PVR Module 7
- 1. ETHNICITY DEFINED A sense of identification associated with a cultural group’s common social & cultural heritage. Complex, elusive, & not always clearly defined. People from the same ethnic group often have a sense of uniqueness.
- 2. ETHNICITY CHARACTERISTICS Common language & dialect Migratory status Race Religious faith & practices Traditions, values, symbols, & literature Folklore, music & food preferences
- 3. CULTURE DEFINED There is not a single definition of culture. Culture is the sum total of learned ways of doing, feeling, & thinking. A form of conditioning that shows itself through behavior. Influences the manner in which the patient & nurse relate to each other in varied situations.
- 4. CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS Represents nonphysical traits, such as values, beliefs, attitudes & customs. Culture is also the sum of beliefs, practices, habits, likes, dislikes, norms, customs, & rituals learned from the family during the years of socialization.
- 5. DRAW DIAGRAM ON BOARD SOCIALIZATION: Extended family, place reared, visits home, raised with extended family, name. CULTURAL: Extended family, participation in folk ways, language. RELIGIOUS: Extended family, Church membership & participation, historical beliefs ETHNIC: Extended family, resides in “ethnic” community, participates in “folk ways”, socializes with members of same ethnic group, identifies as “ethnic-American”.
- 7. PREJUDICE DEFINED A preconceived judgment or opinion formed without factual knowledge. Irrational hostility, hatred, or suspicion of a particular group, race, or religion.
- 8. PREJUDICE Question????? Does prejudice have an impact on nurses’ giving appropriate health care? Question????? Does prejudice have an impact on receiving appropriate health care? Nurse prejudice vs Patient prejudice
- 9. LANGUAGE BARRIERS Language differences are possibly the most important factor in providing trans-cultural nursing care because these differences impact all stages of the nursing process.\ If a patient does not speak the nurse’s language, a translator is necessary.
- 10. RESEARCH PROJECT Methods of improving the response of ethnic clients to health care systems.
- 11. FINANCIAL BARRIERS No/poor insurance coverage Access to quality health care Purchasing power (supplies/equipment) Preventive services Food vs health care Patient personal presentation (old clothes)
- 12. RELIGION & SPIRITUALITY Many nurses have difficulty differentiating spirituality from religion. The two terms are frequently used interchangeably – and certainly there is a relationship.
- 13. RELIGION Religion is commonly associated with the “state of doing” or a specific unified system of practices associated with a particular denomination or form of worship. A system of organized beliefs & worship that a person practices to outwardly demonstrate his/her spirituality.
- 14. SPIRITUALITY The need for meaning runs deep in each person. This deep need for meaning is connected to spirituality. Individuals definitions of spirituality are influenced by their own culture, life experiences, development, & ideas about life.
- 15. SPIRITUALITY A unifying theme in our lives A state of being
- 16. RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ABOUT HEALTH HINDUISM (Accepts modern medical science) Illness is caused by past sins; prolonging life is discouraged SIKHISM (Accepts modern medical science) Females need to be examined by females; removing undergarments will cause great distress
- 17. RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ABOUT HEALTH (cont’d) BUDDHISM (Accepts modern medical science) May refuse treatment on Holy Days; nonhuman spirits invading the body cause illness; may want a Buddhist priest; may permit withdrawal of life support; does not practice euthanasia.
- 18. RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ABOUT HEALTH (cont’d) SHINTO (Accepts modern medical treatments along with ancient traditions) Will not allow treatments that “appear” to injure the body ISLAM (Must be able to practice the Five Pillars of Islam; May have a fatalistic view of health) Family members are a comfort; group prayer is strengthening; may withdraw life support; does not practice euthanasia
- 19. Five Pillars of Islam 1. There is no god but God (allah) 2. The formal prayer (Salat) is done 5X/Day facing east toward Mecca (dawn, noon, midafternoon, sunset, evening) 3. Help the poor thru tax or charity 4. Fast from dawn until sunset during Ramadan 5. A pilgrimage (Haji) to Mecca must be taken once in a lifetime, unless health or poverty precludes it.
- 20. RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ABOUT HEALTH (cont’d) JUDAISM (Believes in the sanctity of life; God & medicine must have a balance; Observance of the Sabbath is important) They are obligated to seek care; euthanasia is forbidden; life supports are discouraged CHRISTIANITY (Accepts modern medical science) Uses prayer, faith healing; appreciates visits from clergy
- 21. RELIGIOUS PRACTICES Asian: Coining Baha’i: Fasting Catholicism: Baptism Jehovah Witness: Blood products Judaism: Foods Latter Day Saints (Morman): Holy garment Native American: Totems
- 22. ACCOMMODATING SOCIALIZATION If a patient experiences cultural, religious or spiritual distress, or has a health problem that causes disconnectedness, loneliness can occur. Both the patient & the nurse must feel free to let go & discover together the meaning illness poses for the client & the impact it has on the meaning/purpose of life.
- 23. TOOLS TO ACCOMMODATE SOCIALIZATION Establish Presence: Patients have reported that the presence of nurses & their caregiving activities contributes to a sense of well-being & provides hope for recovery Prayer: The act of prayer is a form of “self-dedication” that allows an individual to commune with God or a higher being
- 24. SOCIALIZATION TOOLS (cont’d) Supporting a Healing Relationship: An expert nurse learns to look beyond isolated patient problems & recognizes the broader picture of a patient’s needs. This is applying a holistic view toward a patient’s health concerns or problems. Support Systems: provided the patient with the greatest sense of well-being.
- 25. SOCIALIZATION TOOLS (cont’d) Diet Therapies: Food & nutrition are important aspects of nursing care. Food is also an important component of religious observances Supporting Rituals: For many patients, the ability to exercise religious rituals is an important coping resource.
- 26. LPN ROLE IN MEETING SOCIALIZATION NEEDS Question????? Do LPN’s have a responsibility to meet patients’ cultural, ethnical, & religious/spiritual needs?