Quantum networks with superconducting circuits and optomechanical transducers
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The document discusses the integration of superconducting circuits and optomechanical transducers in quantum networks, emphasizing the potential of superconducting qubits for quantum computing. It outlines various quantum mechanics concepts such as quantum gates, teleportation, and error correction, while detailing how mechanical oscillators facilitate interaction between microwaves and light. Additionally, it highlights the challenges due to differences in parameters between superconducting and optical systems and the impact of thermal mechanical baths on qubit performance.
![Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ
Optomechanical transducer acts as a
force sensor.
17
F = ~ /(
p
2xzpf )
S2
F (!) = x2
zpf /[8g2 2
m(!)]Sensitivity:
⌧meas =
S2
F (!)
F2
=
!2
m
16 2g2
⌧ T1,2Measurement time:
H = z(b + b†
) + !mb†
b + g(a + a†
)(b + b†
)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/004istnovember2016-191113171909/85/Quantum-networks-with-superconducting-circuits-and-optomechanical-transducers-17-320.jpg)
![Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ
The system can be modelled using a
conditional master equation.
19
D[O]⇢ = O⇢O† 1
2 (O†
O⇢ + ⇢O†
O)
H[O]⇢ = (O hOi)⇢ + ⇢(O†
hO†
i)
H. Wiseman & G. Milburn, Quantum
measurement and control (Cambridge)
d⇢ = i[H, ⇢]dt + Lq⇢dt +
2X
j=1
{(¯n + 1)D[bj] + ¯nD[b†
j]}⇢dt
+ D[a1 a2]⇢dt +
p
H[i(a1 a2)]⇢dW
H =
2X
j=1
j
z(bj + b†
j) + !mb†
jbj
+ g(aj + a†
j)(bj + b†
j) + i
2
(a1a†
2 a2a†
1)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/004istnovember2016-191113171909/85/Quantum-networks-with-superconducting-circuits-and-optomechanical-transducers-19-320.jpg)
![Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ
We obtain an effective equation for the
qubits.
21
d⇢q =
2X
j=1
1
T1
D[ j
] +
✓
1
T2
+ mech
◆
D[ j
z] ⇢qdt
+ measD[ 1
z + 2
z]⇢qdt +
p
measH[ 1
z + 2
z]⇢qdW
meas = 16
2
g2
!2
m
, mech =
2
!2
m
(2¯n + 1)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/004istnovember2016-191113171909/85/Quantum-networks-with-superconducting-circuits-and-optomechanical-transducers-21-320.jpg)
![Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ
Optical losses introduce additional
dephasing.
22
p
⌘ measH[ 1
z + 2
z]⇢q
(1 ⌧) measD[ 1
z]⇢q](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/004istnovember2016-191113171909/85/Quantum-networks-with-superconducting-circuits-and-optomechanical-transducers-22-320.jpg)
Quantum networks with superconducting circuits and optomechanical transducers
- 1. Quantum networks with superconducting circuits and optomechanical transducers Ondřej Černotík Leibniz Universität Hannover IST Austria, 10 November 2016 -
- 2. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Superconducting systems are among the best candidates for quantum computers. 2 • Quantum gates and processors L. DiCarlo et al., Nature 460, 240 (2009); ibid. 467, 574 (2010); A. Fedorov et al., Nature 481, 170 (2011) • Quantum teleportation L. Steffen et al., Nature 500, 319 (2013) • Quantum simulations A. Houck et al., Nature Physics 8, 292 (2012) • Quantum error correction A. Córcoles et al., Nature Commun. 6, 6979 (2015); J. Kelly et al., Nature 519, 66 (2015); D. Ristè et al., Nature Commun. 6, 6983 (2015) R. Schoelkopf, Yale
