QA Fest 2019. Диана Пинчук. Тестирование аутентификации и авторизации (AuthN & AuthZ): это не только логин форма
- 1. KYIV 2019 AuthN & AuthZ testing: it’s not only about the login form QA CONFERENCE #1 IN UKRAINE
- 2. Agenda What’s the difference Authentication and its spectrum Authorization and OAuth 2.0 Identity and Access Management (IAM) and Keycloak Conclusions and trivia quiz
- 3. Work at Very Good Security Organize QA Club Lviv Write on Medium About me
- 4. To stop confusing it It’s everywhere... and probably in your product You were asked to test a login form at an interview Why do we talk about it?
- 6. A2:2017-Broken Authentication (AuthN) A5:2017-Broken Access Control (AuthZ) OWASP 2017 TOP 10
- 7. OWASP API Security TOP 10 (end of 2019) A1: Broken Object Access Level Control (AuthZ) A2: Broken Authentication (AuthN) A5: Missing Function/Resource Level Access Control
- 8. Even big companies fu*k up: Apple
- 9. Even big companies fu*k up: Reddit
- 11. Authentication (AuthN) Is it really you? Authorization (AuthZ) Who you are and what you can do
- 12. Boring theory Authentication is the process of ascertaining that somebody really is who they claim to be. Authorization refers to rules that determine who is allowed to do what.
- 14. Authentication (AuthN) Is it really you?
- 15. Boring theory Authentication is the act of proving an assertion, such as the identity of a computer system user. In contrast with identification, the act of indicating a person or thing's identity, authentication is the process of verifying that identity.
- 16. AuthN spectrum
- 17. AuthN spectrum - Passwords - Cookies - Single Sign-On - Restrict Where and When Users Can Log In - Two-Factor Authentication - Certificate-Based Authentication - Network-based security
- 18. AuthN factors
- 19. MFA (Multi-factor authentication) Multi-factor authentication involves two or more authentication factors (something you know, something you have, or something you are)
- 20. MFA: phone-based methods - Push-based - QR code based - One-time password (OTP) - event-based - time-based - SMS-based verification => avoid it!
- 21. MFA: phone-based methods - Push-based - QR code based - One-time password (OTP) - event-based - time-based - SMS-based verification Reddit issue
- 22. Biometric AuthN
- 25. Single Sign-On (SSO) Log in with a single ID and password to gain access to any of several related systems - reduces password fatigue - reduces IT costs - less time spent re-entering passwords - mitigates risk for access to 3rd-party sites
- 26. AuthN security
- 27. OWASP Testing Guide 1. Credentials Transported over an Encrypted Channel 2. Default credentials 3. Weak lock out mechanism 4. Bypassing Authentication Schema 5. Vulnerable Remember Password 6. Browser cache weakness 7. Weak password policy 8. Weak security question/answer 9. Weak password change or reset functionalities 10.Weaker authentication in alternative channel
- 28. OWASP Testing Guide 1. Credentials Transported over an Encrypted Channel 2. Default credentials Apple issue 3. Weak lock out mechanism 4. Bypassing Authentication Schema 5. Vulnerable Remember Password 6. Browser cache weakness 7. Weak password policy 8. Weak security question/answer 9. Weak password change or reset functionalities 10.Weaker authentication in alternative channel
- 29. Rainbow tables attack Huge databases of precomputed hashes User Password Password hash (SHA1) Alice password 5baa61e4c9b93f3f0682250b6cf8331b 7ee68fd8 Bob qjnN@*)!bsk dd3fb7f5e7e0b00e0794f0c73d5f3ba5 7197be24 Carrie my_p@s$w0rd! 700c311f7fe171eca2d0bc8f1e13bfa28 8944539 James qwerty123 5cec175b165e3d5e62c9e13ce848ef6f eac81bff
- 30. Useful links OWASP cheat sheet http://bit.ly/2NuEqEq Have I been pwned https://haveibeenpwned.com/ Great self-security checklist from Volodymyr Styran https://github.com/sapran/dontclickshit
- 32. Authorization (AuthZ) Who you are and what you can do
- 33. Authorization Authorization is the function of specifying access rights/ privileges to resources, which is related to information security and computer security in general and to access control in particular.
