RAC Attack 12c Installation Instruction

RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database 12c at
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September 19, 2013
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licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. An URI to this license is given
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be licensed under the same, a similar or a compatible license, as stated in section 4b of the license. The list of
contributors is included in chapter Contributors on page 117. The licenses GPL, LGPL and GFDL are included in
chapter Licenses on page 125, since this book and/or parts of it may or may not be licensed under one or more of
these licenses, and thus require inclusion of these licenses. The licenses of the figures are given in the list of figures
on page 119. This PDF was generated by the LATEX typesetting software. The LATEX source itself was generated
by a program written by Dirk Hünniger with modifications by Jeremy Schneider. Dirk’s original program
is freely available under an open source license from http://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Benutzer:
Dirk_Huenniger/wb2pdf. This distribution also contains a configured version of the pdflatex compiler
with all necessary packages and fonts needed to compile the LATEX source included in this PDF file. Full
instructions (including Jeremy’s modifications) for dynamically generating this print book using the RAC Attack
wikibook contents are available at http://racattack.org/book.

Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 12c Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 Technical choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 Hardware Minimum Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Software Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1 Windows 7 64 bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 VirtualBox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3 Putty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4 Vnc Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.5 Oracle Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4 Prepare Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.1 VirtualBox Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2 VirtualBox Network Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5 Install Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.1 Create VirtualBox VM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2 VirtualBox VM Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.3 OS Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.4 Linux Post Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.5 Install VirtualBox Addons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.6 Configure Bind DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.7 Prepare Linux for Oracle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6 Create Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.1 Create VirtualBox Shared Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.2 Configure Storage Persistent Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6.3 Clone VirtualBox VM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6.4 Create Second VirtualBox VM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
6.5 Configure Second Linux VM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.6 Complete DNS Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.7 VNC Server Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
7 Install Grid Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
7.1 Prepare for GI Install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
7.2 Install Grid Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
7.3 Check Cluster Status After GI Install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
7.4 ASM Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
IV

Contents
8 Install Database Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
9 Create Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
10 Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
11 Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
11.1 Fair Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
11.2 Copyrighted Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
11.3 Use of Microsoft Copyrighted Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
11.4 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
11.5 GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
11.6 GNU Lesser General Public License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
1

1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
RAC Attack is a free curriculum and platform for hands-on learning labs related to Oracle RAC (cluster
database), motivated by the belief that the best way to learn RAC is through lots of hands-on experience.
The original contributors were Jeremy Schneider, Dan Norris and Parto Jalili. This curriculum has been
used since 2008 by organizers of events, by instructors in classes and by individuals at home. Its goal is
to help students learn about Oracle RAC cluster databases through guided examples.
RAC Attack differs in depth from other tutorials currently available.
• Every keystroke and mouse click is carefully documented here.
• The process is covered from the very beginning to the very end - from the very first installation of the
Virtual Hypervisor on your laptop to various experiments on your running cluster database... with
everything in between.
• The labs in the main workbook have been tested thoroughly and repeatedly.
To learn about upcoming RAC Attack events or to organize one yourself, visit the Events page. You
can use the shortcut http://racattack.org/events to access this page at any time.
1.2 12c Overview
The 12c version of RAC Attack was written collaboratively by many authors all around the world. A
full list of contributors is available by clicking the "history" tab on any wiki page or at the end of the
print book. Note that Seth Miller's contributions are undercounted; he wrote almost all of the original
instructions up to the first node config but many of his initial edits were on a set of draft pages whose
content was copied here. Ludovico Caldara and Bjoern Rost also made extraordinary contributions to
the book as reflected in the contributor lists.
Additionally, credit goes to the many volunteer testers who reported issues with the first draft of
instructions. Many of their names can be seen in the mailing list archives at http://racattack.
org/list during August and September of 2013.
And most importantly, we can't give enough credit to the entire Oracle Openworld 2013 team. Especially
Yury Velikanov who not only led the organization of officers and assignments but kept the energy and
excitement level at stratospheric levels! Without the excitement of presenting at OpenWorld, we'd never
have maintained such great momentum for finishing the first 12c revision so quickly!
3

Introduction
1.3 Architecture
To better understand the RAC Installation, this picture illustrates the architecture that is implemented
when following the book.
Figure 1 RAC Attack 12c architecture
1.4 IP Addresses
In order to install a fully functional RAC, the following IP addresses are required:
• 2 public IPs, one for each node, for the primary OS network interface
• 2 public IPs, one for each node, for the Virtual IP
• 3 public IPs, one for each SCAN listener
• 2 private IPs, one for each node, for the cluster private interconnect
In the book, the public addresses belong to the network 192.178.78.0/24, and the private addresses
belong to the network 172.16.100.0/24.
Warning
If your laptop connects to networks using these IP addresses, replace every occurrence in the
document with new addresses to avoid conﬂicts.
4

Technical choices
1.5 Technical choices
The book aims to provide instructions as simple as possible to get a basic RAC installation on your
laptop. There are many, many advanced topologies and topics that are not covered here. If you are
curious about technical possibilities, just ask a volunteer, he/she will be glad to explain you something
more.
5

2 Hardware Requirements
This handbook will walk you through the process of creating a two-node Oracle RAC cluster on your
own laptop or desktop computer.
2.1 Hardware Minimum Requirements
Most modern laptop and desktop computers should be powerful enough to run a two-node virtual RAC
cluster. In a nutshell, these are the recommended minimums:
• Modern CPU (most of laptops produced after 2011 should be ok)
• 8Gb memory
• 40Gb of free disk space
• 9Gb Software Staging
• 29Gb - 2VMs + 2 ASM disks
• Windows 64bit (XP, Vista or 7) (Linux & Mac have been tested aswell and differences to the Windows
instructions are included in the book)
Information
If your laptop or desktop does not meet these minimum requirements then it is not recommended
to try completing the RAC Attack labs. Although it is possible to complete these labs with smaller
conﬁgurations, there are many potential problems.
7

3 Software Components
Before starting you need to know what software will be installed. If attending an event, would be a
good idea to download the software in advance to your laptop in order to avoid the download during the
labs. The copyrighted software is not distributable so the volunteers will not be able to give you all the
required software components. But organizers may have set up a proxy server to speed up downloads or
provide at least the free software.
3.1 Windows 7 64 bit
This book covers Windows 7 64 bit as host even if all operating systems that can run VirtualBox 64bit
can be used. 64 bits are mandatory since Oracle 12c for Linux 32bit is not available.
Information
The differences between Windows and OS X are highlighted in information boxes like this one.
3.2 VirtualBox
This book uses VirtualBox as many Oracle specialists consider it as a mature and free virtualization solu-
tion, fully compatible with Oracle Software: https://www.virtualbox.org/. The VirtualBox
versions from 4.2.12 up to 4.2.18 have been tested successfully with OEL6 and Oracle 12c.
3.3 Putty
One of the preferred SSH clients for Windows. You can download it here:
http://the.earth.li/˜sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe
Information
OS X and Linux hosts can use their native ssh commandline command.
9

Software Components
3.4 Vnc Viewer
The servers will be installed without X server, so you'll need VNC to get the graphics:
http://www.realvnc.com/download/get/1295/
Information
OS X and Linux hosts can use XQuartz and X Windows respectively instead of VNC. You just
need to connect to your servers using ssh -X to enable X tunneling. Windows can also use X
Windows emulation programs like XMing, provided that you are comfortable to install it and use
it. This book however covers VNC as the preferred method.
3.5 Oracle Software
3.5.1 Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.4
Can be downloaded from http://edelivery.oracle.com/linux/.
1. Login to: http://edelivery.oracle.com/linux with your Oracle Account
2. On the Media Pack Search page, select:
Product pack: Oracle Linux
Platform: x86 64 bit
Click GO
Figure 2 Linux Media Pack Search
3. Click on: Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 4 Media Pack for x86_64 (64 bit)
Figure 3 Linux Media Pack Search Results
10

