Quantum numbers shells-subshells-orbitals-electrons
- 2. • Principal Quantum Number (n) • Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l) • Magnetic Quantum Number (ml) • Spin Quantum Number (ms) Quantum Numbers Describes the location and energy of an electron in an atom.
- 3. Principal Quantum Number (n) • Represents the Shells of an Electron. • Determines Energy Level of an Electron. • Maximum Number of Electrons in a given Shell = 2n2 • n (shell number) = 1, 2, 3, 4… Shell (n) Maximum no. of Electrons 1 2 2 8 3 18 4 32
- 4. Angular Momentum Quantum Number • Represents the Subshells of an Electron. • Determines the Angular Momentum of an Electron. • Number of Sub-Shells (l) = n • l (sub-shell) = 0, 1, 2, 3……(n-1) n l Number of Sub-Shells 1 0 1 2 0, 1 2 3 0, 1, 2 3 4 0, 1, 2, 3 4 (l)
- 5. Orbitals • Maximum Number of Electrons in a given Sub- Shell = 2 x (2l + 1) l Orbital Number of electrons 0 s 2 1 p 6 2 d 10 3 f 14 A region of probability where an electron can be found.
- 6. Magnetic Quantum Number • Determines the Number of Types/Orientation of Orbitals. • Number of Orientation of Orbitals (ml) = (2l+1) • ml = -l,……..0……,+l l ml Number of Orbitals 0 (s) 0 1 1(p) -1, 0, 1 3 2(d) -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 5 3(f) -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 7 (ml)
- 7. Orbitals • Number of Orbitals for a given Shell = n2 Shell (n) Number of Orbitals Set of Orbitals 1 1 1s 2 4 2s 2px, 2py, 2pz 3 9 3s 3px, 3py, 3pz 3dxy, 3dyz, 3dxz, 3dz 2 , 3dx2-y2
- 9. Spin Quantum Number • Represents the Direction of Spin of an Electron on its own Axis. • Electrons can Spin either Clockwise ↑ or Anticlockwise ↓ Direction. • ms =-1/2 or +1/2 (ms)
- 10. Principal Q.N. (n) Angular Momentum Q.N. (l) Magnetic Q.N. (ml) Spin Q.N. (ms) Designation of Orbital 1 0 0 ± ½ 1s 2 0 1 0 -1, 0, +1 ± ½ ± ½ 2s 2p 3 0 1 2 0 -1, 0, +1 -2, -1, 0, +1,+2 ± ½ ± ½ ± ½ 3s 3p 3d 4 0 1 2 3 0 -1, 0, +1 -2, -1, 0, +1,+2 -3, -2, -1, 0, +1,+2, +3 ± ½ ± ½ ± ½ ± ½ 4s 4p 4d 4f Permissible Values of Q.N.