- 35. AuthZ methods Access Control lists (ACL) Access controls of URLs Secure objects and methods
- 36. Access control mechanisms ● Attribute-based access control (ABAC) ● Role-based access control (RBAC) ● User-based access control (UBAC) ● Context-based access control (CBAC) ● Rule-based access control ● Time-based access control ...and a lot more
- 37. RBAC
- 39. OAuth 2.0
- 40. OAuth 2.0 It’s an authorization delegation protocol, letting someone who controls the a recourse allow a software application to access that resource on their behalf without impersonating them. It enables a third-party application to obtain limited access to an HTTP service
- 41. OAuth 2.0 is ...about how to get the token and how to use the token ...replaces the password-sharing antipattern with a delegation protocol that’s simultaneously more secure and more usable ...focused on a small set of problems and solving them well
- 43. Trust on first use (TOFU) principle Enter credentials and permissions once Assume correct for future requests May expire over time or user logging May apply across apps
- 44. Different levels of trust Whitelist Internal parties Known business partners Customer organizations Trust frameworks ● Centralized protocol ● Traditional policy management Graylist Unknown entities Trust on first use ● End user decisions ● Extensive auditing and logging ● Rules on when to move to the white or black lists Blacklist Known bad parties Attack sites ● Centralized protocol ● Traditional policy management
- 45. Tokens Access token - indicates the rights that the client has been delegated. Have an option to expire automatically Refresh token - get new access token without asking for authorization again.
- 47. Tokens Bearer token - anyone who carries the token has the right to use it.
- 48. Scopes A set of rights at the protected resource. Scopes always limit what an app can do on behalf of a user https://auth0.com/blog/on-the-nature-of-oauth2-scopes/
- 49. OAuth 2.0 and AuthN OAuth doesn’t dictate the AuthN technology, and AuthZ server is free to choose any method. The user authentication passes directly between the user (and their browser) and the AuthZ server; it’s never seen by the client application.
- 51. AuthZ security
- 52. OAuth 2.0 Security A client needs to manage securing only its own client credentials and the user’s tokens. And the breach of a single client would be bad but limited in its damage to the users of that client.
- 53. OWASP Testing Guide 1. Directory traversal/file include 2. Bypassing Authorization Schema 3. Privilege escalation 4. Insecure Direct Object References
- 54. Useful links OWASP http://bit.ly/31Zo4Hz and http://bit.ly/2MI6NPV OAuth 2.0 security spec http://bit.ly/2P95zyR IDOR testing http://bit.ly/2P95Bqt
- 55. AuthZ + AuthN = IAM (Identity and Access Management)
- 56. Access Management Authentication ● Single Sign-On ● Session Management ● Password Service ● Strong Authentication Authorization ● Role-Based ● Rule-Based ● Attribute-Based ● Remote Authorization User Management ● Delegated Administration ● User and Role Management ● Provisioning ● Password Management ● Self Service Central User Repository ● Directory ● Data Synchronization ● Meta Directory ● Virtual Directory Identity Management Identity and Access Management (IAM): Providing the right people with the right access at the right time
- 57. IAM best practices - Immutable Private Identifiers / Mutable Public Identifiers - Decouple Core Information and PII from Transactional Data - Decouple Biometrics from other PII - Externalize Access Control Rules - Self-Expressive Credentials - Privilege Accounts are a Different Species https://medium.facilelogin.com/ten-iam-design-principles-57351b6c69b2
- 58. Practice time!
- 59. Try on your own Keycloak https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/getting_started/index.html
- 62. Conclusions
- 63. Authentication (AuthN) Is it really you? Authorization (AuthZ) Who you are and what you can do
- 65. Conclusions For better understanding dig into system Use heuristics to remember smth Use cheat sheets and don’t trust your memory Update your passwords and turn on MFA today
- 66. Practice before the next interview
- 68. Use `big list of naughty strings` https://github.com/minimaxir/big-list-of-naughty-strings/