Oracle Software
4. Click on the download button at the first line:
Figure 4 Linux Media Pack Download
5. Once the download of the file V37084-01.iso is finished, rename it to Oracle_Linux_-
6_64.iso to distinguish it easily from other Oracle files.
3.5.2 Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Database 12c (12.1.0.1)
Can be downloaded from http://edelivery.oracle.com/.
1. Login to: http://edelivery.oracle.com/ with your Oracle Account
2. On the Media Pack Search page, select:
Product pack: Oracle Database
Platform: Linux x86-64
Click GO
Figure 5 Database Media Pack Search
11

Software Components
3. Click on: Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1.0) Media Pack for Linux x86-64
Figure 6 Database Media Pack Search Results
4. Click on the download button for the following four packs:
• Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 (Part 1 of 2)
• Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 (Part 2 of 2)
• Oracle Database 12c Release 1 Grid Infrastructure (12.1.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 (Part 1 of 2)
• Oracle Database 12c Release 1 Grid Infrastructure (12.1.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 (Part 2 of 2)
Figure 7 Database Media Pack Download
5. The following ﬁles are downloaded:
• V38501-01_1of2.zip
• V38501-01_2of2.zip
• V38500-01_1of2.zip
• V38500-01_2of2.zip
After uncompressing them, there will be two folders: "grid" and "database" containing the full
installation.
12

4 Prepare Host
4.1 VirtualBox Setup
Information
The procedure for installing a new VirtualBox or updating an existing installation is the same. If
updating, close your Virtualbox Windows and stop the virtual machines.
1. Run Oracle VM VirtualBox 4.2.16 Setup.
2. On the welcome page, click Next:
Figure 8 Vbox install welcome
13

Prepare Host
3. Leave the default component selection, click Next:
Figure 9 Vbox install component selection
4. Click Next:
Figure 10 Vbox install create shortcuts
14

VirtualBox Setup
5. Unless you have pending downloads or batches over the network, click Yes:
Figure 11 Vbox install network reset
6. Click Install:
Figure 12 Vbox install ready to install
15

Prepare Host
7. The installation is completed. Click Finish to open VirtualBox:
Figure 13 Vbox install completed
4.2 VirtualBox Network Conﬁguration
1. Run VirtualBox Manager.
16

VirtualBox Network Conﬁguration
2. From the main screen, choose File > Preferences > Network.
Figure 14 Network adapter preferences
3. Double click on VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter. Update the settings as
shown and click Ok twice.
IPv4 Address: 192.168.78.1
IPv4 Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Figure 15 Network adapter 1 address
Information
On OS X and Linux the VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter is called vboxnet0.
17

5 Install Linux
5.1 Create VirtualBox VM
1. On your computer, create a new folder racattack12c on a location of your choice that
will contain all the virtual disks.
At the end of the installation the ﬁles will look like this:
Figure 16 RA-Windows_7-Create Directory
2. In VirtualBox, from the main screen, click the New icon in the upper left hand corner.
Figure 17 VirtualBox Manager Home
19

Install Linux
3. Type in collabn1 for the Name of the VM. Choose Linux for the Type and Oracle (64
bit) for the Version and click Next.
Figure 18 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-name and os
4. Type 3072 in the Size ﬁeld and click Next.
Figure 19 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-vm memory
20

Create VirtualBox VM
5. Leave Create a virtual hard drive now selected and click Create.
Figure 20 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-create primary hard disk
6. Leave VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image) selected and click Next.
Figure 21 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-primary hard disk type
21

Install Linux
7. Leave Dynamically allocated selected and click Next.
Figure 22 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-storage on drive
8. Type in the full path or choose through the browse icon the Location for the disk ﬁle to
be created.
It's better to use the common folder racattack12c previously created for all the virtual
disks.
The ﬁle should be named collabn1.vdi.
22

VirtualBox VM Settings
Type in 30.00 GB in the Size field and click Create.
Figure 23 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-file location and size
5.2 VirtualBox VM Settings
1. From the main screen, select the virtual machine collabn1 and click the Settings icon in
the upper left hand corner.
Figure 24 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-finished vm
23

Install Linux
2. Open the USB sub-menu. Uncheck the Enable USB Controller check box.
On OS X the sub-menu is Ports and you will need to select the USB tab there.
Figure 25 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-usb settings
3. Open the Storage sub-menu. Delete the Empty disk under the IDE Controller.
Figure 26 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-delete empty ide
24

4. Click on Remove to conﬁrm.
Figure 27 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-delete ide
5. Click on the Add CD/DVD Device.
Figure 28 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-add iso
25

Install Linux
6. Click on the Choose disk.
Figure 29 VirtualBox New VM Settings New IDE
7. Locate and open the Oracle_Linux_6_64.iso ﬁle.
Figure 30 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-oracle linux 6 iso added
26

8. Open the Network sub-menu. Under the Adapter 1 tab, change the Attached to:
dropdown to Host-only Adapter.
Figure 31 VirtualBox_Settings_Network_Adapter_1
9. Choose the Adapter 2 tab. Check the box for Enable Network Adapter. Change the
Attached to: dropdown to Internal Network and type the name rac-priv in the Name
ﬁeld.
Figure 32 VirtualBox_New_VM_Settings_Network_Adapter_2
27

Install Linux
Attached to: dropdown to NAT.
11. Select the Shared Folders tab. Click Add Shared Folder.
Enter the path where you have downloaded the Oracle installation media and enter a
name for your folder.
Check Auto-mount and click OK.
Figure 34 VirtualBox_New_VM_Settings_Shared folder
12. Click on Ok to save the modiﬁcations.
28

OS Installation
13. Review the summary of the new virtual machine.
Figure 35 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-complete vm settings
5.3 OS Installation
1. Click on Start to boot the virtual machine. If asked to select a start-up disk, choose
Oracle_Linux_6_64.iso and click Start again.
Figure 36 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-select boot iso
29

Install Linux
2. The Oracle Linux install screen will automatically come up. Hit enter to begin the install.
Figure 37 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-boot menu
3. Skip the CD testing by pressing the right arrow key and press enter.
Figure 38 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-media test
4. From this point on you can use the mouse to navigate. To unlock the mouse and keyboard
from the VM, hit the right Ctrl key. Click Next.
Information
On OS X you unlock the mouse with the command or apple key.
30

OS Installation
Figure 39 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-splash start
5. Leave English (English) selected and click Next.
Figure 40 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-choose
language
31

Install Linux
6. Leave U.S. English selected and click Next (unless you have another preferred keyboard
layout).
Figure 41 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-choose
keyboard
7. Leave Basic Storage Devices selected and click Next.
Figure 42 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-install device
32

OS Installation
8. Click Yes, discard any data for the warning box stating The storage device below may
contain data.
Figure 43 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-storage device
warning
9. In the hostname ﬁeld, type collabn1.racattack.
• Click Conﬁgure Network in the bottom left corner.
• Highlight System eth0 and click the Edit... button.
• Click the Connect automatically checkbox.
• Click the IPv4 Settings tab.
• Click the Method: dropdown and select Manual.
• Click Add and type 192.168.78.51 for the address.
• Leave Netmask at 24.
• In the DNS servers: box, type 192.168.78.51, 192.168.78.52.
• In the Search domains: box, type racattack.
• Click the Apply button.
33

Install Linux
Figure 44 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-eth0 ipv4
settings
10. Highlight System eth1 and click the Edit... button.
• Click the Method: dropdown and select Manual.
• Click Add and type 172.16.100.51.
• Change Netmask to 24.
34

