REsearch lecture In Information Technology 1.pdf
- 1. Research Methodology in IT Semester I -2024-25 Lecturer : Dr. Mbemba HYDARA 1 Week 1
- 2. Research Methodology Topics to cover: Introduction: Research concepts and definitions, Research methods: qualitative and quantitative research approaches, Methodology: experimental design, Data collection: sampling techniques, measurement, Analysis: analysis, Research ethics and Seminar: Thesis Proposal writing, conventions and Reporting Course Description 2
- 3. Course Objectives At the end of the Course, you should be able to • Demonstrate understanding of research methodology concepts and definitions • Undertake a review of the recent and scholarly literature • Demonstrate ability to research a chosen topic area and formulate a research questions. • Discuss the nature of research and distinguish between different types of research • Understand research ethics • Produce a research proposal and t • Communicate proposed research in a form of paper, thesis, report and oral presentation. 3 3
- 4. Course Delivery Mode 4 Lecture sessions Directed reading Class tasks/ Individual or group Presentation Case study
- 5. Assessment Mode Attendance: 80% attendance is the official utg policy Assessment: Formative and Summative Continuous Assessment (CA) = 2 Tests 20% - (home task and written test ): = written test : 15% = Class Task : 10% = Proposal assignment: 15 % = Attendance 10% Sub-Total = 50% Exams = 50% Overall Term score = 100% 5
- 6. Class Attendance Active participation of in class is encouraged Class sessions will involve interaction and discussions topics You are required to attend 80% of the entire semester session The more effort you put into class session the better for the learning outcomes 6
- 7. Right of Others Respect your fellow students and keep cell phones off in silence mode. If you have to talk to someone kindly move outside. Distractions with mobile phones or Laptops will not be tolerated Active listening and participation is highly required 7
- 8. Special Assignment You will undertake a week research proposal assignment during the semester You are required to complete all tests and assignment You will be notified when and how it will be carried out. 8
- 9. Late Submission of Work • All assignments must be completed in accordance with given instructions. • The assignment must be submitted in both soft via google class on or before submission date. • It is your responsibility to make sure you submit your work on time. 9
- 10. Plagiarism We expects high level of responsibility and academic honesty throughout the course. Plagiarism from the web, from papers, and from any other source is an academic offense hence unacceptable. Be aware of the existence of a plagiarism software turn-it-in. To avoid it, simply acknowledge the work of others 10
- 11. Course Withdrawal University administration has set deadlines for withdrawal of any course for the Semester It is your responsibility to handle withdrawal requirements before closure of the portal Students will not be allowed to take exams only when they are not registered for the course. You must do the proper paperwork to ensure you are in compliance. 11
- 12. Make-Up - Test/Exams No excuse will be accepted without prior written, or advance notice for absence. Should there be scheduling conflict, it is your responsibility to let the lecturer know well in advance 12
- 13. Reading Materials • Trochim, W. M. K., Donnelly, J. P., & Arora, K. (2016). Research methods: The essential knowledge base. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. • Briony J Oates ‘Researching Information Systems and Computing, 2008; Sage Publications • L.V. Redman and A.V.H. Mory, The Romance of Research, 1923, p.10. • The Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, Vol. IX, MacMillan, 1930 13
- 15. Scope Meaning of Research Objectives of Research Motivation in Research Types of Research 15
- 16. Meaning of Research • Refers to a search for knowledge • define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic • The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines research as “a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.” • Redman and Mory define research as a “systematized effort to gain new knowledge. • research is an art of scientific investigation 16
- 17. Meaning of Research contd. • Some consider research as a movement from the known to the unknown. • A voyage of discovery with an original contribution to the existing body of knowledge • It is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison and experiment 17
- 18. Objectives of Research • To discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures. • To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it studies with this object in view are termed as exploratory or formulative research studies); • To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group (studies with this object in view are known as descriptive research studies); 18
- 19. Objectives of Research contd. • To determine the frequency with which something occurs or associated with something else (studies with this object in view are known as diagnostic research studies); • To test a hypothesis of a causal relations • To create or build or develop and or observe something (scientific studies) 19
- 20. Motivation in Research i. What makes people to undertake research? ii. What are the possible motive for doing research?- 20
- 21. Motivation in Research contd. • Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential benefits; • Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems, i.e., concern over practical problems initiates research; • Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work; • Desire to be of service to society; • Desire to get recognition 21
- 22. To: • Contribute to the body of knowledge • Solve a problem • Find out what happened • Find the evidence to inform decision • Develop greater understanding of people and their world • Predict, plan and control • Test and disprove a theory • Come up with a better way 22 Why Research? Week 1
- 23. • Researcher want to add what is known about the specialist area • Exploring and finding our new things • Find out thing we do not know about 23 Contribute to the Body of Knowledge Week 1
