Radio Network Coverage and Capacity Planning (GSM).ppt

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Huawei Confidential
GSM Radio
Network
Coverage &
Capacity Planning
GSM&UMTS Pre-sales RNP Department

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Capacity Dimensioning
Coverage Dimensioning
• Overview
• Link Budget
• Propagation Model
• Coverage Dimensioning
• Coverage Solution

Overview
C3Q
 Coverage, Capacity, Quality & Cost
GSM Dimensioning Flow
Capacity
Qualit
y
Coverage
COST
START
Link Budget
Propagation
Cell Radius
BTS Quantity
for coverage
Coverage
Requirement
Frequency
Resource
Capacity
Enhance tech.
Max. BTS
Configuration
Capacity
per BTS
Satisfy capacity
Requirement?
Output result
END
Adjust BTS
Quantity
Frequency
Reuse Pattern
Y
N

Inputs & Outputs of Dimensioning
Capacity Related
－ Spectrum Available
－ Subscriber Growth Forecast
－ Traffic Density
Coverage Related
－ Coverage Region
－ Area Type Information
－ Propagation Condition
QoS Related
－ Blocking Probability
－ Indoor Coverage
Inputs
Cell Radius
Number of BTS
TRX Configuration
Subs. per BTS
Abis Configuration
……
－ Location Probability
－ Acceptable Delay

Link Budget (Uplink)
Path Loss
Cable Loss
Antenna Gain
BTS
Sensitivity
Penetration
Loss
MS Transmit Power
MS Antenna Gain
BTS Antenna
Diversity Gain
Slow fading margin
Interference margin
Body Loss
Feeder Loss
Penetration Loss
Maximum
allowable path
loss
UPLINK BUDGET
BTS Rx sensitivity
Gain
Margin
Loss
TMA Gain (optional)
BTS Antenna Gain

Link Budget (Downlink)
BTS Transmit Power
MS Antenna Gain
BTS Antenna Gain Slow fading margin
Interference margin
Body Loss
Feeder Loss
Penetration Loss
Maximum
allowable path
loss
DOWNLINK BUDGET
MS Rx sensitivity
Gain
Margin
Loss
Path Loss
Cable Loss
Antenna Gain
BTS
Tx Power
Penetration
Loss
Combiner Loss
TMA Insertion Loss (optional)

MS/BTS Tx Power & Rx Sensitivity
MS
 Typical Tx Power: 2w (33dBm)
 Typical Rx Sensitivity: -102dBm (for planning)
BTS
 Typical Tx Power: 40w (46dBm)
 Typical Rx Sensitivity: -110dBm (depends on BTS’s performance)
TRX/BTS Model
Tx Power
Rx Sensitivity
Normal PBT/PBU
DTRU (BTS3012/…) 40w/60w 60w/80w -112.5dBm
Normal TRX
(BTS312/…)
40w/60w (900)
40w (1800)
80w/100w
(900)
80w (1800)
-110dBm (900)
-109dBm
(1800)
DDRM (BTS3006C) 63w/40w
55w/40w
Not support -112.5dBm

Antenna Selection
Antenna type
 From direction point of view:
 Omni
 Directional
 From polarization point of view:
 Vertical
 Cross (slant, +/- 45°)
 From shape point of view
Cross Polarization
Vertical
Polarization

Antenna Parameters
 Antenna gain:
 dBi (compare with ideal, isotropic antenna)
 dBd (compare with half wave dipole)
 Horizontal Beamwidth (3-dB angle, half-power angle)
 65°, 90°, 120°, 360°, …
 Frequency band: single band, dual band, tri-band
 Downtilt: mechanical, fixed electrical tilt, MET, RET
 No. of ports; Front to back ratio; Size; Price…
Antenna Selection
2.15d
B
60° Peak
- 3dB
- 3dB

Antenna Selection
General principle
 Urban
 Directional
 Cross polarization
 Medium gain (15~17 dBi)
 65-degree H-BW
 Electrical downtilt
 Rural
 Directional or Omni
 High gain
 90-degree H-BW
 Indoor
 Distributed Antenna
System
 Small antennas with low
gain
 Highway
 Directional or special
 Very high gain
 30/65-degree H-BW
 Mountain
 Directional or special
omni
 Medium gain
 Tunnel
 Directional
 High gain
 Narrow beamwidth
 Leak cable for long
tunnel
 ……