OS Installation
settings
11. Highlight System eth2 and click the Edit... button.
• Click the Method: dropdown and select Automatic (DHCP) addresses only.
• Click Close to close the network conﬁguration menu and click Next.
35

Install Linux
settings
12. Leave the timezone settings as they are and click Next.
Figure 47 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-time zone
36

OS Installation
13. Enter the Root Password as racattack and click Next.
Figure 48 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-root password
14. Click Use Anyway when warned about the weak password.
Figure 49 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-root password
conﬁrm
37

Install Linux
15. Click Use All Space for the installation type and click Next.
Figure 50 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-use all disk
space
16. Click Write changes to disk when warned about Writing storage conﬁguration to
disk.
Figure 51 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-write changes
to disk conﬁrm
38

OS Installation
17. Leave Basic Server as the default installation type. Click Next.
Figure 52 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-default
installation type
18. The operating system will take a while to install.
Figure 53 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-install
progressing
39

Install Linux
19. When the installation is complete, click Reboot.
Figure 54 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-complete
congrats
20. The reboot no longer shows messages, just a progress bar.
• You can see the progress by hitting F8 while the server is booting.
• The system should boot to a command line login prompt.
Figure 55 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Install_OS-post install
reboot progress
40

Linux Post Installation
5.4 Linux Post Installation
1. To connect to the new created virtual machine, create a connection in Putty for the new
VM called collabn1 with the IP Address of 192.168.78.51.
Information
On OS X open a Terminal from Applications->Utilities and enter ssh root@192.168.78.51 on the
commandline. Answer yes to import the host key when you connect to each host for the ﬁrst time.
• Optionally, create another connection for collabn2 with the IP Address of 192.168.78.52 that
will be created later as a clone of collabn1.
Figure 56 Putty connection screen
2. Open the collabn1 connection by clicking Open.
• Click Yes on the Security Alert dialog box.
41

Install Linux
Figure 57 Putty security alert
3. Enter root at the login as: prompt and racattack at the password: prompt.
Figure 58 Putty connected
4. Turn off and disable the ﬁrewall IPTables.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# service iptables stop
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
[root@collabn1 ˜]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@collabn1 ˜]# chkconfig --list iptables
iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off
6:off
42

Linux Post Installation
5. Disable SELinux. Open the config file and change the SELINUX variable from enforc-
ing to disabled.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# vim /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
6. Verify that all the network interfaces are up.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# ip l
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast
state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:4f:8a:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:99:7e:95 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:e2:63:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
7. If you have configured eth2 to connect to the internet, verify that you can ping a website
on the internet.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# ping www.racattack.org
PING www.racattack.org (173.236.152.108) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from apache2-goo.seoul.dreamhost.com (173.236.152.108):
icmp_seq=1 ttl=48 time=204 ms
8. If you are connecting to the internet with a proxy, you need to add these lines in your
/etc/yum.conf file:
proxy=http://<yourproxyaddress>:<port>
proxy_username=<value>
proxy_password=<value>
9. If you cannot connect to the internet (because of network restrictions), you will need to
add the DVD as repository.
Add the DVD device to the server Device -> CD/DVD Devices -> Oracle_Linux_6_-
41.iso
Run the following commands:
43

Install Linux
mount -o loop -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /media/
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
mkdir /tmp/old.yum.repos.d
mv * /tmp/old.yum.repos.d
cat <<EOF > ol64.repo
[OL64]
name=Oracle Linux 6.4 x86_64
baseurl=file:///media
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
EOF
10. Install the database preinstall package oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.
• This package installs all the package requirements for Oracle 12c, conﬁgures kernel param-
eters, creates oracle user and groups and sets the user limits.
• The total download size is 43M for the packages plus 40M for the package list update from the
yum repository. The time taken depends on how fast is the internet connection.
Warning
If you're using the DVD repository you may not ﬁnd the 12cR1 package. Install instead the 11gR2
version (replace 12cR1 with 11gR2 in the name of the package).
[root@collabn1 ˜]# yum install -y oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall
....
Transaction Summary
===
=====================================================================
Install 21 Package(s)
Upgrade 2 Package(s)
Total download size: 43 M
....
Installed:
oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el6
....
Complete!
11. Install additional RPMs that will be used to install and administer the servers.
Warning
If you're using the DVD repository you must install the kernel-uek-devel package manually with:
rpm -ivh /media/Packages/kernel-uek-devel-$(uname -r).rpm.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# yum install -y tigervnc-server.x86_64 xclock man
kernel-uek-devel-$(uname -r) parted.x86_64 unzip.x86_64 xterm lsof bind
xorg-x11-twm
....
44

Install VirtualBox Addons
....
Complete!
12. Uninstall NTP.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# yum remove -y ntp
....
Removed:
ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.4p8-3.el6
....
Complete!
13. Optionally, update all your packages to the latest version. Don't do it during a RAC
Attack event, it may take too much time to be completed within the session.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# yum update -y
....
Upgrade 117 Package(s)
....
Complete!
14. If you've used the DVD repository to install the packages, you need to umount the DVD
before continue with the next steps.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# umount /media
5.5 Install VirtualBox Addons
1. Make the VirtualBox guest additions available to the OS by clicking Devices->Install
Guest Additions.
Figure 59 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Conﬁgure_OS-install guest
additions
45

Install Linux
2. Mount the virtual CD-Rom created by VirtualBox.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# mount /dev/cdrom /media
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
3. Install the VirtualBox Guest Additions. The error related to the step Installing the
Window System drivers is ok to ignore.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# sh /media/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 4.2.14 Guest Additions for
Linux............
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Removing installed version 4.2.14 of VirtualBox Guest Additions...
Copying additional installer modules ...
Installing additional modules ...
Removing existing VirtualBox non-DKMS kernel modules [ OK ]
Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel modules
The headers for the current running kernel were not found. If the
following
module compilation fails then this could be the reason.
The missing package can be probably installed with
yum install kernel-uek-devel-2.6.39-400.17.1.el6uek.x86_64
Building the main Guest Additions module [ OK ]
Building the shared folder support module [ OK ]
Building the OpenGL support module [ OK ]
Doing non-kernel setup of the Guest Additions [ OK ]
You should restart your guest to make sure the new modules are
actually used
Installing the Window System drivers [FAILED]
(Could not find the X.Org or XFree86 Window System.)
4. Dismount the cdrom.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# umount /media
5.6 Configure Bind DNS
1. Enable BIND DNS to start at boot time.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# chkconfig named on
2. Change named directory permissions.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# touch /var/named/racattack
[root@collabn1 ˜]# chmod 664 /var/named/racattack
[root@collabn1 ˜]# chgrp named /var/named/racattack
[root@collabn1 ˜]# chmod g+w /var/named
[root@collabn1 ˜]# chmod g+w /var/named/racattack
3. Backup the BIND configuration file.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# cp /etc/named.conf /etc/named.conf.org
46

Configure Bind DNS
4. Run the following command or edit the /etc/named.conf file to change the named
configuration manually.
sed -i -e 's/listen-on .*/listen-on port 53 { 192.168.78.51; };/'
-e 's/allow-query .*/allow-query { 192.168.78.0/24; localhost;
};n allow-transfer { 192.168.78.0/24; };/'
-e '$azone "racattack" {n type master;n file
"racattack";n};nnzone "in-addr.arpa" {n type master;n file
"in-addr.arpa";n};'
/etc/named.conf
• In bold the lines that have been modified from the default.
options {
listen-on port 53 { 192.168.78.51; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { 192.168.78.0/24; localhost; };
allow-transfer { 192.168.78.0/24; };
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";
zone "racattack" {
type master;
file "racattack";
};
zone "in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "in-addr.arpa";
};
5. Create the zone file for the racattack domain on collabn1.
echo '$TTL 3H
@ IN SOA collabn1 hostmaster (
47

