全新的Qt5
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文档介绍了Qt5的新功能和开发模型，强调了模块化和全新的信号-槽语法，使得Qt的开发更加符合现代C++标准。还提到了一系列核心模块和扩展模块，以及开源治理模式的实施，使得任何人都可以参与到Qt项目中来。最后，展示了Qt5在多种平台和设备上的兼容性和优化性能。
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全新的Qt5
- 1. 全新的Qt5 Qt5帶來的全新功能，模塊和開發模型，將使Qt擁有更美好的未來 殷允嶠 Charles Yin developer @ QML Core Team yinyunqiao@gmail.com
- 2. 自我介紹/About me • 殷允嶠 (Charles Yin) • 現居住在澳大利亞昆士蘭州的布里斯班 • 2009年加入Qt Brisbane R&D lab • 曾經參與的項目 1. 短暫維護QtSql模塊 2. Qt Mobility項目中QtContacts, QtOrganizer, QtVersit和 QtFeedback的研發 3. 2010年加入QML Core team, 主要負責QtQuickTest研發和維 護, Canvas組件的設計和實現，QtQuick2 Animation部分的重寫， 並參與部分性能調整的工作 • 聯絡我: gmail/gtalk/facebook yinyunqiao@gmail.com, twitter: yinyunqiao, linkedin: yinyunqiao, IRC@freenode: chayin
- 3. Qt5新開發模型:模塊化 git代碼倉庫 git://gitorious.org/qt/qlalr.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qt3support.git https://codereview.qt-project.org/#admin,projects git://gitorious.org/qt/qtactiveqt.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qtbase.git http://qt.gitorious.org/ git://gitorious.org/qt/qtdeclarative.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qtdoc.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qtmultimedia.git $ git clone git://gitorious.org/qt/qt5.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qtphonon.git $ ./init-repository git://gitorious.org/qt/qtqa.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qtrepotools.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qtscript.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qtsvg.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qttools.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qttranslations.git git://gitorious.org/webkit/qtwebkit.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qtwebkit-examples-and-demos.git git://gitorious.org/qt/qtxmlpatterns.git …
- 4. Qt5基本模塊 / Qt5 Essentials Modules QtWebkit QtMultiMedia QtTest QtSql QtQml QtQuick QtNetwork QtGui QtCore
- 5. QtCore: 全新的信號-槽(Signal-Slot)語法 先來溫習一下傳統的信號/槽語法： connect(sender, SIGNAL(valueChanged(QString,QString)), receiver, SLOT(updateValue(QString)) );
- 6. QtCore: 全新的信號-槽(Signal-Slot)語法 connect(sender, SIGNAL(valueChanged(QString,QString)), receiver, SLOT(updateValue(QString)) ); 問題： • 缺少編譯期語法檢查: 宏 + 字符串 • 對C++類型系統不友好： typedef, namespace, etc. • 潛在的性能損失: 運行時解析字符串
- 7. QtCore: 全新的信號-槽(Signal-Slot)語法 connect(sender, SIGNAL(valueChanged(QString,QString)), receiver, SLOT(updateValue(QString)) ); connect(sender, &Sender::valueChanged, receiver, &Receiver::updateValue );
- 8. QtCore: 全新的信號-槽(Signal-Slot)語法 connect(sender, &Sender::valueChanged, receiver, &Receiver::updateValue ); • 更符合現代C++語法 It’s nicer now! The pervasive use of macros in C is probably the major reason we didn't have excellent C++ development environments a decade ago. - Bjarne Stroustrup
- 9. QtCore: 全新的信號-槽(Signal-Slot)語法 connect(sender, &Sender::valueChanged, receiver, &Receiver::updateValue ); • 編譯期檢查: C++類成員函數指針， 錯誤的信號/槽鏈接將產生 編譯期錯誤而不是運行時警告 • 拼寫錯誤 • 類型不匹配 • 代碼重構 • 將可以更多使用 static_assert： 比如當缺少Q_OBJECT時
- 10. QtCore: 全新的信號-槽(Signal-Slot)語法 connect(sender, &Sender::valueChanged, receiver, &Receiver::updateValue ); • 參數類型自動轉換 class Test : public QObject { Q_OBJECT public: Test() { connect(this, &Test::someSignal, this, &Test::someSlot); } signals: void someSignal(const QString &); public: void someSlot(const QVariant &); };
