Rabbit general
- 1. Rabbit Cuniculture Practice of breeding and raising rabbits as livestock for their meat, fur or wool. family-Leporidae Order-Lagomorpha Name: Oryctolagus cuniculus
- 2. Terminology • Male rabbits - bucks • females - does • young rabbit - bunny • A group of rabbits - colony or nest • A group of baby rabbits produced from a single mating is referred to as a- litter • a group of domestic rabbits living together is sometimes called a - herd
- 3. Ears • For thermoregulation • Detect predators • Rotate their ears 270 degrees • Allowing them to detect any threats that might be approaching from close to 2 miles away. • More surface area means more places for body heat to escape • The optimal body temperature is around 38.5–40℃
- 4. Sleep • Rabbits may appear to be crepuscular, • But their natural inclination is toward nocturnal activity
- 5. General …. • They can't live on only on carrots. • Carrots are high in sugar and contribute to tooth decay .
- 6. world's largest rabbit breed • Flemish giant rabbit • Reaching 2.5 feet in length and weighing up to 22 pounds. • 9 - 12-year lifespan.
- 7. Reproduction • A doe's reproductive system doesn't follow cycles; • Ovulation is triggered by intercourse. • 30-day gestation period • Give birth to a litter about 4 to 12 kits
- 8. Auto coprophagy • They eat their own faces • They produce a special type of faces called cecotropes • That are softer than their normal pellets and meant to be eaten. • Rabbits have a fast-moving digestive system, and by re digesting waste. • They're able to absorb nutrients their bodies missed the first time around.
- 9. THEY CAN'T VOMIT • Rabbits groom themselves like cats do. • Rabbits are remarkably hygienic by licking their fur and paws. • This means rabbits generally don't need to be bathed by their owners like some other pets. • The rabbit digestive system is physically incapable of moving in reverse. Instead of producing hairballs, • Rabbits deal with swallowed fur by eating plenty of roughage that pushes it through their digestive tract.
- 10. Their vision covers nearly 360 degrees. • Their vision covers nearly 360 degrees • Allows them to see what's coming from behind them, above them, and from the sides without turning their heads.
- 11. THEY ARE GOOD JUMPERS • Those impressive back legs aren't just for show. Rabbits are built for evading predators in a hurry, • According to guinness world records, the highest rabbit jump reached 3.26 feet off the ground and the farthest reached nearly 10 feet. • Top speed of 18 mph
- 12. THEIR TEETH NEVER STOP GROWING • Rabbit's teeth will keep growing if given the chance. • A rabbit's diet in the wild includes a lot of gritty, tough-to-chew plant food that would eventually wear down a permanent set of teeth. • With chompers that grow at a rate of up to 5 inches a year, • Any damage that's done to their teeth is quickly compensated for. • The flip-side is that domestic rabbits who aren't fed abrasive foods can suffer from overgrown teeth that can make it difficult for them to eat.
- 13. Dental formula Dental Formula Permanent 2 0 3 3 1 0 2 3 = 14• Rabbits are herbivores. • Their teeth are unrooted and so grow continually. Like rodents, • Rabbits may need their incisors trimmed if they are overgrown. • Rabbits have an interesting arrangement of their upper incisors in that the second incisor is behind the first incisor. • The second incisor is referred to as the peg tooth
- 14. THEY LIVE IN ELABORATE TUNNELS CALLED WARRENS. • Rabbits dig complex tunnel systems, called warrens, • That connect special rooms reserved for things like nesting and sleeping. • The dens have multiple entrances that allow the animals to escape in a pinch, • And some warrens are as large as tennis courts and extend 10 feet below the surface.
- 15. • Rabbit meat • contains high ratio of protein, energy, calcium and vitamin than any other types of animal meat. • The amount of cholesterol, fat and sodium is also less than other meat. • Their meat is very testy, nutritious and easily digestible for all aged people. • And there are no religious taboo for consuming rabbit meat. • They can consume very low quality food and turn this foods to high quality meat, skin or fiber. •
- 16. Advantages of Rabbit Farming • Rabbits are very fast growing animal. • Their food converting rate is better than other animals. • One female rabbit can give birth about 2 to 8 kids each time. • Rabbits can be raised within a short space. • Production costs are less, compared to other large sized animals. • Rabbit meat is very tasty, nutritious and easily digestible. All aged people can eat without any problem. • There are no religious taboos consuming rabbit meat. • Kitchen wastes, grass, plant leaves etc. Are favourite foods of rabbit. So, you can raise some rabbits for your family needs, using this type of low cost and easily available commodities. • Rabbit farming require less labour compared to another animal farming business. You can easily use your family labour for successful commercial rabbit farming business. • Commercial rabbit farming business require relatively less capital and you will get back your investment within a very short period. • As it is a highly profitable business, so commercial production can be a great source of earning and employment
- 17. Rabbit Breeds • Dark Gray • Fox, • Dutch, • New Zealand White, • New Zealand Black, • New Zealand Red, • Belgium White and • Chinchilla
- 18. Rabbit Farming Method Deep Litter Method: • For less number of rabbits. • Concrete floor is more suitable for deep litter system. • Make 4 to 5 inches depth litter husk, hay, straw or wood shavings. • Raise a maximum of 30 rabbits in a house. • Keep the male rabbits in a separate room from the female. • In deep litter system, risks of diseases is high. • It may very difficult to manage the rabbit in this system.