Feeder Loss in Link Budget
Feeder Loss in Link Budget includes:
--- Feeder loss b/w BTS and antenna
--- Jumper Loss b/w BTS and antenna
--- Connectors loss b/w BTS and antenna
7/8 inch Feeder:
4.03dB/100m@900MHz
5.87dB/100m@1800MHz
5/4 inch Feeder:
2.98dB/100m@900MHz
4.31dB/100m@1800MHz
Cable
Loss
½ inch jumper:
11.2dB/100m@900MHz
16.1dB/100m@1800MHz

Tower Mounted Amplifier
Technical Theory of TMA
 TMA is to reduce the noise figure of BTS, so as to improve the
sensitivity of BTS.
TMA Affect link budget
 Improve uplink
 Generally, the TMA gain can be calculated as to against feeder loss
between BTS and TMA.
 Worsen downlink
 Introduce insertion loss (0.5~1
dB) to downlink
Affect the Stability of network

Slow fading (long term fading)
Fast fading (short term fading)
 Caused by multi-path propagation
 Adopt diversity tech. to against fast fading
 Generally, space & polarity diversity (~3dB diversity gain)
Fading and Diversity

Slow Fading Margin
Slow Fading
 Signal levels obey Log-Normal distribution
Slow Fading Margin depends on:
 Area Coverage Probability
– The higher coverage probability is, the more SFM required
 Standard Deviation
– The higher standard deviation is, the more SFM required
Received Signal Level [dBm]
Probability
Density
Fmedian (x)
Fthreshold
Coverage Probability:
P COVERAGE (x) = P [ F(x) > Fthreshold ]

SFM required

Penetration Loss & Body Loss
Building Penetration Loss
 Relate to frequency and building character
 Frequency   Penetration loss 
 Wall: 5~30 dB (concrete / brick / wood / …)
 Glass / Car: 6~10 dB
 Elevator: ~30dB
 ……
X dBm
W dBm
Penetration Loss=X - W
Scenario
1.8/1.9/2.1
GHz
800/900
MHz
450 MHz
Dense
urban
18~28 18~25 14~22
Urban 16~23 14~20 10~18
Suburban 11~19 10~16 8~14
Rural 8 8 6~12
Highway 8 8 8
Body loss 2~3
Frequency
 Typical penetration loss value (dB)
E1
θ
θ
D
W1 W2
E2

Path Loss
Path Loss - Loss between BTS antenna and MS antenna
 Key point! Figure out the allowable max. path loss
Name Item Name Item
BTS Tx Power A TMA gain H
MS Tx Power B Penetration loss I
BTS antenna gain C Slow fading margin J
MS antenna gain D Body loss K
BTS antenna div. gain E BTS Rx sensitivity L
BTS combiner loss F MS Rx sensitivity M
BTS Feeder loss G Max. allowable P-
loss
N
Uplink:
B + D – K – I – J – N + E + C (+ H) – G = L
Downlink:
A – F – G + C – N – I – J – K = M
 EiRP: Equivalent isotropic Radiation Power
 (BTS) EiRP = A – F – G + C
 (MS) EiRP = B + D

Basic Knowledge
What is Propagation Model
 Tradition model is an empirical mathematical formulation
 describe radio wave propagation as a function of frequency, distance,
antenna height and other conditions.
– Path Loss = f (frequency, distance, antenna height, etc.)
 The model is usually used to predict the behavior of
propagation for all similar links under similar constraints.
 Predict the path loss along a link or effective coverage area of a
transmitter.
Propagation Model Type
 Empirical model
 Based on large collections of data collected for the specific scenario.
 Dedicated model – Ray Tracing Model
 Based on the theory of light-wave, e.g. reflection, diffraction, etc.
 More accurate and complicated