- 11. QtCore: 全新的信號-槽(Signal-Slot)語法 connect(sender, &Sender::valueChanged, receiver, &Receiver::updateValue ); • 任何函數都可成為槽函數, slot 關鍵字, Q_SLOTS宏都將成為過去 static void someFunction() { qDebug() << "pressed"; } // ... QObject::connect(button, &QPushButton::clicked, someFunction);
- 12. QtCore: 全新的信號-槽(Signal-Slot)語 法 connect(sender, &Sender::valueChanged, receiver, &Receiver::updateValue ); • 使用C++11 lambda匿名函數來編寫槽函數 QObject::connect(dlg, &QDialog::finished, [=](int result) { if (result) { QFile file(dlg->selectedFiles().first()); // ... save document here ... } dlg->deleteLater(); });
- 13. QtCore: C++11 • 使用C++11 lambda匿名函數來編寫槽函數 • 更好的Unicode字符串常量 QStringLiteral • Q_DECL_CONSTEXPR for constexpr • Q_STATIC_ASSERT and Q_STATIC_ASSERT_X • auto • 右值引用/移動構造函數 • More… CONFIG += c++11
- 14. QtCore: JSON • QJsonArray • QJsonDocument • QJsonObject • QJsonParseError • QJsonValue • QJsonObject:iterator 擴展模塊QJsonDB ： 構建在JSON庫之上的高性能Key-Value數據庫
- 15. QtGui QtQuick2 QtWebkit QtQuick1 QWidget Scene graph (in qtdeclarative) QPainter QBacking Store QSurface QOpenGL QFont QImage … QWindow QScreen QOpenGLContext QAccessible QInputMethod QPA (Qt platform abstraction) Win Mac Wayland X11 Symbian Android …
- 16. QtGui: QPA (Qt平台抽象層) 讓Qt可以無處不在的秘密武器! LightHouse項目
- 17. QtGui: QPA (Qt平台抽象層) 唯一的限制是你的想像力！ Qt/Caca http://blog.forwardbias.in/2011/07/q tcaca-lighthouse-plugin.html
- 18. QtGui: QPA (Qt平台抽象層) 使得迅速移植到新的系統平台成為可能！ “Digia plans to quickly enable Qt on Android, iOS and Windows 8 platforms” http://www.digia.com/Qt/About-us/News/Digia-to-Acquire-Qt-from-Nokia/
- 19. QtGui: QPA (Qt平台抽象層) qtbasesrcpluginsplatforms Cocoa Minimal/minimalGL Directfb Qnx Windows Eglfs Xcb Kms Openwfd Linuxfb
- 20. QtGui: QPA (Qt平台抽象層) 通過QPA可以控制的GUI功能： • Event dispatcher • Clipboard • Platform window • Drag • Platform backing store • Input method • Image paint engine • Accessibility • OpenGL context • Platform theme • Font database
- 21. QtGui: QPA (Qt平台抽象層) 編寫自己的QPA plugin? #include <qpa/qplatformintegration.h> class QMyQPAIntegration : public QPlatformIntegration { public: QMyQPAIntegration (); QAbstractEventDispatcher *guiThreadEventDispatcher() const; QPlatformWindow *createPlatformWindow(QWindow *window) const; QPlatformBackingStore *createPlatformBackingStore(QWindow *window) const; bool hasCapability(QPlatformIntegration::Capability cap) const; QPlatformPixmap *createPlatformPixmap(QPlatformPixmap::PixelType type) const; QPlatformOpenGLContext *createPlatformOpenGLContext(QOpenGLContext *context) const; QPaintEngine *createImagePaintEngine(QPaintDevice *paintDevice) const; //… };
- 22. QtGui: OpenGL OpenGL現在是QtGUI的一部分，不再通過 單獨的OpenGL模塊提供 • QOpenGLContext • QOpenGLFramebufferObject • QOpenGLShaderProgram • QOpenGLFunctions • QOpenGLPaintDevice • … 原有的OpenGL類通過單獨的QtOpenGL擴展模塊提供
- 23. QtQml & QtQuick QtQml QtDeclarative QtQuick
- 24. QtQml & QtQuick in Qt4.x QtDeclarative (QML/QtQuick) QGraphicsView QtScript QPainter Raster Engine GL Engine JSC QtGui
- 25. QtQml & QtQuick in Qt5 QtQuick QtQml Scene graph QWindowSurface V8 V4 (OpenGL (ES) 2.0) QtNetwork QtGui QtCore QPA
- 26. QtQml • QML語言核心模塊 • 不再依賴QtQui, 僅依賴QtCore和QtNetwork • 命令行/服務器端QML開發?