Install Linux
101 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS collabn1
NS collabn2
localhost A 127.0.0.1
collabn1 A 192.168.78.51
collabn1-vip A 192.168.78.61
collabn1-priv A 172.16.100.51
collabn2 A 192.168.78.52
collabn2-vip A 192.168.78.62
collabn2-priv A 172.16.100.52
collabn-cluster-scan A 192.168.78.251
collabn-cluster-scan A 192.168.78.252
collabn-cluster-scan A 192.168.78.253'
> /var/named/racattack
6. Create the reverse zone file on collabn1.
echo '$TTL 3H
@ IN SOA collabn1.racattack. hostmaster.racattack.
(
101 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS collabn1.racattack.
NS collabn2.racattack.
51.78.168.192 PTR collabn1.racattack.
61.78.168.192 PTR collabn1-vip.racattack.
51.100.16.172 PTR collabn1-priv.racattack.
52.78.168.192 PTR collabn2.racattack.
62.78.168.192 PTR collabn2-vip.racattack.
52.100.16.172 PTR collabn2-priv.racattack.
251.78.168.192 PTR collabn-cluster-scan.racattack.
252.78.168.192 PTR collabn-cluster-scan.racattack.
253.78.168.192 PTR collabn-cluster-scan.racattack.'
> /var/named/in-addr.arpa
7. Generate the rndc.key file.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# rndc-confgen -a -r /dev/urandom
wrote key file "/etc/rndc.key"
chgrp named /etc/rndc.key
chmod g+r /etc/rndc.key
8. Restart the named service.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# service named restart
Stopping named: [ OK ]
Starting named: [ OK ]
9. Check that the parameter PEERDNS is set to no in
/etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/ifcfg-eth2 (or /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-
eth2) to prevent the resolv.conf from being overwritten by the dhcp client:
48

Prepare Linux for Oracle
DEVICE=eth2
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=no
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth2"
USERCTL=no
10. If it was set to yes previously, restart the network and verify that the ﬁle /etc/resolv.conf
contains now the correct nameservers:
[root@collabn1 ˜]# service network restart
Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]
Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth2:
Determining IP information for eth2... done.
[ OK ]
11. /etc/resolv.conf should contain:
[root@collabn1 ˜]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script
nameserver 192.168.78.51
nameserver 192.168.78.52
search racattack
12. Check that the master DNS on collabn1 is working.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# nslookup collabn-cluster-scan.racattack
Server: 192.168.78.51
Address: 192.168.78.51#53
Name: collabn-cluster-scan.racattack
Address: 192.168.78.251
Address: 192.168.78.252
Address: 192.168.78.253
5.7 Prepare Linux for Oracle
1. Modify the pam.d login ﬁle to use limits.
49

Install Linux
sed -i -e '/session required pam_selinux.so open/i
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so' /etc/pam.d/login
2. Change the password for the oracle user to racattack.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
3. Create and change the ownership of the directories for Clusterware and the Database
installations.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# mkdir -p /u01/app
[root@collabn1 ˜]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app
4. Modify the Oracle user so that it belongs to the vboxsf group.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# usermod -G oinstall,dba,vboxsf oracle
[root@collabn1 ˜]# id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall)
groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(vboxsf)
50

6 Create Cluster
6.1 Create VirtualBox Shared Storage
1. Shutdown the server:
[root@collabn1 ˜]# shutdown -h now
Broadcast message from root@collabn1.racattack
(/dev/pts/0) at 9:06 ...
The system is going down for halt NOW!
2. In the VirtualBox Manager, select the machine collabn1, click Settings -> Storage.
Select Controller SATA and click on the Add Hard Disk button:
Figure 60 Virtualbox 4: Create Shared Storage - Add Hard Disk
51

Create Cluster
Click on Create New Disk:
Figure 61 Virtualbox 4: Create Shared Storage - Select New Disk
3. Leave VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image) selected and click Next.
Figure 62 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-primary hard disk type
52

Create VirtualBox Shared Storage
4. For the shared storage, select Fixed size and click Next.
Figure 63 Virtualbox 4: Create Shared Storage - Fixed Size
5. Change the location of the ﬁle to the folder racattack12 previously created.
Enter asm1.vdi as disk name.
Enter 5.00Gb as disk size.
Click Create.
Figure 64 Virtualbox 4: Create Shared Storage - Disk Name and
Size
53

Create Cluster
6. Now the disk is physically created with a size of 5Gb, so it can take more time to
complete.
Figure 65 Virtualbox 4: Create Shared Storage - Creation in
progress
7. Repeat the steps to create three more disks:
• asm2.vdi (5.00GB)
8. Finally, four virtual disks should have been created for asm.
Click OK.
Figure 66 Virtualbox 4: Create Shared Storage - 4 disks created
54

Create VirtualBox Shared Storage
9. Make all the asm devices sharable: from VirtualBox Manager, click File -> Virtual
Media Manager.
Figure 67 Virtualbox 4: Create Shared Storage - virtual media
manager
10. For each asm devices: right-click -> Modify:
manager modify
55

Create Cluster
11. Select Shareable and click OK. Do it for the four asm devices.
manager shareable
12. Start the machine collabn1.
You should see now four more disks named /dev/sd*:
[root@collabn1 ˜]# ls -l /dev/sd*
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 Jul 28 10:16 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 Jul 28 10:16 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Jul 28 10:16 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 32 Jul 28 10:16 /dev/sdc
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 48 Jul 28 10:16 /dev/sdd
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 64 Jul 28 10:16 /dev/sde
6.2 Conﬁgure Storage Persistent Naming
1. Once the new disks are visible by the server, add a primary partition on each of them
with fdisk.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or
OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x97cc9f57.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected
by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly
recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units
56

Configure Storage Persistent Naming
to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1): <enter>
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): <enter>
Using default value 652
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
2. Repeat the same step for sdc, sdd and sde.
When finished, all disks have at least a partition:
[root@collabn1 ˜]# ls -l /dev/sd?1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 Jul 28 10:23 /dev/sdb1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 33 Jul 28 10:27 /dev/sdc1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 49 Jul 28 10:27 /dev/sdd1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 65 Jul 28 10:27 /dev/sde1
3. Configure the option -g for the scsi_id command to expect an UUID from the shared
devices.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# ls -l /etc/scsi_id.config
ls: cannot access /etc/scsi_id.config: No such file or directory
[root@collabn1 ˜]# echo "options=-g" > /etc/scsi_id.config
4. Prepare the file /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules by running the following
script:
i=1
cmd="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d"
for disk in sdb sdc sdd sde ; do
cat <<EOF >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="$cmd /dev/$parent",
RESULT=="‘$cmd /dev/$disk‘", NAME="asm-disk$i", OWNER="oracle",
GROUP="dba", MODE="0660"
EOF
i=$(($i+1))
done
5. Once completed, the file should like the following (except for the scsi UUID).
Note: The lines beginning with "KERNEL" should not be splitted.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d
/dev/$parent", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB2216c54a-825b4598",
57