Typical Propagation Model
City models
 Okumura/Hata
 Frequency: 150~1500 MHz
 Distance: 1~20 Km
 Tx antenna height:
30~200m
Lp = 69.55 + 26.16*lg(f) 13.82*lg(
− Hb) + [44.9 6.55*lg(
− Hb)]*lg(d) − a(Hm) − Cm
• a(Hm) = [1.1*lg(f) – 0.7]*Hm – [1.56*lg(f) – 0.8] (for city)
• Cm = 0 (for urban area)
= 2*[lg(f/28)]2
+ 5.4 (for suburban area)
= 4.78*[lg(f)]2
– 18.33*lg(f) + 40.94 (for open area)
 Cost231/Hata
 Frequency: 1500~2000 MHz
 Distance: 1~20 Km
 Tx antenna height: 30~200m

Typical Propagation Model
U-Net SPM model
 Based on Hata model
 Suitable for more macro cell scenarios
 Be used to do coverage prediction and simulation by software
Lp = K1 + K2 * lg(d) + K3 * lg(Hb) + K4 * Diffraction_loss + K5 * lg(d) * lg(Hb)
+ K6 * Hm + Kclutter * f(clutter)
• K1, constant, relate to frequency
• K2, distance factor, show the speed of signal fading along with distance
• K3, affect the relation between path-loss and transmitter antenna height
• Diffraction_loss, according to the selected diffraction algorithm
• f(clutter), avg. clutter loss according to the digital map
 SPM model also can be used for dimensioning
 No diffraction loss and clutter loss, almost same as Hata model

Other Propagation Model
Micro-cell Model
 Cost231-Microcell
 GSM900:
 GSM1800:
Indoor Model
 Keenan-Motley
– P – penetration loss of single wall
– W – No. of walls
 ITU-R P.1238
 LOS:
 NLOS:
– Lf(n) – penetration loss of floor
– X – slow fading margin
    W
P
d
f
PL 



 log
20
log
20
5
.
32
    X
d
f
PL 


 28
log
20
log
20
  X
L
d
N
f
PL n
f 



 28
)
log(
)
log(
20
  n
d
PL 20
log
26
7
.
101 


  n
d
PL 20
log
26
7
.
107 



Dedicated Propagation Model
Ray Tracing Model
 Frequency
 500~5000MHz (more accurate for higher frequency)
 Scenario
 Dense urban, indoor, etc.
 Resource request
 High resolution digital map (at least 5m)
 External module, such as Volcano
 Type
 Macro cell
 Micro cell
 Mini cell

Model Tuning
Why
 Propagation environment is very complicated
 Terrain, path, obstructions, atmospheric conditions, etc.
 No universal model
 Different models exist for different types of scenario under different
conditions
 It’s necessary to calibrate the model based on the on-site test
How
 On-siteTest
 CW (Continuous Wave) test
– Accurate but high cost (money and workload)
 Existing telecommunication network DT
 Calibrate the model by software (U-Net)

Cell Radius Calculation
Cell Radius
 Path Loss = f (frequency, distance, BTS antenna height)
 Allowable max. path loss, calculated through link budget
 Frequency, confirmed
 BTS antenna height, designed according to:
– the principle of BTS antenna height design in various scenarios
– the local actual situation, for instance building height, etc.
– customer’s requirements
– analysis of existing network
 Distance, i.e. cell radius, can be figured out

Coverage area of single site
Distance between 2 sites
 Normal site: D = 1.5 * R
 Highway site: D = 2 * R
Coverage Area of Single Site
UL/DL Balance
 Balance or Not?
 Cell radius? UL or DL?
R
R
2
3
8
9
R
Area
2
3
2
3
R
Area
• 3-cell site with 65-
degree H-BW antenna
• Omni site
• 3-cell site with 90-
degree H-BW antenna
UL DL
Difference:
• BTS/MS Tx power
• Tx Combiner loss
• BTS/MS Rx sensitivity
• Rx diversity gain
• UL/DL Frequency
• TMA gain
D
R

BTS Quantity Dimensioning
Coverage Requirement
 Total coverage area: XXX Km2
 Divided into several scenarios
 CBD, Dense urban, Urban, Suburban, Rural, Highway, etc.
 Area of each scenario
BTS Quantity Dimensioning
 Except for highway:
 Highway:


Site
Single
of
Area
Coverage
Scenario
Each
of
Area
Total
Quantity
BTS


Site
Single
of
Radius
Cell
*
2
Highway
of
Length
Total
Quantity
BTS

BTS Layout
Shortcoming of Dimensioning
 Too simple, based on the theoretic calculation only
 Lack of consideration of actual situation
 Scrambling of coverage area
 Unnecessary area
 Possibility of sites acquisition
 ……
How to improvement
 Field survey
 Terrain, scenario division, buildings, population, existing networks, …
 Lay out BTS depends on both dimensioning and map
 Digital map, GoogleEarth, traditional map, photographs, …

