Questions on the thorax
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This document contains a series of questions from Dr. Noura El Tahawy about the anatomy of the thorax. The questions cover topics such as the anatomy of the thoracic outlet, thoracic outlet syndrome, cervical rib syndrome, structures of the thoracic cavity at T4/T5, muscles of respiration, the internal thoracic artery, intercostal arteries and veins, the diaphragm, lungs, pleura, and broncho-pulmonary segments. The questions are in a fill-in-the-blank or short answer format and seem to be reviewing content from several lectures on the thoracic wall, diaphragm, lungs, and pleura.
Questions on the thorax
- 1. Questions thorax 2011 By Dr. Noura El Tahawy MD., Ph.D.,
- 2. Dr. Noura El Tahawy Questions (on lecture 1 Thoracic wall) 1. Account on the anatomy of superior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet): (boundaries, contents& clinical importance) 2. Account on thoracic outlet syndrome 3. Account on Cervical rib syndrome 4. Enumerate the posterior relations of the manubrium sterni 5. What are the relations of the body of the sternum 6. Mention the structures of the thoracic cavity that are located at the level of T4/T5 vertebrae (at the level of the sternal angel)
- 3. Dr. Noura El Tahawy Questions on lecture 2 the thoracic wall & diaphragm 1. Enumerate the important muscles of normal respiration. - Mention the action of each muscle & its role in changing the diameters of the chest during respiration 2. Give short account on the anatomy of the internal thoracic artery (origin, course, branches & termination) 3. Complete the following statements: A. ---- The Internal mammary artery arises from ………………………………..……. … Its branches include: 1. ……. 2………… 3……….. 4…… 5…… B ---- The anterior intercostal arteries arise from: 1…………….. 2…………….. C -- The posterior intercostal arteries arise from: 1. ………………… 2…………………. D--- The posterior intercostal veins drain into ………….…& …… veins. While the anterior intercostal veins drain into ……………. & ……………. veins E -- A needle inserted into the pleural cavity at the anterior axillary line will pass through the following structures: 1. ……….. 2……… 3………. 4………… 5. ……. 6… 7…….. 8 ……..
- 4. Dr. Noura El Tahawy Questions (cont.) 3. Complete the following statements: F. Branches of the typical Intercostal nerve include: 1…….. 2……3……4….………5 …… G----- Intercostal nerve block at the level of the second intercostal space will result in: 1. ……………. & 2 …………….. H…. The nerve supply of the diaphragm include: 1. ………………….. 2……………….. I. The vena caval opening of the diaphragm is locate at the level of vertebra. The opening transmits the following structures 1….. ……… 2 …… J.. The aortic opening of the diaphragm is located at the level of …. Vertebra. The opening transmits the following structures: 1………… 2……….. 3……. K. The esophageal opening of the diaphragm lies opposite …. vertebra. It transmits 1…….. 2……….3……………. L.. The diaphragm originated from …….., ……………, ………… & inserted into …… M. The contraction of the diaphragm leads to …..………….. diameter of chest during……… while its relaxation leads to … …….diameter of the chest during ………..
- 5. Dr. Noura El Tahawy Questions (on lecture 3; lungs & pleura) • Mention the surface anatomy of the lungs & pleura • Give an account on the anatomy of broncho-pulmonary segments& their clinical importance • Give an account on the relations of the medial surface of the Right lung • Give an account on the relations of the medial surface of the Left lung • Complete the following statements; --- Nerve supply of the parietal pleura is ………….…, while that of pulmonary (visceral) pleura is ………. ----- The root of the lung lies opposite …, ….., ….... vertebrae. ---- The structures passing through the hilum of the lung are: 1 …………….... 2 ……………..3 ………….4 ………. 5 …………….6……….. -----The arterial supply of the lung is derived from ……………………artery, which is a branch from ………... …. In the right lung & from …………………..…… in the left lung ----- The pulmonary veins drain into …………….. while the bronchial veins drain into ……….