research problem-for research -methods..
- 2. INTRODUCTION • A Research problem is a question that a researcher wants to answer or a problem that a researcher wants to solve.
- 3. • A research problem is an issues or a concern that an investigator / researcher presents and justifies in a research study.
- 4. WHAT SHOULD BE HAPPENING WHAT IS ACTUALLY HAPPENING THE PROBLEM STATEMENT
- 5. • Identification and formulation of a research problem is the first step of the research process. • It is the most challenging & difficult phase of the research process.
- 7. • Selection of a research problem depends on several factors such as researcher’s knowledge, skills, interest, expertise, motivation & creativity with respect to the subject chosen.
- 8. • A good research studies needs a lots of time for selection of research problem. • Initially every researcher faces a predicament of identifying, selecting and formulating a good research problem.
- 9. DEFINITION • “ A situation for which we have no ready & successful response by instinct or by previous acquired habit. We must find out what to do”, i.e. the solution can be found out only after an investigation. R.S. Woodworth.
- 10. • In others words, a research problem is an area of concern where there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for professional practices.
- 11. • A research problem and problem statement are frequently used as synonyms. • However there are a lot of difference between them.
- 13. COMPONENTS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM • A research problem has 6 components. • They are as follows…
- 14. • 1. Relevance of the study. • 2. Title of the study. • 3. Operational definitions of the variables. • 4. Objectives of the study. • 5. Delimitations of the study. • 6. Scope & limitations of the study.
- 15. IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM • Identification of the research problem is the first step. • Generally a broad area is selected and then it is delimited or narrowed down to a specific one sentence statement of the problem.
- 16. SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEM • The common sources of research problem are as follows. • 1. Personal experience. • 2. Practical experience. • 3. critical appraisal of literature.
- 17. • 4.Previous research. • 5. existing theories. • 6. Social issues. • 7. Brainstorming. • 8. Intuition. • 9. Folklores. • 10. Exposure to field situation. • 11. Consultation with experts.
- 18. PERSONAL EXPERIENCE • Day to day experience of the researcher serves as a good source of ideas to formulate research problem.
- 19. PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE • Clinical experience provides nurses ample opportunities foe problem identification. • This serves as a source for identifying research problems.
- 20. CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF LITERATURE • When one looks at books, articles, summaries of clinical issues relating to the subject of our interest, pertinent questions may arise.
- 21. • These may strike the reader’s mind by stimulating imagination and directly the additional research needed.
- 22. PREVIOUS RESEARCH • A body of knowledge is developed on a sound research finding. • Usually at the end of the research problems are suggested based on the shortcoming of the previous research, these could be investigated.
- 24. EXISTING THEORIES • Research is a process of theory development and theory testing.
- 25. • If an existing theory is used in developing a researchable problem, a specific statement from theory must be isolated. • Generally a part or parts of a theory are subjected to testing in a clinical situation.
- 26. • The testing of a theory is needed therefore they serve as a good source of research problem.
- 27. SOCIAL ISUES • Sometimes issues of global contemporary or political issues of relevance are suggested. • A idea for a research may stem from a familiarity with social concerns or controversial social issues.
- 28. BRAINSTORMING • Brainstorming sessions are good techniques to find new research questions.
- 29. • Brainstorming refers to intensified discussions among interested people of the profession in order to find more ideas to formulate a good research problem.
- 30. INTUITION • Intuitions' are considered good sources of knowledge as well as sources to find new research problems.
- 31. • It is believed that reflective mind is a good source of ideas, which may be used to find out new and good research problems.
- 32. FOLKLORES • Common beliefs could be right or wrong. • E.g., Studying just before examination decrease the score. A researcher can conduct a study to test this.
- 33. EXPOSURE TO FIELD SITUATIONS • During field exposure researchers get a variety of experiences which may provide plenty of ideas to formulate research problems.
- 34. CONSULTATIONS WITH EXPERTS • Experts are believed to have sound experience of their respective field, which may suggest a significant problem to be studied.
- 35. • In addition experts may help in finding a current problem of discipline to be solved which may serve as a basis for formulation of research problem.
- 36. THANK YOU