Radio training.ppt
- 2. Course Objectives • Radio Theory • Terrain Effects • Antenna Design • Narrowband 2
- 3. Course Objectives • Infrastructure • Common Phrases • Procedures for Repair • Emergencies • Familiarization 3
- 4. 4 BE SAFE!
- 5. 5 Prepare For Your Trip • Follow Office Specific Check In/Out Procedures. • Visually inspect and check your equipment for proper operation before leaving for the field. • Do a radio check.
- 6. Know Your Options • Know what sites cover your intended work/travel. • What is their operational status? • Alternative forms of communications. 6
- 7. Radio Theory • Radio waves are generated by a rapidly oscillating electric current. • Frequency is the amount of cycles a radio wave makes referenced to one second of time. • Wave length is the distance the wave travels to complete one cycle. 7
- 8. 8 Example: One Wave Traveling at One Cycle Per Second
- 9. Radio and Light Waves • Radio Waves are Electromagnetic Energy. • Light Waves are Electromagnetic Energy. 9
- 10. 10 • Radio waves travel in much the same way as light. • Imagine a light bulb on top of your handheld or vehicle. • The energy is similarly sent in all directions. Similar Properties
- 11. More Similarities • Reflected • Absorbed • Diffracted • Dispersed 11
- 12. Handhelds and Mobiles Perform Differently • Handhelds Transmit with less power utilizing a small battery source. • Mobiles utilize a gain antenna which effectively doubles the transmit power and receive sensitivity. • Handheld antennas tend to be more obstructed. 12
- 13. Batteries are Critical • Proper care of batteries is essential. • Batteries are a users responsibility. • Typically last for 8 hours before charging. • Radio will not transmit effectively. 13
- 15. 15 Things to Remember • Height is more advantageous than power. • Know the location of the site you are trying to transmit to and what objects or terrain are in the path. • A small shift in position can make a big difference in signal quality.
- 17. How Far Can You Communicate • Typically BLM handhelds can communicate within a few miles of each other. • Typically a BLM vehicle radio to a BLM mountaintop radio can communicate about 40 miles apart. • Typically BLM mountaintop radios can communicate about 100 miles apart. 17
- 18. 18 Narrowband • Narrowband radios are mandated for BLM use. • Radios programmed incorrectly will sound distorted.
- 19. Base Station • A means for dispatch to communicate to users over a large area in the field. • Radio is installed for optimum performance. • Users may not hear both sides of conversation. 19
- 20. Base Station • Radio is connected to dispatch center and remotely controlled. • Radio can be used to access repeaters. • Radio does not have a squelch tail. 20
- 21. 21 Base Station
- 22. Repeater • They extend the coverage area. • Received signals are repeated. • Radio is installed for optimum performance. • Users hear both sides of conversation. 22
- 23. Repeater • Operates on two frequencies. • Squelch tail is present. • Radio has no physical connection to dispatch. 23
- 24. 24 Repeater
- 25. Repair • Open a ticket in Remedy • Document your radio problem symptoms and what you have done to determine problem. • System outage contact Dispatch Office 25
- 26. User Responsibility • Never change your antenna • Insure you have an antenna • Battery • Keeping radio clean 26
- 27. Is Anyone Out There • Your radio must be transmitting on the same frequency the radio you are trying to reach is receiving. • Your radio must be transmitting the same sub audible tone the radio you are trying to reach is listening for. • We don’t typically use receive sub audible tones on our portables and mobiles. 27
- 28. R A D I O • R-elax • A-djust Volume, Channel • D-etermine - What your going to say. Is it your time to talk? • I-nitiate Contact • O-ver 28
- 29. Proper Use • Hold the radio about an inch away • Push the PTT button and wait one second before talking. • Talk directly into the microphone • Identify who your calling and then yourself • Wait for their response then proceed. 29
- 30. Use Concise Common Terms • Affirmative • Negative • Disregard • Clear or Out • Standby 30
- 31. Emergency • Try to contact any Interagency Dispatch Center. • Try to contact any person listening to radio. • Use National Law Enforcement Emergency Channel, (NLEEC) to contact a law enforcement dispatcher. 31
- 33. 33 Banks, Zones, Channels • Banks contain zones or groups • Zones and Groups contain individual channels
- 34. 34 We will now go over the radios by specific manufacturer for the types your group is using (BK, EF Johnson, Thales, etc).
- 35. 35 BLM COLORADO This concludes the Radio Communications Basic Course Spring 2008 For Questions, Comments, Ideas or Errors please contact your local Telecommunications Specialist.
Editor's Notes
- #3: Course Objective Radio Theory Base Stations Repeaters Mobiles/Handhelds Repairs Emergencies Individual radios
- #9: Derlete
- #10: delete
- #14: Add “Care of batteries.”
- #15: delete
- #18: This will take some expounding on
- #20: Base Stations What do they sound like? No squelch tail and you only hear half of the conversation
- #23: Repeaters Who uses them? Everyone can. What are they used for? To extend the coverage area of your radio. When are they used? 24/7/365 Where are they? On the top of mountains. Why are they there? Location, location, location. What do they sound like? You will hear a squelch tail and both sides of the conversation.
- #24: Delete
- #28: delete
- #29: Using the radio R---Relax A---Adjust Radio volume Radio channel Microphone D---Determine What you are going to say. Is it your time to talk? I---Initiate contact (ptt then talk) O---Over
- #32: In your Misc. Zone is a channel called NLEEC this is the National Law Enforcement Emergency Channel. This channel can be used for Emergencies “ONLY”! This is a frequency that will talk to Law Enforcement base stations, vehicles, and handhelds directly. Say “State Patrol” if no answer “any unit on this net this is” on , this is BLM employee ________ on NLEEC with Emergency traffic”. If no answer try higher ground. When answered give them your situation.