Pulse-Code-Modulation for master-PCM.ppt
- 1. 1 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
- 2. 2 Outline - Analogue to Digital conversion. - Sampling (PCM). - Pulse Code Modulation Advantages.
- 3. 3 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a technique to convert analog data to digital signal.
- 4. 4 Why’s to Analog to Digital Conversion - A digital signal is superior to an analog signal. - Digital is less prone to noise and distortion. - We can’t use analog signals for long distance (lose their strength, which means amplifiers are needed to amplify signal. However the amplifier creates distortion in the signal and adds some noise). - The tendency today is to change an analog signal (such as audio ,voice and music) to digital data. .
- 5. 5 Analog to Digital Conversion • The idea of digitizing analog signal started with telephone companies, to provide long distance services; They digitized the analog signal at the sender; The signal is converted back to analog at the receiver. - Pulse Code Modulation (PCM): 1- Sampling (PAM). 2- Quantization. 3- Binary encoding
- 6. 1. Sampling (PAM) • The first step in PCM is sampling. • The analog signal is sampled at equal interval, every Ts s (sample interval)
- 7. 1. Sampling PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation)
- 8. 8 2. Quantized PAM Signal • The result of PAM is a series of pulses with amplitude values between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the signal with real values. • Quantization: is a method of assigning integer values in a specific range to sampled instances.
- 9. 9 3. Binary Encoding - Each quantized samples is translated into equivalent binary codes .
- 10. 10 4. Output Encoding - The binary digits are then transformed to a digital signal using one of the line encoding.
- 11. Components of PCM Encoder
- 12. Pulse Code Modulation Advantages 1. Analog signal can be transmitted over a high speed digital communication system. 2. Probability of occurring error will reduce by the use of appropriate coding methods. 3. PCM is used in Telkom system, digital audio recording, digitized video special effects, digital video, voice mail. 4. PCM is also used in Radio control units as transmitter and also receiver for remote controlled cars, boats, planes. 5. The PCM signal is more resistant to interference than normal signal.
- 13. Any Questions ?