Research problem analysis final
- 1. Dr. Samshad Jahan Shumu Assistant Professor, Microbiology ShSMC Problem Analysis of Research
- 3. • At the end of the session participants will be able to- 1. Analyze a research problem and identify possible contributing factors/ variables. 2. Make a statement of research problem. Objectives of the session
- 4. It is a scientific actions by means of logical and systematized techniques, Aims to: • Discover new facts • Verify and test old facts. • Analyze their sequence, interrelationships and causal explanations. • Develop new scientific tools. What is research?
- 5. Sequence of steps in a research work Problem identification
- 6. What is a research problem ? 6 “A research problem is the problem or issue that leads to the need for a study” Creswell, 2008 Problem analysis is the synonymous of factor analysis
- 7. KCMC 27-29 November 2013 7 When problem analysis need? “When research is applied or operational, it may be applicable to do conduct a problem analysis Problem analysis Justify the importance of the problem through a proper state-of-the-art literature review Problem statement
- 8. •Taking a Logical Framework Approach (LFA)
- 9. KCMC 27-29 November 2013 9 Reflection Reflection ! Who are involved in problem identification and analysis ?
- 10. KCMC 27-29 November 2013 10 Out come /Reflection •What is the problem ? •What are the factors behind the problem? •Taking a Logical Framework Approach (LFA)
- 11. Effect!! • So, we Know the problem and potential factors • Then we can- next translate problems into objectives for the project
- 15. • Step 1: clarify view point of stakeholders. • Step 2: Specify and describe the core problem. • Step 3 : Analyze the problem. 3.1- write down core problem in the centre of flip chart / board 3.2- Brain storming on possible causes or contributing factors. 3.3- Identify further contributing factors. 3.4- Organize related factors in larger categories. Steps in analyzing the Problem
- 16. • What is a stakeholder in the context of research ? • “Stakeholders can be organisations, groups, departments, structures, networks or individuals and who has something to gain or lose through the outcomes of a planning process or project” Step 1: clarify view point of Stakeholders
- 18. The problem initially may expressed in broad and vague term- e.g. “ Assessment system of MBBS course should be evaluated” so, having discussions with teachers, students, doctors, researchers may clarify the issues by listening all the problems. Step 1: Clarify the Problem
- 19. • Problem: “ Assessment system of MBBS course should be evaluated”. Viva:……… 1. All question are not documented in the card 2. No question is written, teachers ask their own choice 3. Only contents are written, teachers ask the questions on these topic 4. Teachers provide clues if students failed to answer Written tests………. Practical exams……… Step 1: Clarify the Problem
- 20. • Identify the core problem and quantify it. e.g. “ Viva examination of MBBS course of Bangladesh are mostly subjective” • Describe the core problem: • Nature of the problem: discrepancy “ what is” and “should be” • Distribution : who, when, where……… • Size ( incidence/Prevalence) and intensity (rate/ratio) of the problem Step 2: Specify and describe the core problem
- 21. • Analysis of the problem involved several sub steps. • Identify factors that may have contributed to the problem. • Clarify the relationship between the problem and contributed factors. Step-3: Analyze the Problem
- 22. Problem FactorFactor Factor Step-3: Analyze the Problem
- 23. Viva examinations of the MBBS course are subjective Step-3.1: Write down the core Problem in the center
- 24. Step-3.2: Brainstorming on possible causes or contributing factors Viva are subjective mostly Senior teacher are not interested Teachers are not trained Administrator are not interested Excessive number of exam Load of postgraduate course Teachers are not interested
- 25. Teachers are not interested Teachers may loss authority on students Motivated to traditional methods Objective questioning is time consuming Out side practice Outside job Poor salaries Teachers have no duty except rating SOE Step-3.3: Identify further contributing factors
- 26. Teachers are not interested Teachers may loss authority on students Motivated to traditional methods Objective questioning is time consuming Out side practice Outside job Poor salaries Teachers have no duty except rating SOE Step-3.4: Organize related factors in larger categories Admini strative factors Don’t give the importanc assessment system curric ulam Factors related to students. training job satisfacti ons Teachers post graduatio n