Create Cluster
NAME="asm-disk1", OWNER="oracle", GROUP="dba", MODE="0660"
/dev/$parent", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB83dd4d7f-d052e72c",
/dev/$parent", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB636da22f-87dc2f88",
/dev/$parent", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB86aaf297-60dcda74",
6. Reload the udev rules and restart udev:
[root@collabn1 ˜]# /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
[root@collabn1 ˜]# /sbin/udevadm test /block/sdb/sdb1
[root@collabn1 ˜]# /sbin/udevadm test /block/sdc/sdc1
[root@collabn1 ˜]# /sbin/udevadm test /block/sdd/sdd1
[root@collabn1 ˜]# /sbin/udevadm test /block/sde/sde1
[root@collabn1 ˜]# /sbin/udevadm control --reload-rules
[root@collabn1 ˜]# /sbin/start_udev
Starting udev: [OK]
7. The new disks are ready for use:
[root@collabn1 ˜]# ls -l /dev/asm*
brw-rw----. 1 oracle dba 8, 17 Jul 30 16:17 /dev/asm-disk1
6.3 Clone VirtualBox VM
1. Shutdown the VM.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# shutdown -h now
Broadcast message from root@collabn1.racattack
(/dev/pts/0) at 8:42 ...
The system is going down for halt NOW!
58

Clone VirtualBox VM
2. Clone the disk collabn1.vdi: from VirtualBox Manager, click File -> Virtual Media
Manager.
Figure 70 Virtualbox 4: Virtual box manager
3. Right-click on the disk collabn1.vdi and click Copy...
Figure 71 Virtualbox 4: Clone Disk - Virtual Media Manager
copy
59

Create Cluster
4. Leave the ﬁle collabn1.vdi, click Next.
Figure 72 Virtualbox 4: Clone Disk - Virtual Media Manager HD
to copy
5. Leave VDI as ﬁle type. Click Next.
Figure 73 Virtualbox 4: Clone Disk - HD type
60

Clone VirtualBox VM
6. Leave Dinamically allocated. Click Next.
Figure 74 Virtualbox 4: Clone Disk - allocation type
7. Type in the full path or choose through the browse icon the Location for the disk ﬁle to
be created.
Again, it's better to use the common folder racattack12c previously created for all the
virtual disks.
The ﬁle should be named collabn2.vdi.
61

Create Cluster
Click Copy.
Figure 75 Virtualbox 4: Clone Disk - new disk name
8. Click Close to exit from the Virtual Media Manager.
6.4 Create Second VirtualBox VM
1. In VirtualBox, click New icon in the upper left corner to create the new VM.
62

Create Second VirtualBox VM
2. Type in collabn2 for the Name of the VM. Choose Linux for the Type and Oracle (64
bit) for the Version and click Next.
Figure 76 Virtualbox 4: Second VM Name and OS
3. Type 3072 in the Size ﬁeld and click Next.
Figure 77 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-vm memory
63

Create Cluster
4. Select Use an existing virtual hard drive file and use the folder icon to locate the file
collabn2.vdi previously created.
Click Create to complete the creation of the second VM.
Figure 78 Virtualbox 4: Create second vm - Use existing HD
5. There are now two virtual machines; collabn2 being a clone of collabn1.
From the main screen, select the virtual machine collabn2 and click the Settings icon in
the upper left hand corner.
Figure 79 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Configure_OS-finished
cloning
64

6. Open the USB sub-menu. Uncheck the Enable USB Controller check box.
Figure 80 RA-vbox 4214-create vm-usb settings
7. Open the Network sub-menu. Under the Adapter 1 tab, change the Attached to:
dropdown to Host-only Adapter.
Figure 81 VirtualBox_Settings_Network_Adapter_1
65

Create Cluster
Attached to: dropdown to Internal Network and type the name rac-priv in the Name
ﬁeld.
Attached to: dropdown to NAT.
10. Select the Shared Folders tab. Click Add Shared Folder.
Enter the path where you've downloaded the Oracle installation media and enter a name
for your folder.
66

Check Auto-mount and click OK.
Figure 84 VirtualBox_New_VM_Settings_Shared folder
11. Open the Storage sub-menu.
Click on Controller SATA and then on Add Disk:
Figure 85 VirtualBox New VM Settings - Add shared storage
67

Create Cluster
12. Click on Choose existing disk:
Figure 86 VirtualBox New VM Settings - Choose existing disk
13. Select the disk asm1.vdi and click Open.
Figure 87 VirtualBox New VM Settings - Choose existing disk
ASM
14. Repeat the operation to add all remaining asm disks.
Figure 88 VirtualBox New VM Settings - Storage added
68

Configure Second Linux VM
15. Click on Ok to save the modifications.
16. Review the summary of the new virtual machine.
Figure 89 Vbox 4: Create Second VM - complete VM settings
17. Start the collabn2 VM.
6.5 Configure Second Linux VM
1. The network won't be available yet because we reinitialized the network adapters so the
following changes will need to be done in the VM. Log in as root/racattack. Type the
command system-config-network. Device configuration is already highlighted. Press
Enter.
Figure 90 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Configure_OS-post clone
network change
69

Create Cluster
2. eth0 (eth0) - Ethernet is already highlighted. Press Enter.
network save devices
3. Go down to the Static IP line. Change the IP to 192.168.78.52. Go down to Ok and
press Enter.
network eth0
70

4. Select eth1 (eth1) - Ethernet and press Enter. Go down to the Static IP line. Change
the IP to 172.16.100.52. Go down to Ok and press Enter.
network eth1
5. Tab down to Save and press Enter.
network save devices
71

Create Cluster
6. Arrow down to DNS configuration and press Enter.
DNS configuration
7. In the Hostname field, change to collabn2.racattack. Tab down to Ok and press Enter.
network dns change
72

8. Tab down to Save&Quit and press Enter.
network save quit
9. Remove the udev network rules file. It will be regenerated on the next reboot with the
new MAC addresses.
[root@collabn2 ˜]# rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
10. Remove the HWADDR and UUID lines in the network adapter configuration files.
[root@collabn2 ˜]# sed -i -e '/HWADDR/d' -e '/UUID/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth[0-2]
11. Reboot the collabn2 VM by typing reboot.
Start the collabn1 VM as well and start Putty sessions for both.
Figure 98 RA-Oracle_Linux_6_64bit-Configure_OS-collabn1
reboot
12. Verify that all the network interfaces are up.
73

Create Cluster
[root@collabn2 ˜]# ip l
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:c9:39:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:33:bd:a8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:5f:61:29 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
13. Verify that all the ASM devices are visible.
[root@collabn2 ˜]# ls -l /dev/asm*
brw-rw----. 1 oracle dba 8, 17 Aug 5 15:40 /dev/asm-disk1
6.6 Complete DNS Setup
1. Open a session on collabn2.
2. Stop the DNS service.
[root@collabn2 ˜]# service named stop
Stopping named: . [ OK ]
3. Remove the actual DNS ﬁles.
[root@collabn2 ˜]# rm /var/named/racattack /var/named/in-addr.arpa
rm: remove regular file ‘/var/named/racattack'? y
rm: remove regular file ‘/var/named/in-addr.arpa'? y
4. Modify the ﬁle /etc/named.conf by using the following command:
sed -i -e 's/listen-on .*/listen-on port 53 { 192.168.78.52; };/'
-e 's/type master;/type slave;n masters {192.168.78.51; };/'
/etc/named.conf
so that at the end it looks like this one:
options {
listen-on port 53 { 192.168.78.52; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { 192.168.78.0/24; localhost; };
allow-transfer { 192.168.78.0/24; };
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
74

Complete DNS Setup
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";
zone "racattack" {
type slave;
masters { 192.168.78.51; };
file "racattack";
};
zone "in-addr.arpa" {
type slave;
masters { 192.168.78.51; };
file "in-addr.arpa";
};
5. Start the named service.
[root@collabn2 ˜]# service named start
Starting named: [ OK ]
6. Check that both the master on collabn1 and slave on collabn2 DNS servers are working.
Run all the following statements to verify the correct conﬁguration of both DNS servers:
[root@collabn2 ˜]# dig @collabn1 collabn1.racattack
[root@collabn2 ˜]# dig @collabn1 collabn1-vip.racattack
[root@collabn2 ˜]# dig @collabn1 collabn1-priv.racattack
[root@collabn2 ˜]# dig @collabn1 collabn-cluster-scan.racattack
[root@collabn2 ˜]# dig @collabn2 collabn-cluster-scan.racattack
75