- 3. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Light is ideal for quantum communication due to low losses and noise. 3 • Quantum key distribution F. Grosshans et al., Nature 421, 238 (2003); T. Schmitt-Manderbach et al., PRL 98, 010504 (2007); H. Yin et al., PRL 117, 190501 (2016) • Quantum teleportation D. Bouwmeester et al., Nature 390, 575 (1997); A. Furusawa et al., Science 282, 706 (1998); H. Yonezawa et al., Nature 431, 430 (2004); T. Herbst et al., PNAS 112, 14202 (2015) • Loophole-free Bell test B. Hensen et al., Nature 526, 682 (2015); M. Giustina et al., PRL 115, 250401 (2015); L. Shalm et al., ibid., 250402 (2015) A. Zeilinger
- 4. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ There is a large gap between superconducting and optical systems. 4 Superconducting circuits Optical communication 10 GHz 200 THzfrequency 625 0.03thermal occupation (300 K) 0.5 K 10,000 K ground state temperature
- 5. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Mechanical oscillators can mediate coupling between microwaves and light. 5 R. Andrews et al., Nature Phys. 10, 321 (2014) K. Stannigel et al., PRL 105, 220501 (2010)
- 6. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ 6 Parity measurements in circuit QED Optomechanical force sensing Long-distance entanglement of superconducting qubits Fext
- 7. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Full control of a qubit is possible using an electromagnetic field. 7 Hint = g(a + + a† ) A. Blais et al., PRA 69, 062920 (2004) Jaynes–Cummings interaction
- 8. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Full control of a qubit is possible using an electromagnetic field. 8 Hint = g2 a† a z A. Blais et al., PRA 69, 062920 (2004) dispersive interaction
- 9. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Dispersive coupling can be used to read out the qubit state. 9 |0i |1i R. Vijay et al., PRL 106, 110502 (2011) K. Murch et al., Nature 502, 211 (2013) Hint = g2 a† a z
- 10. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Spin measurement can be used to generate entanglement of two qubits. 10 C. Hutchison et al., Canadian J. Phys. 87, 225 (2009) N. Roch et al., PRL 112, 170501 (2014) |11i |00i |01i + |10i | 0i = (|0i + |1i)(|0i + |1i)
- 11. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Optomechanical interaction arises due to radiation pressure. 11 a x !, ⌦, ¯n !(x) ⇡ !(0) + d! dx x Cavity frequency: g0 = d! dx xzpf = ! L xzpfCoupling strength: xzpf = r ~ 2m⌦ x = xzpf (b + b† ), Hamiltonian: H = ~!(x)a† a + ~⌦b† b H = ~!a† a + ~⌦b† b + ~g0a† a(b + b† ) M. Aspelmeyer, et al., RMP 86, 1391 (2014)
- 12. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ ⌦ Strong coupling can be achieved using laser driving. 12 Optomechanical coupling is weak g0 = ! xzpf L ⇡ 25 Hz Solution: strong optical drive a ! ↵ + a Interaction Hamiltonian Hint = ~g0↵(a + a† )(b + b† ) M. Aspelmeyer, et al., RMP 86, 1391 (2014) Red-detuned drive: Hint ⇡ ~g(a† b + b† a) Optomechanical cooling !L = ! ⌦
- 13. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ ⌦ Strong coupling can be achieved using laser driving. 13 Optomechanical coupling is weak g0 = ! xzpf L ⇡ 25 Hz Solution: strong optical drive a ! ↵ + a ⌦ Interaction Hamiltonian Hint = ~g0↵(a + a† )(b + b† ) M. Aspelmeyer, et al., RMP 86, 1391 (2014) Blue-detuned drive: Hint ⇡ ~g(ab + a† b† ) Two-mode squeezing !L = ! + ⌦
- 14. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ ⌦ Strong coupling can be achieved using laser driving. 14 Optomechanical coupling is weak g0 = ! xzpf L ⇡ 25 Hz Solution: strong optical drive a ! ↵ + a Interaction Hamiltonian Hint = ~g0↵(a + a† )(b + b† ) M. Aspelmeyer, et al., RMP 86, 1391 (2014) Resonant drive: Hint ⇡ ~g(a + a† )(b + b† ) Position readout ! = !L
- 15. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Standard quantum limit bounds the sensitivity of displacement measurements. 15 A. Clerk et al., RMP 82, 1155 (2010) M. Aspelmeyer et al., RMP 86, 1391 (2014) ˙x = !mp ˙p = !mx p g(a + a† ) + ⇠ + Fext ˙a = 2 a igx + p ain Fext
