Newracom is a startup formed by former ETRI WiFi researchers, funded by over $15M and 100 patents. It develops WiFi connectivity software and chipsets for smart grids and IoT. It earns licensing royalties from ETRI patents. CF Global was spun off from an invention development fund, working with the inventor of Coffee Flour. It earns profits from CF Global's equity. Patent factories exploit existing tech companies with patents but struggling businesses. They develop targeted patent portfolios and package them for quick sale to private equity funds. Patent reuse banks categorize unused government research institution patents by industry and market. They pool patents on a web platform for licensing by tech companies needing