Create Cluster
6.7 VNC Server Setup
1. Configure VNC Server with the oracle account (passwords won't be displayed):
[root@collabn1 ˜]# su - oracle
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ vncserver :1
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password: racattack
Verify: racattack
xauth: creating new authority file /home/oracle/.Xauthority
New 'collabn1.racattack:1 (oracle)' desktop is collabn1.racattack:1
Creating default startup script /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/collabn1.racattack:1.log
2. Open a vncviewer on your laptop and fill the ip address of collabn1 followed by :1.
Information
On OS X and Linux you can use X11 forwarding instead of VNC. To do that, use the -X flag with
your ssh command as in ssh -X -l oracle 192.168.78.51. If you are using Mountain Lion or later,
you may have to install XQuartz first as described at
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT5293
Figure 99 RA-VNCViewer-Connect form
76

VNC Server Setup
3. Enter the password racattack when prompted:
Figure 100 RA-VNCViewer-Password form
4. The graphical interface is ready for the Grid Infrastructure Installation.
Figure 101 RA-VNCViewer-Connected
77

7 Install Grid Infrastructure
7.1 Prepare for GI Install
1. Verify that the VirtualBox Shared folder containing the installation media is mounted
correctly and that Oracle has access to it:
[root@collabn1 ˜]# su - oracle
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_collabn1-lv_root
27407400 2798080 23217092 11% /
tmpfs 1544640 0 1544640 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 495844 55641 414603 12% /boot
12cR1 976728060 863308936 113419124 89% /media/sf_12cR1
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ ls -l /media/sf_12cR1
total 6295549
-rwxrwx---. 1 root vboxsf 1361028723 Jun 27 16:21
linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip
linuxamd64_12c_grid_1of2.zip
2. You can decide to unzip it from your laptop (using Windows native functionalities,
WinZip, 7-Zip or other tools or directly from the server.
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ cd /media/sf_12cR1
[oracle@collabn1 sf_12cR1]$ unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip
Archive: linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip
creating: database/ OK
inflating: database/welcome.html OK
creating: database/response/ OK
inflating: database/response/db_install.rsp OK
inflating: database/response/netca.rsp OK
inflating: database/response/dbca.rsp OK
creating: database/sshsetup/ OK
inflating: database/sshsetup/sshUserSetup.sh OK
creating: database/rpm/ OK
inflating: database/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm OK
[...]
[oracle@collabn1 sf_12cR1]$ unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip
[...]
[oracle@collabn1 sf_12cR1]$ unzip linuxamd64_12c_grid_1of2.zip
[...]
[oracle@collabn1 sf_12cR1]$ unzip linuxamd64_12c_grid_2of2.zip
[...]
79

Install Grid Infrastructure
3. big>Once the package decompression is completed, you'll end up with two directories, grid and
database containing the installation ﬁles.
[oracle@collabn1 sf_12cR1]$ ls -l
total 6295549
drwxrwx---. 1 root vboxsf 0 Jul 3 06:38 database
drwxrwx---. 1 root vboxsf 0 Jun 10 08:15 grid
4. Install the cvuqdisk package as root:
[root@collabn1 ˜]# rpm -Uvh /media/sf_12cR1/grid/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
Preparing...
########################################### [100%]
Using default group oinstall to install package
1:cvuqdisk
########################################### [100%]
[root@collabn1 ˜]#
5. Do the same on node collabn2:
[root@collabn2 ˜]# rpm -Uvh /media/sf_12cR1/grid/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
Preparing...
########################################### [100%]
Using default group oinstall to install package
1:cvuqdisk
########################################### [100%]
[root@collabn2 ˜]#
7.2 Install Grid Infrastructure
1. From the VNC remote session, run the installation of Grid Infrastructure as oracle:
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ /media/sf_12cR1/grid/runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 22670 MB
Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 3023 MB
Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.
Actual 16777216 Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from
/tmp/OraInstall2013-08-06_04-25-00PM. Please wait ...[oracle@collabn1
80

˜]$
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$
2. The Installation starts displaying a Splash Screen:
Figure 102 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Splash
3. Leave Skip software updates and click Next:
Figure 103 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Software Updates
81

4. Leave Install and Conﬁgure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster and click Next:
Figure 104 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Installation option
5. Leave Conﬁgure a Standard Cluster and click Next:
Figure 105 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Cluster Type
82

6. Leave Typical Installation and click Next:
Figure 106 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Installation type
7. In the SCAN Name box, enter collabn-cluster-scan.racattack
In the central box, only the ﬁrst node is displayed. Click Add... and enter the network
names of the second node:
•
• Public Hostname: collabn2.racattack
• Virtual Hostname: collabn2-vip.racattack
Figure 107 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Cluster conﬁguration
83

8. Click SSH connectivity...
Figure 108 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Cluster conﬁguration
done
9. Enter racattack as the password of oracle user and click Setup.
Figure 109 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-SSH connectivity
84

10. The setup of SSH equivalency is initiated.
Figure 110 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-SSH connectivity
progress
11. Click OK when it's completed.
Figure 111 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-SSH connectivity OK
12. Click on Identify Network Interfaces...
Check that the correct addresses are set:
• eth0 is marked as Public
• eth1 is marked as Private
• eth2 is marked as Do Not Use
85

Click OK to close the Identify Network Interfaces window.
Finally, click Next
Figure 112 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Identify Network
Interfaces
13. Some prerequisite validation is done at this step. It can require some minutes to complete.
Figure 113 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Installer validation
86

14. Since the SCAN Name chosen is too long (more than 15 chars.) Oracle proposes a
different name as the Cluster Name. Click Yes.
Figure 114 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Conﬁrm Cluster Name
15. Leave the default Oracle Base and Software Location.
In the Cluster Registry Storage Type combo box, select Oracle Automatic Storage
Management
Enter racattack as the SYSASM password.
Select dba as OSASM group.
Click Next.
Figure 115 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Install Locations
87

16. racattack is a weak password and Oracle raise an alert. Click Yes to continue:
Figure 116 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Sysasm weak password
17. Leave DATA as Disk Group Name.
Select External redundancy (it is safe to do this in a RAC Attack event!).
The Candidate Disks list is empty. Click on Change Discovery Path...
Enter /dev/asm* in the Disk Discovery Path text ﬁeld.
Click Ok.
Figure 117 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Create ASM Diskgroup
18. Check two disks that will be immediately allocated to the new disk group.
88

Click Next
Figure 118 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Create ASM Diskgroup
disks
19. Leave the default Inventory Directory. Click Next.
Figure 119 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Create Inventory
20. Check Automatically run conﬁguration script and then Use "root" user credentials.
89

Enter racattack as the password of root and click Next.
Figure 120 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Root script execution
credentials
21. It takes some time to complete the prerequisite checks.
Figure 121 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Prerequisite Check
progress
22. If everything is correct, you will notice two checks that have failed:
• Physical Memory
• Device Checks for ASM
90

Check "Ignore All" and click Next.
Figure 122 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Prerequisite checks
23. Click Yes to conﬁrm that you want to skip some prerequisites.
Figure 123 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Prerequisite checks
continue
91

24. The summary page appears. Optionally, click Save Response File and choose a location
to have the response ﬁle saved for this installation session.
Figure 124 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Save response ﬁle
25. Review the summary and click Install to start the installation.
Figure 125 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Summary
92