- 16. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Standard quantum limit bounds the sensitivity of displacement measurements. 16 A. Clerk et al., RMP 82, 1155 (2010) M. Aspelmeyer et al., RMP 86, 1391 (2014) Fext pout = i(aout a† out) = 4g!m p (!2 m !2 + i !)( + 2i!) ✓ Fext + ⇠ 2g p + 2i! xin ◆ + 2i! + 2i! pin
- 17. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Optomechanical transducer acts as a force sensor. 17 F = ~ /( p 2xzpf ) S2 F (!) = x2 zpf /[8g2 2 m(!)]Sensitivity: ⌧meas = S2 F (!) F2 = !2 m 16 2g2 ⌧ T1,2Measurement time: H = z(b + b† ) + !mb† b + g(a + a† )(b + b† )
- 18. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ The thermal mechanical bath affects the qubit. 18 mech = S2 f (!) = 2 2 !2 m ¯nDephasing rate: ⌧meas < 1 mech ! C = 4g2 ¯n > 1 2
- 19. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ The system can be modelled using a conditional master equation. 19 D[O]⇢ = O⇢O† 1 2 (O† O⇢ + ⇢O† O) H[O]⇢ = (O hOi)⇢ + ⇢(O† hO† i) H. Wiseman & G. Milburn, Quantum measurement and control (Cambridge) d⇢ = i[H, ⇢]dt + Lq⇢dt + 2X j=1 {(¯n + 1)D[bj] + ¯nD[b† j]}⇢dt + D[a1 a2]⇢dt + p H[i(a1 a2)]⇢dW H = 2X j=1 j z(bj + b† j) + !mb† jbj + g(aj + a† j)(bj + b† j) + i 2 (a1a† 2 a2a† 1)
- 20. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ The transducer is Gaussian and can be adiabatically eliminated. 20 OC et al., PRA 92, 012124 (2015)ˇ 2 qubits Mechanics, light
- 21. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ We obtain an effective equation for the qubits. 21 d⇢q = 2X j=1 1 T1 D[ j ] + ✓ 1 T2 + mech ◆ D[ j z] ⇢qdt + measD[ 1 z + 2 z]⇢qdt + p measH[ 1 z + 2 z]⇢qdW meas = 16 2 g2 !2 m , mech = 2 !2 m (2¯n + 1)
- 22. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Optical losses introduce additional dephasing. 22 p ⌘ measH[ 1 z + 2 z]⇢q (1 ⌧) measD[ 1 z]⇢q
- 23. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ A transmon qubit can capacitively couple to a nanobeam oscillator. 23 G. Anetsberger et al., Nature Phys. 5, 909 (2009) J. Pirkkalainen et al., Nat. Commun. 6, 6981 (2015) = 2⇡ ⇥ 5.8 MHz g = 2⇡ ⇥ 900 kHz = 2⇡ ⇥ 39MHz !m = 2⇡ ⇥ 8.7 MHz Qm = 5 ⇥ 104 T = 20 mK ¯n = 48 T1,2 = 20 µs C = 10
- 24. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ A transmon qubit can capacitively couple to a nanobeam oscillator. 24 = 2⇡ ⇥ 5.8 MHz g = 2⇡ ⇥ 900 kHz = 2⇡ ⇥ 39MHz !m = 2⇡ ⇥ 8.7 MHz Qm = 5 ⇥ 104 T = 20 mK ¯n = 48 T1,2 = 20 µs C = 10 ⌘ Psucc Psucc OC and K. Hammerer, PRA 94, 012340 (2016)ˇ
- 25. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ With high-frequency mechanical oscillators, modulated interaction can be used. 25 H = z(b + b† ) ig(a + a† )(b b† ) meas = 16 2 g2 2 , mech = 2 (2¯n + 1)
- 26. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Microwave cavity can improve the lifetime of the qubit. 26 meas = 256 2 g2 ag2 c 2 a!2 mc , deph = 4 2 a + 256 2 g4 a 3 a!2 m + 16 2 g2 a 2 a!2 m (2¯n + 1) H = z(a + a† ) iga(a a† )(b + b† ) + !mb† b + gc(c + c† )(b + b† ) a b c
- 27. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Both techniques can also be combined in one system. 27 a b c H = z(a + a† ) iga(a a† )(b + b† ) igc(c + c† )(b b† ) meas = 1024 2 g2 ag2 c 2 a 2c , deph = 4 2 a + 64 2 g2 a 2 a (2¯n + 1)
- 28. Ondrej Cernotík (Hannover): Quantum networks with SC qubits and OM transducersˇˇ Mechanical oscillators can mediate interaction between light and SC qubits. 28 OC and K. Hammerer, PRA 94, 012340 (2016)ˇ - C = 4g2 ¯n > 1 2 • Strong optomechanical cooperativity, • Sufficient qubit lifetime