Research Methodology Data Collection
- 1. I'm Glad To Join This Event
- 2. Topic : Data collection Dr. R.H. Pavithra Senior Assistant Professor Department of Economics Karnataka state open University Muktha gangotri Mysore, 570006 Theme : Research Methodology
- 4. INTRODUCTION Research is a highly specialised activity that is more than just collecting information or writing a description in a targeted fashion, which is further analysed thoroughly to lead to answers of research questions and evaluate results. The collection of data is the heart of any research design, irrespective of the field of study. Data collection is the process of gathering the desirable information carefully, with least possible distortion, so that the analysis may provide answers that are credible and stand to logic.
- 5. DATA COLLECTION During the 19th and 20th Centuries data collection become popular population census. The term data refers to any kind of information researchers obtain on the subjects, respondents or participants of the study. In research, data are collected and used to answer the research questions or objectives of the study. Collecting statistics not only on the population but on Health, commerce, employment, law enforcement, education and all the other Concerns of a modern nation state.
- 6. Data Collection Definition: Data collection is defined as the procedure of collecting, measuring and analyzing accurate insights for research using standard validated techniques. A dictionary defines data as facts or figures from which conclusions may be drawn. Dictionary: Data collection means gathering information to address those critical evaluation questions that the author/researcher has identified earlier in the evaluation process.
- 7. HOW IMPORTANT DATA IS? Improve People’s Lives Make Informed Decisions Find Solutions To Problems To Track Information To Access The Resources Around Us To Convert Data Into Information
- 8. OBJECTIVES OF DATA COLLECTION Identify interpretations/conclusions to be made regarding each question or issue. To Define the study boundaries. Optimize the design for obtaining data. Discuss how to plan and run a successful data collection Program. Identify and understand the geochemical questions or issues that are to be answered or evaluated.
- 9. Continue... Enable to plan and implement ideas. Communicate in a better way the purpose of the statistics and the benefits of taking part in the data collection. Provide us with a well-functioning support service More systematically apply methods that have a positive effect on response rates
- 10. Methods of data collecting Data are organized into two broad categories: Methods of data collecting Qualitative Quantitative
- 11. Qualitative data collection The qualitative data collection methods play an important role in impact evaluation by providing information useful to understand the processes behind observed results and assess changes in people's perceptions of their well- being. There are many methods of gathering information, and a wide variety of information sources. Following are the few methods of collecting information for research projects. Questionnaires
- 12. Qualitative data collection Merits Demerits
- 13. Interviews Direct observations Documents and other materials Focus group interviews Case-study Diaries Critical incidents Continue…
- 14. Quantitative Data Collection The quantitative data collection methods rely on random sampling and structured data collection instruments, that fit diverse experiences, into predetermined response categories. They produce results that are easy to summarize, compare and generalize. Quantitative Data Collection Observation Document review Probability sampling Interviews Surveys & questionnaire
- 15. Quantitative data collection Merits Demerits
- 16. DATA PRESENTATON Once data has been collected, it has to be classified and organised in such a way that it becomes easily readable and interpretable, that is, converted to information. Information Data Understanding Data Preparation Modeling Evaluation Deployment DATA It is sometimes a good idea to present data as tables, charts, diagrams or graphs. Most people find ‘pictures’ much more helpful than ‘numbers’ in the sense that, in their opinion, they present data more meaningfully.
- 17. DATA PRESENTATON DATA PRESENTATON Diagrams Bar charts Pie chart Scatter Diagram Line chart Tabular forms There are 2 methods of presenting data:-
- 18. Tabular forms (Arrays/Tabulation) Continue… Tabulation is the process of summarizing classified or grouped data in the form of a table so that it is easily understood and an investigator is quickly able to locate the desired information. A table is a systematic arrangement Classified data in columns and rows Fall in demand bring down wholesale prices, but no impact in retail markets. Source: The Hindhu News paper (June, 5, 2020 Bengalure)
- 19. A statistical table makes it possible for the investigator to present a huge mass of data in a detailed and orderly form. Continue…
- 20. Continue… Diagrams And Graphs Where as tables can be used for presenting all the information, graphs simplify complex information by using images and emphasizing data patterns or trends, and are useful for summarizing, explaining, or exploring quantitative data. Graphs are effective for presenting large amounts of data, Readers and reviewers can easily understand the information.
- 21. Continue… Bar charts A bar graph is a chart that uses either horizontal or vertical bars to show comparisons among categories. One axis of the chart shows the specific categories being compared, and the other axis represents a discrete value. Bharath is the fastest growing technology, hub with 55% share of global sourcing5th June 2020
- 22. Pie chart Continue… A type of graph is which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of whole. Each sector shows the relative size of each value. A pie chart displays data, information and statistics in an easy to read „pie slice‟ format with varying slice sizes telling how much of one data element exists. Pie chart is also known as circle graph.
- 23. Continue… The bigger the slice, the more of that particular data was gathered. The main use of a pie chart is to show comparisons. China India USA INdonesia Brazil Pakistan Bangladesh Nigeria Russian Fed Japan India In World Population China 19.4% India 17.5% USA 4.5% Indonesia 3.4% Brazil 2.8% Pakistan 2.7% Bangladesh 2.4% Nigeria 2.4% Russian Fed 2.0% Japan 1.9% Other Countries 41.2% Source: Census ofIndia 2011
- 24. Scatter Diagram Continue… While working with statistical data it is often observed that there are connections between sets of data. For example the mass and height of persons are related: the taller the person the greater his/her mass. To find out whether or not two sets of data are connected scatter diagrams can be used. A scatter diagram is a tool for analyzing relationship between two variables.
- 25. Scatter Plot—Literacy and WPR(Wisconsin Public Radio) of Main and Marginal Workers, 2011 Source: Authors' calculation based on Census 2011. Note: (a) Rural and urban combined; (b) male and female combined.
- 26. Line chart Continue… Line chart is the most basic type of chart used in finance and it is generally created by connecting a series of past recorded data together with a line. It is a style of chart that is created by connecting a series of data points together with a line. Line charts are ideal for representing trends over time.
- 27. Continue… Climate in Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 January February March April May June July August September October November December Minimum Temperature Maximum Temperature Source: Weather and climate India 2019 The months January, February, November and December have a nice average temperature. On average, the temperatures are always high On average, the warmest month is May. On average, the coolest month is January. The average annual maximum temperature is: 33.0° Celsius The average annual minimum temperature is: 25.0° Celsius
- 28. Data Science: Solving Problems with Data Data science is an emerging discipline that draws upon knowledge in statistical methodology and computer science to create impactful predictions and insights for a wide range of traditional scholarly fields.
- 29. Impact of data science on society Saving energy Data driven hospitals A cleaner environment Volunteer with a socially-oriented data science program/organization Contribute via competitions
- 30. Consider solutions to real-world problems that you encounter Be thoughtful in professional work Continue…
- 31. Difference between social science and science data collection. Social Science Data Collection Focus on data generated in social sciences research, both quantitative and qualitative. Notably, within the field of social sciences, you will often work with data originating from human participants. This can mean that you are handling (sensitive) personal data, which deserve special attention.
- 32. Science Data Collection Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring data, information or any variables of interest in a standardized and established manner that enables the collector to answer or test hypothesis and evaluate outcomes of the particular collection.
- 33. • Social Science • Science Difference between social science and science data collection.
- 35. Conclusion
- 36. Thank you
Editor's Notes
- #24: The population of india, at 1210.2 million, is almost equal to the combined population of U.S.A, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan put Together. the population of these six countries totals 1214.3 million!