ratios and proportions in mathematics grade 5.ppt
- 2. Outline: • Ratios! What is a Ratio? How to Use Ratios? How to Simplify? Proportions! What is a proportion? Properties of proportions? How to use proportions? • Mysterious Problems…
- 3. What is a Ratio? • A ratio is a comparison of two numbers. • Ratios can be written in three different ways: a to b a:b Because a ratio is a fraction, b can not be zero b a Ratios are expressed in simplest form
- 4. How to Use Ratios? • The ratio of boys and girls in the class is 12 to11. 4cm 1cm This means, for every 12 boys you can find 11 girls to match. • There could be just 12 boys, 11 girls. • There could be 24 boys, 22 girls. • There could be 120 boys, 110 girls…a huge class What is the ratio if the rectangle is 8cm long and 2cm wide? Still 4 to 1, because for every 4cm, you can find 1cm to match • The ratio of length and width of this rectangle is 4 to 1. . • The ratio of cats and dogs at my home is 2 to 1 How many dogs and cats do I have? We don’t know, all we know is if they’d start a fight, each dog has to fight 2 cats.
- 5. How to simplify ratios? • The ratios we saw on last slide were all simplified. How was it done? b a Ratios can be expressed in fraction form… This allows us to do math on them. The ratio of boys and girls in the class is The ratio of the rectangle is The ratio of cats and dogs in my house is 11 12 b a 1 4 1 2
- 6. How to simplify ratios? • Now I tell you I have 12 cats and 6 dogs. Can you simplify the ratio of cats and dogs to 2 to 1? 6 12 = 6 / 6 6 / 12 = 1 2 Divide both numerator and denominator by their Greatest Common Factor 6.
- 8. Now, on to proportions! d c b a What is a proportion? A proportion is an equation that equates two ratios The ratio of dogs and cats was 3/2 The ratio of dogs and cats now is 6/4=3/2 So we have a proportion : 4 6 2 3
- 9. Properties of a proportion? 4 6 2 3 2x6=12 3x4 = 12 3x4 = 2x6 Cross Product Property
- 10. Properties of a proportion? d c b a • Cross Product Property ad = bc means extremes
- 11. Properties of a proportion? d c b a d d c d b a c d b a Let’s make sense of the Cross Product Property… c b b d b a bc ad For any numbers a, b, c, d:
- 12. Properties of a proportion? 4 6 2 3 If Then 6 4 3 2 • Reciprocal Property Can you see it? If yes, can you think of why it works?
- 13. How about an example? 6 2 7 x Solve for x: 7(6) = 2x 42 = 2x 21 = x Cross Product Property
- 14. How about another example? x 12 2 7 Solve for x: 7x = 2(12) 7x = 24 x = 7 24 Cross Product Property Can you solve it using Reciprocal Property? If yes, would it be easier?
- 15. Now you know enough about properties, let’s solve the Mysterious problems! gal x miles gal miles _ ) 5 5 ( 1 30 x 10 1 30 If your car gets 30 miles/gallon, how many gallons of gas do you need to commute to school everyday? 5 miles to school 5 miles to home Let x be the number gallons we need for a day: Can you solve it from here? x = Gal 3 1
- 16. So you use up 1/3 gallon a day. How many gallons would you use for a week? 5 miles to school 5 miles to home Let t be the number of gallons we need for a week: days gal t day gal 5 _ 1 3 / 1 5 1 3 / 1 t 5 3 1 t t 3 ) 5 ( 1 3 5 t Gal What property is this?
- 17. So you use up 5/3 gallons a week (which is about 1.67 gallons). Consider if the price of gas is 3.69 dollars/gal, how much would it cost for a week? Let s be the sum of cost for a week: 5 miles to school 5 miles to home gallons dollars s gallon dollars 67 . 1 _ 1 69 . 3 67 . 1 1 69 . 3 s 3.69(1.67) = 1s s = 6.16 dollars
- 18. So what do you think? 10 miles You pay about 6 bucks a week just to get to school! What about weekends? If you travel twice as much on weekends, say drive 10 miles to the Mall and 10 miles back, how many gallons do you need now? How much would it cost totally? How much would it cost for a month? 5 miles Think proportionally! . . . It’s all about proportions!