26. The installation starts. It may take more than an hour, depending on your laptop hardware.
Figure 126 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Install product progress
27. After a while, the installation asks a conﬁrmation before running some scripts as root.
Click Yes to continue.
Figure 127 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Conﬁrm root execution
93

28. The installation continues, again, it may take longtime to complete. Once it's ﬁnished,
click on Close to exit.
Figure 128 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-Install-Completed
7.3 Check Cluster Status After GI Install
1. Once your Grid Infrastructure installation is ﬁnished, you can get the status of the cluster
components:
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ crsctl stat res -t
-----------
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State
details
-----------
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
-----------
---------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE collabn1 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE collabn1
Started,STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE collabn2
Started,STABLE
ora.net1.network
94

Check Cluster Status After GI Install
ora.ons
-----------
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
-----------
---------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE collabn2 STABLE
ora.collabn1.vip
ora.collabn2.vip
ora.cvu
ora.oc4j
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
ora.scan2.vip
ora.scan3.vip
-----------
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Optional step: in order to increase the resistance of your nodes to the huge latency of a
Virtualbox environment, you can increase the timeout of CRS before it causes a fencing
(restart) of the node.
You'll need to stop the second node while applying the conﬁguration to the ﬁrst node.
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ ssh collabn2
[oracle@collabn2 ˜]$ su -
Password:
[root@collabn2 ˜]# . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [root] ? +ASM2
The Oracle base has been set to /u01/app/oracle
[root@collabn2 ˜]# crsctl stop crs
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability
Services-managed resources on 'collabn2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'collabn2'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed
resources on 'collabn2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'collabn2'
...
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'collabn2' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed
resources on 'collabn2' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
[root@collabn2 ˜]# exit
logout
[oracle@collabn2 ˜]$ exit
logout
Connection to collabn2 closed.
95

[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ su -
Password:
[root@collabn1 ˜]# crsctl get css misscount
CRS-4678: Successful get misscount 30 for Cluster Synchronization
Services.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# crsctl set css misscount 90
CRS-4684: Successful set of parameter misscount to 90 for Cluster
Synchronization Services.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# crsctl get css disktimeout
CRS-4678: Successful get disktimeout 200 for Cluster Synchronization
Services.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# crsctl set css disktimeout 600
CRS-4684: Successful set of parameter disktimeout to 600 for Cluster
Synchronization Services.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# ssh collabn2
root@collabn2's password:
Last login: Tue Aug 6 16:19:56 2013 from 192.168.78.51
[root@collabn2 ˜]# crsctl start crs
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
The start command returns the prompt in few seconds. However it can take minutes
before the whole stack is started entirely.
7.4 ASM Conﬁguration
1. From a VNC session, run the ASM Conﬁguration Assistant:
[oracle@collabn1 ˜] . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [oracle] ? +ASM1
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ asmca
96

ASM Conﬁguration
2. The asmca opens on the Disk Groups tab, showing the DATA diskgroup created by the
installer. Click on Create.
Figure 129 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-asmca-diskgroups
3. Enter FRA as the disk group name.
Choose external (none) redundancy.
Check one disk to create a 5Gb diskgroup.
Click OK.
Figure 130 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-asmca-add_diskgroups
97

4. The diskgroup is being created.
Figure 131 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-asmca-Creating diskgroup
5. The diskgroup is created.
Figure 132 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-asmca-Diskgroup created
6. Click on the Volumes tab, then on Create.
EnterSHARED as the volume name.
Choose the diskgroup DATA.
The size will be irrelevant in our labs, so enter 1.
98

ASM Conﬁguration
Click OK.
Figure 133 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-asmca-Creating volume
7. The volume is created.
Figure 134 RA-Oracle GI 12101-asmca-Volume created
8. Select the ASM Cluster File Systems tab.
99

Click Create.
Figure 135 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-asmca-Filesystems
9. Select Cluster File System.
Mountpoint: /shared
Check Automount.
User Name: oracle
Group Name: dba
Volume: SHARED
Click OK.
Figure 136 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-asmca-Creating Filesystem
100

ASM Configuration
10. To complete the filesystem creation, run this script as root.
Figure 137 RA-Oracle_GI_12101-asmca-Creating Filesystem
acfs script
[root@collabn1 ˜]# /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/asmca/scripts/acfs_script.sh
ACFS file system /shared is mounted on nodes collabn1
ACFS file system /shared is mounted on nodes collabn2
11. Finally, the filesystem is mounted on both nodes.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# df -k
27407400 8778184 17236988 34% /
tmpfs 1544640 653576 891064 43% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 495844 55641 414603 12% /boot
12cR1 976728060 863308972 113419088 89%
/media/sf_12cR1
/dev/asm/shared-336 1048576 80176 968400 8% /shared
[root@collabn2 ˜]# df -k
27407400 8883544 17131628 35% /
tmpfs 1544640 653576 891064 43% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 495844 55641 414603 12% /boot
/dev/asm/shared-336 1048576 80176 968400 8% /shared
101

8 Install Database Software
1. In a VNC session, run the installer as oracle user.
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ /media/sf_12cR1/database/runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 16829 MB
Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 3023 MB
Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.
Actual 16777216 Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from
/tmp/OraInstall2013-08-08_06-27-48PM. Please wait ...
2. The splash screen appears.
Figure 138 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Splash
103

Install Database Software
3. Uncheck I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support and click Next.
Figure 139 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Security_updates
4. Click Yes to conﬁrm that you don't want to be informed about security updates.
Figure 140 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Address not speciﬁed
104

ASM Conﬁguration
5. Select Skip software updates and click Next.
Figure 141 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Software_updates
6. Select Install database software only and click Next.
Figure 142 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Installation option
105

7. Select Oracle Real Application Clusters database installation and click Next.
Figure 143 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Grid Installation
option
8. Verify that all nodes are selected and click Next.
Figure 144 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Node selection
106

ASM Conﬁguration
9. Click Next to accept the default language selection.
Figure 145 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Product languages
10. Select Enterprise Edition and click Next.
Figure 146 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Database edition
11. If you have previously created the ACFS 1Gb ﬁlesystem, you'll need to specify another
location now.
Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracle
Software location: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
107

Click Next.
Figure 147 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Installation location
12. Leave dba for all groups except for the OSOPER group (leave it empty) and click Next.
Figure 148 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Operating system
groups
108

ASM Conﬁguration
13. The installer checks all prerequisites.
Figure 149 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Prerequisite checks
14. Review the installation summary, optionally save a response ﬁle, and click Install.
Figure 150 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Summary
109

15. The installation can take half an hour on common laptop conﬁgurations.
Figure 151 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Installation progress
16. right before completing, the installer ask to run a script on both nodes as root. Don't
click OK.
Figure 152 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Execute root scripts
17. Execute the script on both nodes as root.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 12c
The following environment variables are set as:
110

ASM Conﬁguration
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory:
[/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
[root@collabn1 ˜]# ssh collabn2
root@collabn2's password:
Last login: Thu Aug 8 16:54:49 2013 from 192.168.78.1
[root@collabn2 ˜]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 12c
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory:
[/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
18. Click OK on the previous window, then click Close to exit the Installer.
Figure 153 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-Install-Completed
111

9 Create Database
1. Run the Database Conﬁguration Assistant:
[oracle@collabn1 ˜]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbca
2. The splash screen appears.
Figure 154 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-DBCA Splash
113

Create Database
3. Select Create Database and click Next.
Figure 155 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-DBCA Database Operation
4. Select Create a database with default conﬁguration.
Global Database Name: RAC.racattack
Storage Type: Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
Database Files Location: +DATA
Fast Recovery Area: +FRA
Database Character Set: AL32UTF8 - Unicode UTF-8 Universal character set
Administrative password: racattack
Check Create As Container Database
Pluggable Database Name: PDB (*)
Warning
(*) There are a large number of differences between a Container Database (CDB) and a
standard Database (non-CDB). If you are not ready to experiment with too many new
technologies together, just leave unchecked Create As Container Database.
114