- 28. Increased drought and water scarcity Poverty Increased rainfall Increased flooding Climate change/variability Increased temperatures Increased vector- breeding potential Insufficient training of health work force Unstable drug delivery Economic decline Increased environmental pollution Poor accessibility to health services Inadequate health infrastructure and capacity Insufficient sanitation facilities Poor waste disposal systems Poor governance Low disaster preparedness Weak health education Degradation of biodiversity Contamination of drinking water Loss of medicinal plants Excessive use of agro-chemicals Inappropriate cultural beliefs and practices Poor drainage systems Weak policies High illiteracy Decreased air quality Poor nutritional status Increased food shortages Lack of prior community consultations/invol vement Poor immune status Haphazard industrial development Unreliable environmental impact assessments Gender imbalances Poor knowledge on hygiene Weak legislation and enforcement Increased environmental health burden of water related diseases in Southern Africa
- 29. Climate change/variability • Increased temperatures • Increased rainfall • Increased flooding Environmental • Degradation of biodiversity • Loss of medicinal plants • Insufficient sanitation facilities • Decreased air quality • Increased vector breeding potential • Increased environmental pollution • Poor drainage systems • Excessive use of agrochemicals • Contamination of drinking water Re-grouping factors into broad categories
- 30. Governance/institutional • Haphazard industrial development • Unreliable environmental impact assessments • Inadequate health infrastructure and capacity • Insufficient raining of health workforce • Weak health education • Poor accessibility to health services • Weak policies (health, water, environment) • Weak waste disposal systems • Unstable drug delivery • Low disaster preparedness • Lack of prior consultations/involvement • Weak legislation and enforcement Re-grouping factors into broad categories
- 31. Socio-economic • Poverty • High illiteracy • Gender imbalance • Increased food shortages Biological • Poor immune status • Poor nutritional status Behavioral • Inappropriate cultural beliefs and practices • Poor knowledge on hygiene behavior Re-grouping factors into broad categories
- 32. Inadequate health infrastructure and capacity Increased environmental health burden of water related diseases in Southern Africa Increased vector- breeding potential Climate change/variability Poverty/socio- economy Poor governance Contamination of water Rural and urban development Environmental degradation and pollution Poor immune and nutritional status Poor sanitation and hygiene Lack of community awareness Vulnerable communities Water scarcityFlooding Re-grouping factors into broad categories
- 33. Clearly understanding the problem - which can be achieved by following ways- 1. Identify all possible factors contributing to the problem 2. Selecting some factors as variables for study 3. Proceed further formulating hypothesis , objectives, study design, sampling techniques, data analysis. Purpose of problem analysis
- 34. Problem statement should be- Clear Expressive Definitive Indispensable Precise Knowledge gathering Researcher clearly understand the problem Incorrectness some original idea New and correct idea Write precise statement Formulating Problem statement
- 35. • Foundation for development of research proposal. e.g. Objective, methodology, work plan, budget etc. • Make easier to find relevant information • Enables systematically printout the rationale - Why the proposed research on the problem should be undertaken. - What is hoped to achieve with this study. What is important to state and define the problem
- 36. What information should be included in problem statement • The Context in which the problem occur; • Magnitude of the problems: Incidence, Prevalence, available statistical data; • Time: When occur • Geographic area: location
- 37. Cont’d • Population affected • Socioeconomic and cultural characteristics • Description of nature of problem: the discrepancy what is and what to be; • An analysis of the major factors that may influence the problem • Probable reasons / controversies.
- 38. Cont’ • Attempts made to solve the problem(s) results attempts, problem solved problem unsolved • Aspects …….not yet studied • Info. expected and how it will be used • Crucial concepts should be defined. • Write abbreviations in full • Give reference in body • And give separate complete reference list.
- 39. Conclusion • Analysis of problem in any research should be the pre-requisite. • It may help to proceed the research to subsequent part.