- 19. Cage Method: • For commercial rabbit farming business • Kept in a cage, which are made with wire or iron plate. • Useful for raising a maximum number of rabbits. • Keep sufficient space and necessary facilities, inside every cage • Keep the male and female rabbits separated from each other. • Keep them together in a separate cage during breeding period. • Cages are arranged at about 0.5-1 meter height from the ground • Individual cages dimensions 60*60*60ccm • For breeding buck and pregnant does 90*90*60ccm
- 20. Feeding • Rabbits are herbivores with non-ruminant digestive system characterised by functional caecum similar to horse. ingredient percentage Bengal gram 35% groundnut cake 23.5% wheat 30% meat come bone meal 10% mineral mixture 1% salt 0.5% total 100% ingredient percentage Bengal gram 10% groundnut cake 20% gingelly cake 5% rice polish 35% wheat 28% mineral mixture + salt 2% total 100%
- 21. Feeding… • Quantity of feed required various with body size and physiological status • Adult rabbits require about 150 to 200 grams of green fodder like green leaves grasses are good quality hay and 6o-80 grams concentrate feeds. • Extra feed allowance has to be given for pregnancy and lactation. • Extra feed required for lactation has to be provided from 6 to 12 weeks @ extra 10 grams for each letter. • Feed consuming rate and nutrient requirements varies, depending on the rabbit’s age and breed type.
- 22. Feeding…. • For proper nutrition of adult rabbits, their food should contain • 17 to 18 percent crude protein, • 14 percent fiber, • 7 percent minerals and • 2700 kilo calorie/kg of metabolic energy. • Green leafy vegetables, seasonal vegetable, spinach, carrots, muller, cucumber, green grass and vegetable wastes are common food of rabbits. • For commercial purpose, serve them poultry feed. In accordance with providing nutritious feed, • For 1 kg body weight of rabbit, about 40 grams of concentrate food and 40 grams of green fodder is required • Along with ad libitum supply of fresh and clean drinking water.
- 23. Breeding • Mature and suitable for breeding within their 5 to 6 months of age. • But don’t use the male rabbits for breeding purpose until they reach their first birthday. Doing this will ensure, quality young rabbits for commercial production. • Always try to use healthy rabbits with proper body weight for breeding. • Never bred the females, if they are ill. • Take special care to the breeding male and pregnant female rabbits, and provide them nutritious feed. • The gestation period of rabbits is about 28 to 31 days. • And each time a doe can give birth of 2 to 8 kids.
- 24. Heat signs in the rabbits • Restlessness, • Reddening of vulva, • Appearance mucus discharge from vagina. • Rabbit are induced ovulators and completion of oestrus cycle occurs only upon meeting. • Interval between two heats may not be regular. • Once the breeding stock has attained sufficient size and age for puberty male and female can be mix for mating by putting them together in one cage. • Heat signs are shown within 48 hours after putting male and female together.
- 25. Mating • Mating is fast vibratory thrusting movements of hind quarters of the male followed by ejaculation. • Successful mating is characterized by falling of the male towards sides or backward sometimes with loud crying. • Ovulation occurs 8 to 13 hours after mating • Pregnancy can be understood by palpating posterior abdomen of the female for enlarged uterus. • Pregnant uterus can be felt as distinct round beads from 10 days onwards • From 15 days there will be enlargement of abdomen. Doe it will become very conscious
- 26. Rabbit parturition (kindling ) • Under natural condition, female dig holes or caves for kindling and nest are prepared using grass. • Loss of hairs from the body is an indication of approaching kindling • Kindling process is very fast taking 30 minutes to 1 hour • Usual letter size varies is from 8-12. • Weight of litter varies with number and varies is from 15 to 30 grams
- 27. Bunnies • Due to the short gestation period bunnies are not mature enough at birth. • Hair coat begins to appear by about 10 days and eyes opened by 14 to 15 days. Ears also become functional by this age. • Movement of bunnies are by crawling during earlier days and normal gait is started by about 20 days. • Weaning can be done by 30 days. • After kindling, rabbit does show fertile heat within 24 to 48 hours. • But 2-3 weeks of post kindling service is better. • Maximum litter size is obtained during third or fourth kindling
- 28. sexing of young ones • Sexing of young ones can be made from 7 days, based upon the appearance of anus and urinary opening. • At the time of birth anal and urinary openings are very close 1-2 mm below the tail. • From 7 days onwards in case of males--- urinary hole moves away from the anal opening, its shape is retained round. • In case of females distance between the anus and urinary openings remains the same and the shape of urinary opening transforms into cleft and extends away from anal opening. • Scrotum appears only towards puberty