- 24. • Information Systems (IS) researcher want to solve a problem For example: to develop an application to do X • Developing a computer product in a new is research 24 Solve a Problem Week 1
- 25. Example: • Is it possible to develop a website based on latest marketing theories • Is it possible to develop a computer based tool to support online discussion for teaching purposes 25 Solve a Problem Contd. Week 1
- 26. • What happens when a new computer system is put into real world use? Example: How e-mail systems is used in an organization • Are paper mailing systems abandon altogether • Finding out what happens in one of the key area of IS and computing researchers 26 Find out What Happened Week 1
- 27. • How we develop a computer system? • How should we? • Can we come up with better ways? • Many methods have been proposed over the years • Example: structured methods, agile methods, formal methods etc. 27 Find Evidence for Inform Decision Week 1
- 28. • Find out about people and their world • Finding out in terms of practical application For example: Knowing how children use PCs in the home might help companies to design software for home PCs for children etc. • How does the advent of Internet shopping affect family relationships in the homes? 28 Develop Understanding of People and their World Week 1
- 29. • Computer based systems can provide tool to help predict, plan and control For example: • Predict the amount and effect of global warming • Predict patient diagnostic system • Predict weather patterns • Predict opinion pool etc. 29 Predict, Plan and Control Week 1
- 30. • Testing and disproving a theory scientific research • In Is and Computing so many theories can be tested Example: • Many parent worry that computer games are harmful to the development of their children 30 Test and Disprove a Theory Week 1
- 31. • Suggestion from staff or colleague • Circulation of research topics or project ideas • Calls for papers and published journal articles • Past research students’ project work or dissertations • Current event reported in the media • Further research topics in Conference publications 31 Sources of Research Ideas Chapter 1
- 32. Types of Research 1. Descriptive vs. Analytical 2. Applied vs. Fundamental 3. Quantitative vs. Qualitative 4. Conceptual vs. Empirical 5. Some Other Types of Research 32
- 33. Descriptive vs. Analytical • Descriptive includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. • The major purpose is description of the state of affairs as it exists. • The main characteristic of descriptive is that the researcher has no control over the variables; • Can only report what has happened or what is happening • Descriptive research are survey methods including comparative and correlational methods • For analytical research, the researcher has to use facts or information already available, and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material 33
- 34. Applied vs. Fundamental • Research can either be applied (or action) research or fundamental (to basic or pure) research • Applied research aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organization, • whereas fundamental research is mainly concerned with generalizations and with the formulation of a theory 34
- 35. Applied vs. Fundamental Contd. • The central aim of applied research is to discover a solution for some pressing practical problem, • Whereas basic research is directed towards finding information that has a broad base of applications and thus, adds to the already existing organized body of scientific knowledge 35
- 36. Quantitative vs. Qualitative • Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. • applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity • Qualitative research, on the other hand, is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i.e., phenomena relating to or involving quality or kind 36
- 37. Quantitative and Qualitative contd. • For instance, when we are interested in investigating the reasons for human behavior (i.e., why people think or do certain things), • Qualitative research aims at discovering the underlying motives and desires, using in depth interviews for the purpose 37
- 38. Conceptual vs. Empirical • Conceptual research is that related to some abstract idea(s) or theory. • Generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones • empirical research relies on experience or observation alone, • Often without due regard for system and theory. • It is data-based research, coming up with conclusions capable of being verified by observation or experiment • Can also call it as experimental type of research 38
- 39. Some Other Types of Research • One-time research or longitudinal research: • In the former case the research is confined to a single time- period, whereas in the latter case the research is carried on over several time-periods. • Field-setting research or laboratory research or simulation research: 39
- 40. Some Other Types of Research contd. • Clinical or diagnostic research. Such research follow case-study methods or in-depth approaches to reach the basic causal relations. • Research may be exploratory or it may be formalized. • Objective of exploratory research is the development of hypotheses rather than their testing, whereas formalized research studies are those with • substantial structure and with specific hypotheses to be tested 40
- 41. How to conduct Research: Dealing with a Tyre puncture Identify a problem • How can I deal with my punctured tyre? Gather Data • Obtain prices of new tyres Analyse the data • What is the cheapest? Interpret the data • That’s more than I want to pay, I need more information 41 Week 1
- 42. Research: Dealing with a Tyre puncture Gather more data • Is it reparable? • Obtained prices for tyre repair Analyse the data • Can it be repaired • What is the lowest cost? • How does the cost compare with a new tyre? 42 Week 1
- 43. Research: Dealing with a punctured tyre contd. Interpret the data • Repairing it is possible • Repair will cost 20% of a new tyre • Repair rather than replace means I can still afford to go out on Friday night Draw Conclusion • I will get it repaired at Tyres-U-Like 43 Week 1