Coverage Solution for Various Scenario
Dense urban (CBD) ：
 Accurate simulation by RTP, as the
basic of planning
 Plan micro cells layer
 Special coverage solution, e.g. split cell
 for coverage and capacity request as well
as control the interference
Residential area:
 Macro sites
 Select suitable location, e.g. center of
block, which easy to cover buildings
surrounding and control interference.
 Micro cell for coverage of lower
floors.

Coverage Solution for Various Scenario (2)
Indoor coverage:
 Plan special In-Building Coverage system (DAS) for VIP
targets:
 airport/station, shopping mall, hotel, commercial buildings, etc.
 Realize some indoor coverage by outdoor sites.
 Key points:
 Indoor coverage quality
 Cooperation between indoor and outdoor system, such as
handover.
BBU3806 pRRU - 1…N
All digital
system
Huawei iDBS
system

Coverage Solution for Various Scenario (3)
Wide Coverage
 Product selection
 BTS Tx Power / Rx Sensitivity
 Mini site, RRU
 Combiner Loss
 TMA / Booster
 Antenna
 High gain (21dBi)
 4-way Rx diversity
 Tx diversity
 Site Selection
 To achieve high antenna
 Pay attention to the
populated area as well
 Special Technology
 Timeslot extension
 IUO (Intelligent Underlay-
Overlay)
Suburban/Rural
Coast, bay, offring Desert
Road

• Basic Knowledge
• Capacity Planning Strategy
• BTS Configuration
• Channel Configuration
• Capacity Solution

Basic Knowledge
Traffic Load
 BHCA: Busy Hour Call Attempt
GoS
 Grade of Service
 It is the probability of a call in a circuit group being blocked or delayed
for more than a specified interval.
 For a Lost Call system, the GoS can be measured using such equation:
)
(
3600
Time
Holding
Call
Avg.
BHCA
BH
@
Load
Traffic
Avg. Erlang


calls
offered
of
Number
calls
lost
of
Number
Service
of
Grade 

Basic Knowledge
Erlang-B Table
 Assumption:
 All traffic through the network is pure-chance traffic
– i.e. all call arrivals and terminations are independent random
events
 There is statistical equilibrium
– i.e., the average number of calls does not change
 Full availability of the network
– i.e., every outlet from a switch is accessible from every inlet
 Any call that encounters congestion is immediately lost.
 Erlang-B equation of GoS
 A = Expected traffic intensity in Erlangs; N = Number of circuits in
group.


 N
K
K
N
K
A
N
A
ervice
Grade of S
0
!
!
Erlang Table

Capacity Planning Strategy
Key point of RNP
 It’s always changing along with the network developing
 Initial phase
 Mainly pay attention to coverage, capacity is not the problem
 Capacity planning is very easy:
Coverage
Dimensioni
ng
Coverage
area per
Site
Traffic
model
Subscribers
Distribution
Traffic Load
pre Site
TRX/
Channel/…
Configuration

 Developing phase
 Pay attention to both coverage and capacity:
Coverage
Dimensioni
ng
Coverage
area per
Site
Traffic
model
Subscribers
Distribution
Traffic Load
pre Site
TRX/
Channel/…
Configuration
Limitation
Judgment
Figure out the
max.
configuration
Frequency
Planning
Channel
Configurati
on
END
Traffic Load
per Site
Coverage
area per Site
Coverage
limitation
BTS Quantity
Capacity
limitation

 Mature phase
 Pay more attention to capacity while coverage is good enough
 Solve the congestion by
– Cell split
– Micro cells
– Special In-Building Coverage system
– Dual-band network
– Capacity enhancement technology
– ……

Capacity Estimation
Capacity requirement contains
 No. of subscribers
 Population, distribution and increasing rate
 Mobile penetration & market share
 Roaming factor, active factor, events (festival), …
 Traffic model
 Which relate to the actual situation such as society, economy, user
habit and so on.
Capacity estimation
 Method
 Short-term, Long-term; Analogy, Modeling, …
 Reference
 Population, existing radio networks, PLMN, GDP, …