- 27. QtQml: Javascript engine • JavascriptCore (JSC) => V8 • QtV8Private (qtjsbackend.git) • 更快，更好的GC，優秀的API設計 • 不再通過QtScript中間層使用Javascript API
- 28. QtQml: V4, QML內部的Binding優化 • 一個輕量級的Javascript引擎 • 僅用於QML property binding優化目的 • 比V8還快得多，也小得多
- 29. QtQml: QML加載和編譯優化 • 加載和編譯均可異步完成 • Qt.createComponent() with Component.Asynchronous • Loader {asynchronous:true}
- 30. QtQml: 其他增強 • property variant => property var • Value types • QColor • Sequence types: QList<int>, QList<qreal>, QList<bool>, QList<QUrl>, QList< QString> and QStringList • Module API • qmlRegisterModuleApi() • Javascript import “.import”
- 31. QtQuick 2.0 How was QtQuick 2.0 developed? s/QDeclarative/QQuick/g
- 32. QtQuick 2.0 • 基於OpenGL scene graph完全重寫全部類 • public C++ APIs • QQuickView • QQuickWindow • QQuickItem • QQuickPaintedItem
- 33. Scene Graph
- 34. Scene Graph QQuickItem::updatePaintNode(…) (Rendering thread) Scene graph rendering nodes (Main thread) QML Items
- 35. Scene Graph Node types: • Root node • Basic node • Geometry node • Transform node • Clip node • Opacity node
- 36. Scene Graph public APIs: • QSGNode and subclasses • QSGNodeVisitor • QSGGeometry • QSGMaterial • QSGMaterialShader • QSGTexture
- 37. QtQuick 2.0 Canvas item import QtQuick 2.0 Canvas { id:canvas width:200 height:200 contextType:”2d” onPaint : { var ctx = context; //or var ctx = canvas.getContext(“2d”); //use the HTML5 context2d API to draw anything you like } }
- 38. QtQuick 2.0 Canvas item • Render targets: Canvas.Image, Canvas.FramebufferObject • Render strategies: Canvas.Immediate, Canvas.Cooperative, Canvas.Threaded • Tiled rendering: tileSize, canvasSize, canvasWindow
- 39. QtQuick 2.0 Animations • 完全重寫，不再依賴QtCore animation framework • 優化內存佔用和執行性能 • 新的動畫元素 • AnimationController • SpriteSequence • Sprite • AnimatedSprite
- 40. QtQuick 2.0 Text • Text Rendering in the QML Scene Graph http://labs.qt.nokia.com/2011/07/15/text-rendering-in-the-qml- scene-graph/
- 41. QtQuick 2.0 粒子動畫系統 Particle System ParticleSystem container/timer ParticlePainter Emmiter render particles create particles Affector alter particles
- 42. QtQuickTest: unit test in QML Write Quickly => Run Quickly => Test Quickly import QtQuick 2.0 import QtTest 1.0 TestCase { name: "BasicTests" function test_pass() { compare(2 + 2, 4, "2 + 2") } }
- 43. QtQuickTest: unit test in QML • TestCase • SignalSpy • Data driven test • QTest compatible APIs • more in qtdeclarativetestsautoqmltest
