves freely in water to give a highly stable solution. In comparison with other soluble polysaccharides, Pullulan is easy to use, owing to its low viscosity Polysaccharides Viscosity (cps) Pullulan 1-2 Gum arabic 1-5 Methyl Cellulose 200 Tamarind Green 200 Sodium alginate 200-700 CMC 300-1000 Guar Gum 2000-3000 Locust Bean Gum 2000-3000 Xanthan Gum 2000-3000 Note: 1% solutions at 300 C
- 9. Pullulan Proposal Cosmetic Applications pH Viscosity (mm2 /s) 3 110 5 111 7 112 9 113 11 115 Note: 1% solutions at 300 C Pullulan solution does not gel or retrograde. Viscosity of pullulan solution is stable to heating, changes in pH and most metal ions. pH stability
- 10. Pullulan Proposal Cosmetic Applications Metallic ion (100ppm) Viscosity (cps) (Conc.20%) None 51 Fe2+ 52 Cu2+ 55 Ca2+ 60 Mn2+ 55 Pullulan is extremely stable, forms no gel in the presence of inorganic salts and retains viscosity over prolonged periods Stability – Inorganic salt NaCl Conc. Viscosity (cps) (Conc.20%) 0 150 5 160 10 165 15 175 20 180
- 11. Pullulan Proposal Oxygen Permeability Cosmetic Applications Test pieces of pullulan & other material based films were tested for oxygen permeability in a gas permeability test equipment. Oxygen permeability of pullulan film was significantly lower than those of other films. (resists penetration by oils)
- 12. Pullulan Proposal Other features Cosmetic Applications Foam retention ability when dissolved in water Provide smoother texture to cosmetic products Readily soluble in water, makes it easy to use in shampoos, hair conditioners, shower gels, bathing products and other “wash away” products. Low viscosity with high adhesion Delivers actives Stable in formulations
- 13. Pullulan Proposal Products with Pullulan Cosmetic Applications “luxury anti-ageing productsâ
- 14. Product Decoration Pullulan Film is strong and its shape is retained during printing. This ensures high quality images that are readily be achieved when used in confectionery and bakery products. Use with bakery products plus picture Food Applications Pullulan Proposal
- 15. Decoration Pullulan Film can be used innovatively in sugar confectionery. As the film is formed it can be readily colored and flavored and finely comminuted. The small pieces of colored and flavored film can be added to the confection to provide product uniqueness. Food Applications Pullulan Proposal
- 16. Ideal carrier system As pullulan film is formed it can be used to entrap flavors, colors and other active ingredients. Due to its excellent oxygen barrier properties these ingredients are effectively stabilized in the film is formed. The film can then be cut to any size. Such technology provides an innovative and ‘easy to use’ carrier and delivery system for a wide variety of ingredients. Furthermore as flavors are sealed in the film matrix such technology provides a means to deliver highly pungent materials which would otherwise need to be segregated. Coatings Pullulan solutions which are odorless and flavorless can be used as a coating for a wide range of food products to improve appearance, reduce blemishes and increase shelf life. Food Applications Pullulan Proposal
- 17. Pullulan Proposal Food Applications Food products with Pullulan includes: Confectionary(cookies, doughnuts, wafers etc. Salad dressings Artificial rice and noodles Sauces and Gravies Milk based Desserts Sweet syrups Frozen food products. Pickled foods Soup solids Condiments, seasoning Chewing gums Jams and jellies Cheeses
- 18. Pullulan Proposal Pharma Applications Pullulan can be formed into capsules. Its excellent oxygen barrier properties ensure that the shelf life of products is optimized. Its non animal origin ensures there is no safety concerns with consumers and its suitability for all consumer groups. Pullulan is an excellent tabletting excipient
- 19. Pullulan Proposal Pharma Applications When used in a top coat, Pullulan's adhesive properties significantly increases the strength and resilience of the coating reducing damage during transport and distribution.
- 20. Pullulan Proposal Oral Care Applications As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, pullulan is used in various breath freshener or oral hygiene products such as Listerine Cool Mint. Listerine is one of the most popular mouthwashes sold in the United States.[1] Originally marketed by the Lambert Pharmacal Company (which later became Warner-Lambert), it is currently manufactured and distributed by Johnson and Johnson since that company's acquisition of Pfizer's consumer healthcare division in late December 2006. Listerine Whitening rinse, new Listerine Fluoride rinse (Listerine Tooth Defense), Listerine Agent Cool Blue (children's plaque disclosing rinse), PocketPaks, and PocketMist. In September 2007, Listerine began selling their own brand of self-dissolving teeth whitening strips.
- 22. Pullulan Proposal Competitor Info Commercial production of pullulan began in 1976 by the Hayashibara Company in Okayama, Japan. It was a natural outgrowth of Hayashibara’s original business of starch syrup production, founded in 1883. The company remains the principle commercial source of pullulan today. Pullulan production at Hayashibara is approximately 300MT PA. Food grade pullulan (PF-20) wholesales in Japan for $20/kg and pharmaceutical grade (demonized) pullulan ( PI-20) sells for $ 25/kg (Ref.personal communication, S.Endo, Hayashibara; Appl Microbiol Biotechnol) Hayashibara Pullulan Price (per kg) in India : USD 45. Communication received over mail from Hayashibara India Office
- 23. Pullulan Proposal Competitor info cntd. Yurui (Shanghai) Chemical Co.Ltd. China Capacity: 48 MT per annum Per Kg Pullulan : FOB USD 30 -100 (as per the purity levels). Online quote received (other Chinese reported; need to check if genuine)
- 24. Product development scheme: Pullulan Downstream Viability Viable Non viable Fermentation Non productive Productive Procurement of Organism Inferior quality Optimization Targeted quality Targeted cost Non viable cost Transfer to Pilot Plant Pullulan Proposal
- 25. Pullulan Proposal Anticipated problems vs Solutions No Problems Solutions 1 Availability of producer organism (Isolation or procurement) Organisms available at ATCC, MTCC and NCL 2 Availability of Upstream and Downstream facilities (Ultra filtration; drum drying) Can manage with evaporation and alcohol precipitation at lab scale; 3 Color problem Decolorizing twin bed resins 4 Analytical issues Assay method reported is enzyme assay; Molecular weight by Viscometer.
- 26. Pullulan Proposal The color hurdle…..
- 27. Pullulan Proposal Process outline Fermentation Micro filtration Decolorization Resin purification Ultra filtration Milling PPtn/ spray drying
- 28. Pullulan Proposal List of raw materials Dates and Date wastes Corn syrup/wastes from date industry Yeast extract Ammonium sulphate Diammonium phosphate Dipotassium phosphate Magnesium sulphate Sodium Chloride Silicone oil Hyflow (Filtration aid) HCl NaOH Activated Carbon Ion exchange resins Ethanol/ Methanol Water
- 29. Pullulan Proposal Planning Calendar:Product Development Procurements, Literature survey Get the product out of fermentation Match the target Quality Optimize the process Cost reduction & fine tuning Transfer to pilot plant; Samples from lab scale batches ; Product brochure and related literature