ASM Conﬁguration
Click Next.
Figure 156 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-DBCA Creation mode
5. A warning is shown because the password is weak. Click Yes to continue.
6. The prerequisite checks may fail due to space requirements. It's safe to ignore by checking
Ignore all.
Click Next.
Figure 157 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-DBCA Prerequisite checks
115

Create Database
7. Review the summary page and click Finish.
Figure 158 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-DBCA Summary
8. The database creation is ﬁnished. Click Exit, then Close.
Figure 159 RA-Oracle_RAC_12101-DBCA Database Created
116

10 Contributors
Edits User
16 ArdentPerf1
50 Bjoern.rost2
232 Ludovicocaldara3
5 Maazanjum.charming4
1 MartinNash5
24 Seth Miller6
10 Yvelik7
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• CFR: Copyright free use.
119

List of Figures
• EPL: Eclipse Public License. http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/epl-v10.
php
• MS: Copyright Microsoft Corporation.
• FAIR: Fair Use
• WEB: Copyrighted Web Page
Copies of the GPL, the LGPL as well as a GFDL are included in chapter Licenses8. Please note that
images in the public domain do not require attribution. You may click on the image numbers in the
following table to open the webpage of the images in your webbrower.
8 Chapter 11 on page 125
120

List of Figures
1 Ludovico Caldara cc-by-sa-3.0
2 Oracle Corporation, Ludovico Caldara WEB
8 Oracle Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Ludovico Caldara FAIR
14 Oracle Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Seth Miller FAIR
16 Microsoft Corporation, Ludovico Caldara FAIR
35 Seth Miller9 cc-by-sa-3.0
36 Oracle Corporation, Seth Miller FAIR
9 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User%3ASeth%20Miller
121

List of Figures
122

List of Figures
99 RealVNC Ltd, Microsoft Corporation, Ludovico Caldara FAIR
102 Oracle Corporation, Ludovico Caldara FAIR
123

List of Figures
124

11 Licenses
11.1 Fair Use
Screenshots of proprietary software and websites are copyrighted. It is impossi-
ble to create public domain or free screenshots of proprietary software or web-
sites. These screenshots are being used under "fair use" to illustrate how to use
certain proprietary software.
These screenshots may contain copyrighted computer software, and the copy-
right for their contents is most likely held by the author(s) or the company that
created the software. It is believed that the limited use of these screenshots:
• for identification of, and critical commentary on, the software in question
• in the absence of a free alternative,
• in this free educational textbook created and maintained by the professional
community
qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law. Any other uses of these
images may be copyright infringement.
11.2 Copyrighted Web
Pages
These images may contain screenshots of copyrighted web pages, and the copy-
right for them is most likely held by owner(s) of the website(s). They may also
contain trademarked logos, which are likely not affiliated with RAC Attack. It
is believed that the limited use of
• for identification and critical commentary relating to the website in question
• in this free educational textbook created and maintained by the professional
community
qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law. Any other uses of these
images may be copyright infringement.
11.3 Use of Microsoft
Copyrighted
Content
This screenshot of Microsoft software (or parts of it) is copyrighted by Mi-
crosoft Corporation.
Microsoft permits the use of unmodified screenshots in documentation (includ-
ing educational brochures), tutorial books, and on websites, as declared below:
Used with permission from Microsoft.
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/Permissions/default.aspx
11.4 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and
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The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take
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We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our
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accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your
New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible
use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which
everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them
to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty;
126

GNU Free Documentation License
and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the
full notice is found.
<one line to give the program’s name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copy-
right (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Soft-
ware Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABIL-
ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program comes with
ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘show w’. This is free soft-
ware, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type
‘show c’ for details.
The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show the appropri-
ate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program’s commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For
more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may con-
sider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If
this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead
of this License. But first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-
lgpl.html>.
11.5 GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<http://fsf.org/>
document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional
and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the ef-
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because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come
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regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or
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A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, repre-
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The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of the Docu-
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A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
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modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers
are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards
disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers
may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License. 2. VERBA-
TIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the
license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in
all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this Li-
cense. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or
further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number
of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may
publicly display copies. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed
covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document’s li-
cense notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that
carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must
present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible.
You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
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satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should
put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and con-
tinue the rest onto adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-
network location from which the general network-using public has access to
download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy
of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must
take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in
quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the
stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document
well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to
provide you with an updated version of the Document. 4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified
Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role
of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified
Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things
in the Modified Version:
* A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that
of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there
were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the
same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives
permission. * B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its
principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this
requirement. * C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher. * D. Preserve all the copyright notices of
the Document. * E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifica-
tions adjacent to the other copyright notices. * F. Include, immediately after
the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the
Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Ad-
dendum below. * G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license notice. *
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. * I. Preserve the section Entitled
"History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year,
new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.
If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the
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then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sen-
tence. * J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These
may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for
a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if
the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. * K. For any
section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of
the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the
contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. * L. Preserve
all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their
titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section
titles. * M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may
not be included in the Modified Version. * N. Do not retitle any existing section
to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
* O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that
qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Docu-
ment, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invari-
ant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
Version’s license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
titles.
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing
but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties—for example,
statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization
as the authoritative definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a pas-
sage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover
Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one
of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any
one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are
acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one,
on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give per-
mission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement
of any Modified Version. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this Li-
cense, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, pro-
vided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of
the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of
your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their War-
ranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make
the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses,
the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else
a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the
various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise
combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled
"Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements". 6. COL-
LECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License
in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection,
provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each
of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it indi-
vidually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the
extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding ver-
batim copying of that document. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT
WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and in-
dependent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution
medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compila-
tion is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what
the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate,
this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not
themselves derivative works of the Document.
127

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If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the
Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the
Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document
within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is
in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
the whole aggregate. 8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute transla-
tions of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sec-
tions with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders,
but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to
the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation
of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty
Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this
License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or
a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications",
or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will
typically require changing the actual title. 9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
under this License.
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a par-
ticular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copy-
right holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently,
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Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated perma-
nently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable
means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License
(for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to
30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of
parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your
rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy
of some or all of the same material does not give you any rights to use it. 10.
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new
problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any
later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and con-
ditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been pub-
lished (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does
not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be
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thorizes you to choose that version for the Document. 11. RELICENSING
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any World
Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides promi-
nent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can
edit is an example of such a server. A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration"
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published on the MMC site.
"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license
published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with
a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future
copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization.
"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as
part of another Document.
An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this License, and
if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than
this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC,
(1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior
to November 1, 2008.
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site un-
der CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided
the MMC is eligible for relicensing. ADDENDUM: How to use this License
for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the Li-
cense in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just
after the title page:
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute
and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foun-
dation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Doc-
umentation License".
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, re-
place the "with ... Texts." line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover
Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination
of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license,
such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.
11.6 GNU Lesser General Public License
GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
document, but changing it is not allowed.
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms
and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented
by the additional permissions listed below. 0. Additional Definitions.
As used herein, “this License” refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General
Public License, and the “GNU GPL” refers to version 3 of the GNU General
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“The Library” refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an
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3 of the GNU GPL.
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being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL. 2. Conveying Modified Versions.
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tices, as well as a reference directing the user to the copies of the GNU GPL and
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Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, and the Corresponding
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recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of the Linked Ver-
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6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
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GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
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128

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