Basic Knowledge of Frequency Planning
GSM frequency resource
 GSM900
 fUL(n) = 890 + n * 0.2 MHz
 fDL(n) = fUL(n) + 45 MHz
 DCS1800
 fUL(n) = 1710 + (n – 511) * 0.2 MHz
 fDL(n) = fUL(n) + 95 MHz
C/I & CA
 C/I request in GSM: 9dB (extra 3dB margin in the project)
≥
 Carrier/Interference, interference from the signal with same frequency
 CA request in GSM: -9dB (extra 3dB margin in the project)
≥
 Interference from the signal with adjacent frequency, in GSM is 200KHz
890MHz 915MHz 935MHz 960MHz
1710MHz 1785MHz 1805MHz 1880MHz

loose
Frequency Reuse
Frequency reuse
{f1, fj, … fk}
{f1, fj, … fk} … … {f1, fj, … fk}
Reuse Reuse
More and more mobile subscribers
fn
fn
fn
R
D
fn
fn
fn
fn
Frequency reuse factor
i.e. number of cells in a frequency reuse cluster
TRX
ARFCN
reuse
N
N
f 
0 12 20
tight
• High efficiency
• Serious interference
• Good quality, easy to plan
• Low efficiency

Frequency Reuse
Frequency reuse pattern
 Common frequency reuse pattern
 4*3 (or 3/12)
– A cluster has 4 sites
– 3 cells per site
– Generally for BCCH frequency planning
 Tight frequency reuse
 MRP (Multiple frequency Reuse Pattern)
– Grouping frequency
– Use different reuse pattern for different TRX layer
 Frequency Hopping (1*3, 1*1)
– No. of ARFCN’s in MA should be at least 2 times more than no. of
TRX’s
– Usually BCCH layer doesn’t adopt hopping for good quality
 IUO
– Use tight reuse pattern for overlay-cells
B3
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
B1
B2
B3
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1
A2
A3
B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
A1
C1
A2
A3

BTS Configuration
Frequency resource, Capacity and Quality
Max. BTS Configuration
 China Unicom has 6MHz GSM900 frequency (29 ARFCN’s)
 max. BTS configuration while 4*3 reuse?
 max. BTS configuration while 1*3 hopping?
Capacity
Quality
Balance
Available
Frequency
Frequency
Reuse
Pattern
Interference
RxQua
l
BER Range
MOS
Non-
Hop
Hop
0 <0.2% A A
1 0.2%~0.4% A A
2 0.4%~0.8% B A
3 0.8%~1.6% B B
4 1.6%~3.2% C B
5 3.2%~6.4% D C
6 6.4%~12.8% D D
7 >12.8% E E

Basic Knowledge of GSM Channels
Logical channel
 Traffic CHannel and Control CHannel
 4 kinds of CCH according to the function
 BCH: Broadcast Channel
 CCCH: Common Control Channel
 DCCH: Dedicated Control Channel
 CBCH: Cell Broadcast Channel
 Channel combination types (GSM Phase 2)
 TCH/F + FACCH/F + SACCH/TF
 FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH
 FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + SDCCH/4(0..3) + SACCH/C4(0..3)
 SDCCH/8(0..7) + SACCH/C8(0..7)
 ……
CCH
BCH
CCCH
DCCH
CBCH
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
PCH
AGCH
RACH
SDCCH
SACCH
FACCH

Basic Knowledge of GSM Channels
BCCH
 It carries very important information such as
 list of frequencies used in cell, cell ID, location area ID, list of neighbor
cells, access control and DTX information, etc.
 It transmit at a constant power all the time from the BTS.
 Usually the BCCH TRX doesn’t hopping, 4*3 reuse
SDCCH
 SDCCH bears such traffic as following:
 Mobility management such as location update;
 Radio resource management such as call setup;
 Point to point SMS, etc.
 SDCCH/8 & SDCCH/4

Channel Configuration
BCCH Configuration
 Only 1 BCCH per cell; TS0 of TRX0
 Combined BCCH (considering SDCCH traffic)
TCH Configuration
 8 channels (i.e. time slots) per TRX
– n = No. of TRX
 Consult Erlang-B table
 Exercises
No.
SDCCH
-
No.
BCCH
8
TCH
of
No. 

