Quality Testing of Drinking Water
- 2. Why Test Your Water? Nearly all water in the world contains contaminants Many dissolved minerals, carbon compounds, and microbes find their way into drinking water Pollutants in drinking water may affect household routines and human health The only way to ensure safety of your water supply is to have a periodic laboratory water analysis done
- 3. Water Testing Parameters Color Color in water may be due to the inorganic ions, such as iron and manganese, humus and peat materials, plankton, weeds and industrial wastes. Odor Odor is recognized as a quality factor affecting acceptability of drinking water. Most organic and some inorganic chemicals contribute odor. Turbidity The Turbidity in water is the reduction of transparency due to the presence of particulate matter such as clay or silt, finely divided organic matter, plankton or other microscopic organisms.
- 4. Water Testing Parameters Manganese The intake of manganese can be high as 20 mg/day without apparent ill effects. It should be noted that manganese may be objectionable to consumers if it is deposited in water mains and causes water discoloration Iron Anaerobic ground waters may contain iron up to several milligrams per liter without causing discoloration or turbidity in the water. Calcium Calcium is a major constituent of various types of rock. It is one of the most common constituents present in natural waters ranging from zero to several hundred milligrams per liter.
- 5. Water Testing Parameters pH value pH value is the logarithm of reciprocal of hydrogen ion activity in moles per liter. In water solution, variations in pH value are mainly due to hydrolysis of salts of strong bases and weak acids. Alkalinity Alkalinity of water is its quantitative capacity to react with a strong acid to a designated pH. Excess alkalinity in water is harmful for irrigation which leads to soil damage and reduce crop yields. Conductivity Specific conductance yields a measure of water’s capacity to convey an electric current.
- 6. Important Water Analysis Equipment Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (TOC) A total organic carbon analyzer determines the amount of carbon in a water sample. There are two types of analyzers. One uses combustion and the other chemical oxidation. pH Analyzer Water pH testers and analyzers help analyze pH levels and detect faults in systems with electronic pH meters.
- 8. Important Water Analysis Equipment Water Desalination Equipment The parameters measured in Desalination instruments include Alkalinity, (COD), Conductivity, Dissolv ed Oxygen, Water Hardness, Iron, Manganese, Turbidity in water etc.
- 9. Important Water Analysis Equipment ORP Meters ORP meters measure the very small voltages generated when the measuring probe is placed in water in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
Editor's Notes
- #2: With over 60 years of experience, Hach India offers the most complete <a href="http://www.hach.com/india" title="Water Analysis Equipment – Hach India">water analysis</a> product portfolio in the industry. Buy from Hach India and receive applications expertise, superior customer service, fast and responsive delivery, and market-leading technical support for a wide range of water testing instruments including<a href="http://www.hach.com/india/monitoring-stator-cooling-water-systems" title="TDS Meters – Hach India">TDS meters</a>, <a href="http://www.hach.com/india/soil-and-irrigation-water-fertility-testing-kits" title="ORP Meters – Hact India">ORP meters</a>, <a href="http://www.hach.com/india/total-organic-carbon-measurement" title="TOC Measurement Instrument – Hach India">TOC instrument</a> etc.
- #3: Nearly all water in the world contains contaminants, even in the absence of nearby pollution-causing activitiesMany dissolved minerals, carbon compounds, and microbes find their way into drinking water as it comes in contact with air and soilWhen pollutant and contaminant levels in drinking water are high, they may affect household routines and be detrimental to human healthThe only way to ensure that your water supply is safe is to have a periodic laboratory <a href="http://www.hach.com/india" title=“Water Quality Analysis – Hach India">water quality analysis</a> done on your drinking water
- #4: With over 60 years of experience, Hach India offers the most complete <a href="http://www.hach.com/india" title="Water Analysis Equipment – Hach India">water analysis</a> product portfolio in the industry. Buy from Hach India and receive applications expertise, superior customer service, fast and responsive delivery, and market-leading technical support for a wide range of water testing instruments including<a href="http://www.hach.com/india/monitoring-stator-cooling-water-systems" title="TDS Meters – Hach India">TDS meters</a>, <a href="http://www.hach.com/india/soil-and-irrigation-water-fertility-testing-kits" title="ORP Meters – Hact India">ORP meters</a>, <a href="http://www.hach.com/india/total-organic-carbon-measurement" title="TOC Measurement Instrument – Hach India">TOC instrument</a> etc.
