The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the two legs. It is written as A2 + B2 = C2, where C is the hypotenuse and A and B are the legs. The distance formula calculates the distance between two points in coordinates by taking the difference of the x-coordinates squared plus the difference of the y-coordinates squared, then finding the square root of the total. It is written as √(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2. Both the Pythagorean theorem and distance formula are demonstrated through example problems to show how to calculate unknown sides or