- 44. Qt5擴展模塊 / Qt5 Add-ons Modules 30+ 擴展模塊：http://qt-project.org/wiki/Qt-Add-ons-Modules 源自 Qt Mobility: QtContacts, QtOrganizer, QtVersit, QtLocation, QtBluetooth, QtSens ors,QtServiceFramework, QtSystemInfo, QtPublishAndSubscribe, Qt Feedback 源自 Qt4.x: QtConcurrent, QtDBus, QtImageFormats, QtOpenGL, QtPrintSupport,QtQuick1, QtScript, QtScriptTools, QtSVG, QtTools, QtWidgets, QtXML, QtXMLPatterns, QtWebkitWidgets 新增: Qt3D, QtGraphicalEffects, QtJsbackend, QtWayland, QtJsonDB
- 45. Demos
- 46. New QML Demos in Qt5 OpenGL Shaders Distance Field High-Quality Anti-Aliasing
- 47. New QML Demos in Qt5 Qt5自帶QML演示程序 • Shader effects • Animated sprites • Particle system • Canvas • Animations • Localstorage • XMLHttpRequest Checkout: qtdeclarativeexamplesdemos
- 48. New QML Demo in Qt5 QtQuick 2.0 QtMultimedia QtGraphicalEffects
- 49. New QML Demos in Qt5 更多Qt5演示請到Youtube QtStudios頻道觀 看，或者搜索Qt5關鍵字。 http://www.youtube.com/user/qtstudios
- 50. 全新開發模式 Open Governence Model 所有開發活動都在NPO非盈利組織 qt-project.org下完成 Home: http://qt-project.org Code review/CI ： http://codereview.qt-project.org Bug tracking : http://bugreports.qt-project.org Mail list: http://lists.qt-project.org Wiki: http://wiki.qt-project.org Forum : http://qt-project.org/forums Doc : http://qt-project.org/doc
- 52. 全新開發模式 Open Governence Model Contributors • 任何人都可成為qt-project的貢獻者，只要： • 在bugreports.qt-project.org註冊一個帳號來代表自己 • 訂閱 http://lists.qt-project.org 的郵件列表來參與討論 • 在bugreports.qt-project.org上提交缺陷報告/功能建議 • 在codereview.qt-project.org 提交修復缺陷/新功能的代碼 • 在codereview.qt-project.org上審查別人的代碼 • 編寫文檔/參與討論 • 在論壇/郵件列表/IRC上回答熱情的菜鳥的提問 • 參與各類社區的活動來幫助推廣Qt
- 53. 全新開發模式 Open Governence Model Approvers • 有權在他/她了解的範圍內檢查/批准其他人貢獻的代碼 • 當提交代碼時，Approvers不享有特權，他/她們的代碼同樣 需要別人的檢查和許可，除了極少數例外情況 • 當拒絕別人的代碼時，Approver有義務給出詳細和建設性的意見 • Approver應該積極參與各類社區討論 • 活躍的Contributors通過提名可以成為Approvers • 幹得不好會被收回權限
- 54. 全新開發模式 Open Governence Model Maintainers • Qt各個功能/模塊的技術領導者 • 對該負責領域的代碼質量負責 • 負責參與討論和制定該部分的發展方向 • 是該功能/模塊的默認代碼審查者 當前Qt項目各個模塊的Maintainers http://qt-project.org/wiki/maintainers
- 55. 全新開發模式 Open Governance Model Chief Maintainer • Qt最高技術決策者 • 維護Qt Open Governance Model正常運作 • 對Qt的發展做計劃
- 56. Qt Brisbane • 50+ 軟件工程師 • 曾經負責開發Qtopia和後續的QtMobility項目 • QML/QtQuick的老家 • 現在負責的項目有 • Qt3D • QtLocation • QtDeclarative • QtMultimedia • QtSensors • QtSystems • Qt QA team • CI /Release/JIRA • Approvers/Maintainers權限將保留 • We are looking for new career opportunities!
- 57. Qt的未來 • qt-project.org 開放的開發模型，活躍的開源社區 • 開放靈活的授權: GPL/LGPL 或者商業授權 • 龐大的基於Qt的項目數量: • KDE, Maya, Skype, VLC, VirtualBox, Mathmatica, Dreamworks, Blackberry10, Adobe Photoshop Elements, Opera (Linux), Googe Earth • 投資Qt技術的眾多公司
- 58. 問 題？