Regular and irregular verbs
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This document discusses regular verbs in English. It explains that regular verbs follow predictable patterns in forming their tenses. For the present tense, most regular verbs just add -s in 3rd person singular. For the past tense, regular verbs typically add -ed. For the past participle, the same rules for forming the past tense apply. Some exceptions are noted for verbs ending in consonant+y or vowel+y. The key distinction is that regular verbs form their past tense and past participle in a predictable way by adding -d or -ed, while irregular verbs have irregular past forms.
Regular and irregular verbs
- 2. Regular verbs Many English verbs are regular, which means that they form their different tenses according to an established pattern. Such verbs work like this: Verb 3rd person singular present tense 3rd person singular past tense past participle present participle laugh he/she laughs he/she laughed laughed laughing love he/she loves he/she loved loved loving boo he/she boos he/she booed booed booing work listen design enjoydescribe
- 3. Present tense formation • In the present simple tense, the basic form of a regular verb only changes in the 3rd person singular, as follows: • Most verbs just add -s to the basic form (e.g. take/takes, seem/seems, look/looks). • Verbs that end with a vowel other than e add - es (e.g. go/goes, veto/vetoes, do/does). • Verbs that end with -s, -z, -ch, -sh, and - es (e.g. kiss/kisses, fizz/fizzes, punch/punches, was h/washes, mix/mixes). • If the verb ends in a consonant plus -y, change the y to an i before adding - es (e.g. hurry/hurries, clarify/clarifies). But if the Past tense formation • Forming the past simple tense of regular verbs is mostly straightforward, and you use the form for the first, second, and third persons, singular and plural: • If the basic form of the verb ends in a or a vowel other than e, add the letters -ed to the end (e.g. seem/seemed, laugh/laughed, look/looke . • For verbs that end in -e, add - d (e.g. love/loved, recede/receded, hope/hope . • If the verb ends in a consonant plus -y, change the y to an i before adding - ed (e.g. hurry/hurried, clarify/clarified). But if verb ends in a vowel plus -y, just add - ed (e.g. play/played, enjoy/enjoyed). Forming participles •To form the past participle of regular verbs, follow same rules as for the past simple tense above. •To make the present participle of regular verbs: •If the basic form of the verb ends in a consonant or vowel other than e, add the ending - ing (e.g. laugh/laughing, boo/booing). •If the verb ends in e, drop the e before adding - ing (e.g. love/loving, hope/hoping). •If the basic form ends in y just add - ing (e.g. hurry/hurrying, clarify/clarifying).
- 4. Verb 3rd person singular present tense 3rd person singular past tense past participle present participle be is was been being begin begins began begun beginning bite bites bit bitten biting break breaks broke broken breaking buy buys bought bought buying choose chooses chose chosen choosing come comes came come coming dig digs dug dug digging do does did done doing drink drinks drank drunk drinking eat eats ate eaten eating fall falls fell fallen falling feel feels felt felt feeling find finds found found finding get gets got got getting go goes went gone going grow grows grew grown growing have has had had having
- 5. Know the difference between the simple past tense and the past participle. Simple Past Tense A simple past tense verb always has just one part. You need no auxiliary verb to form this tense. Look at these examples: Because dinner time was near, my dog Oreo bit the spine of Moby-Dick and pulled the novel off my lap. Since Denise had ignored bills for so long, she wrote out checks for an hour straight. Despite the noise, jolts, and jerks, Alex slept so soundly on the city bus that he missed his stop. Past Participle Many multipart verbs, however, require the past participle after one or more auxiliary verbs. Read these sentences: Raymond had bitten into the muffin before Charise mentioned that it was her infamous chocolate-broccoli variety. had = auxiliary verb; bitten = past participle Once Woody has written his essay for Mr. Stover, he plans to reward himself with a packet of Twinkies. has = auxiliary verb; written = past participle Cynthia might have slept better if she hadn't watched The Nightmare on Elm Street marathon on HBO. might, have = auxiliary verbs; slept = past participle For regular verbs, knowing the distinction between the simple past and past participle is unnecessary because both are identical.
- 6. Conclusion The distinction between regular verbs and irregular verbs is a very simple one: Regular Verbs Those verbs that form their past participle with ‘d’ or ‘ed’ are regular verbs. These verbs do not undergo substantial changes while changing forms between tenses. Irregular Verbs Those verbs that undergo substantial changes when changing forms between tenses are irregular verbs. The changed forms of these verbs are often unrecognisably different from the originals.