n
TRX No. TCH No. GoS Traffic (Erl)
2 ? 2% ?
? ? 2% 15
? ? 5% 15

SDCCH Configuration
SDCCH capacity requirement
 Which relate to
 Traffic model, user habit, network structure, etc.
 Default value:
 ~5mErl/user @ BH
 20%~25% of voice traffic load
Event Normal
Cell
Inner Cell Edge Cell Notes
Location update 0.4 0 1.2 1, Unit:
mErl/user
2, TCH traffic
load
assumption:
25mErl/user
Periodic location update 1.8 1.8 1.8
IMSI attach/detach 0.8 0.8 0.8
Call setup 0.9 0.9 0.9
Point to point SMS 1.0 1.0 1.0
Other applications 0.2 0.2 0.2
SUM 5.1 4.7 5.9

SDCCH Configuration (cont.)
GoS of SDCCH
 SDCCH/8, ¼ of TCH’s GoS
 SDCCH/4, ½ of TCH’s GoS
 For instance, TCH GoS = 2%, and then
 GoS of SDCCH/8 = 0.5%
 GoS of SDCCH/4 = 1%
SDCCH type
 SDCCH/4, combine with BCCH (TS0); 4 sub-channels
 SDCCH/4 + CBCH, 3 sub-channels
 SDCCH/8, on any time slot except for BCCH time slot, 8 sub-
channels
 SDCCH/8 + CBCH, 7 sub-channels

SDCCH Configuration (cont.)
SDCCH configuration suggestion
TRX
No.
Without CBCH With CBCH
Normal
cell
Inner cell Edge cell Normal
cell
Inner cell Edge cell
1 SDCCH/4 SDCCH/8
2 SDCCH/8 SD/8 + SD/4
3 SDCCH/8 + SDCCH/4
4 2*SDCCH/8 SD/8 + SD/4 2*SDCCH/8
5 2*SDCCH/8
2*SDCCH/8
+ SDCCH/4
6
2*SDCCH/8
+ SDCCH/4
2*SDCCH/8 2*SDCCH/8 + SDCCH/4
7 2*SDCCH/8 + SDCCH/4 3*SDCCH/8
2*SDCCH/8
+ SDCCH/4
3*SDCCH/8
8 3*SDCCH/8
3*SDCCH/8
+ SDCCH/4
 Simply calculating: 1 “SDCCH/8” per 2 TRX’s

Half Rate Solution
Half Rate theory
 Half Rate is a speech encoding system for GSM
 Since the codec, operating at 5.6 kbit/s, requires half the
bandwidth of the Full Rate codec, network capacity for voice
traffic is doubled
HR Channel Allocation Principle
 Be used in area with little interference
 HR dynamic allocation
 When network busy: HR > FR, for more capacity
 When network idle: FR > HR, for better quality
 Others
 Priority of “Single” > “Couple”
 Allocate channels on the TRX which cannot adjust rate firstly

Half Rate Solution
Capacity enhancement by HR
 A S6 cell, 42 traffic time slots; GoS = 2%
Half rate ratio
 By TRX: = HR_TRX_No. / Total_TRX_No.
 By time slot: = HR_TS_No. / Total_TS_No.
 By channel: = 2*HR_TS_No. / (2*HR_TS_No. + FR_TS_No.)
Ratio of
Full Rate
Call
Required
TCHF No.
Capacity
(Erl)
Capacity of
all FR (Erl)
Capacity
Enhanceme
nt
20% 14 59.13
32.84
80%
30% 20 53.43 62.7%
40% 24 49.64 51.2%

Co-BCCH Solution
900/1800 mixed cell
 1 BCCH for both 900M & 1800M TRX
 Capacity difference?
 TCH increase: 1
 Capacity increase: 5.44 Erl, 18.6%
BTS
Configuration
900M TCH /
Traffic
1800M TCH /
Traffic
900&1800M
TCH / Traffic
S222 + S444
Per cell:
14 TCHs
8.2 Erl
Per cell:
29 TCHs
21.04 Erl
S222/444
Per cell:
44 TCHs
34.68 Erl

Radio Network Coverage and Capacity Planning (GSM).ppt

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