- #5: Iron Anaerobic ground waters may contain iron up to several milligrams per liter without discoloration or turbidity in the water when directly pumped from a well. Taste is not usually noticeable at iron concentrations below 0.3 mg/l, although turbidity and color may develop in piped systems at levels above 0.05 to 0.1 mg/l
- #6: pH value pH value is the logarithm of reciprocal of hydrogen ion activity in moles per liter. In water solution, variations in pH value are mainly due to hydrolysis of salts of strong bases and weak acids or vice versa. Dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia also affect the pH of water. The overall pH range of natural water is generally between 6 and 8.Alkalinity Alkalinity of water is its quantitative capacity to react with a strong acid to a designated pH. Highly alkaline waters are usually unpalatable. Excess alkalinity in water is harmful for irrigation which leads to soil damage and reduce crop yields. Alkalinity is significant in many uses and treatments of natural and wastewaters. Alkalinity measurements are used in the interpretation and control of water treatment processes. Conductivity Specific conductance yields a measure of water’s capacity to convey an electric current. This property related to the total concentration of the ionized substances in water and the temperature at which the measurement is made the nature of the various dissolved substances, their actual and relative concentrations, and the ionic strength of the water sample vitally affects the specific conductance.
- #7: Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (TOC)A <a href="http://www.hach.com/india/total-organic-carbon-measurement" title=“TOC Analyzers – Hach India">total organic carbon analyzer(TOC)</a> determines the amount of carbon in a water sample. By acidifying the sample and flushing with nitrogen or helium the sample removes inorganic carbon, leaving only organic carbon sources for measurement. There are two types of analyzers. One uses combustion and the other chemical oxidation. This is used as a water purity test, as the presence of bacteria introduces organic carbon.
- #8: With over 60 years of experience, Hach India offers the most complete <a href="http://www.hach.com/india" title="Water Analysis Equipment – Hach India">water analysis</a> product portfolio in the industry. Buy from Hach India and receive applications expertise, superior customer service, fast and responsive delivery, and market-leading technical support for a wide range of water testing instruments including<a href="http://www.hach.com/india/monitoring-stator-cooling-water-systems" title="TDS Meters – Hach India">TDS meters</a>, <a href="http://www.hach.com/india/soil-and-irrigation-water-fertility-testing-kits" title="ORP Meters – Hact India">ORP meters</a>, <a href="http://www.hach.com/india/total-organic-carbon-measurement" title="TOC Measurement Instrument – Hach India">TOC instrument</a> etc.
- #9: Water Desalination EquipmentThe parameters measured in <a href="http://www.hach.com/india/desalination" title="Water Desalination Analyzers – Hach India">Desalination instruments</a> include Alkalinity, Aluminum, Ammonia, Boron, Chloride, Chlorine (F & T), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Fluoride, Water Hardness, Iron, Manganese, Monochloramines, pH, Total Phosphorus, Nitrate, Total Nitrogen, Silica, Sulfate, TSS, Turbidity in water etc.
- #10: ORP Meters<a href="http://www.hach.com/india/monitoring-stator-cooling-water-systems" title="ORP Meters – Hach India">ORP meters</a> measure the very small voltages generated when the measuring probe is placed in water in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The electrode is made of platinum or gold, which reversibly loses its electrons to the oxidizer. A voltage is generated which is compared to a silver electrode in a silver salt solution, similar to a pH probe. The more oxidizer available, the greater the comparative voltage generated between the two probes.