Review Modals Should, Could, and Must with Practice
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This document provides an overview of the modal verbs should, could, and must. It discusses their meanings and uses, including advice/expectation for should, possibility for could, and strong certainty for must. Examples are given of each modal verb in different tenses and functions. The document concludes with exercises to practice using modal verbs to rephrase sentences.
Review Modals Should, Could, and Must with Practice
- 1. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Modal Verb Overview A Brief Review of Should, Could and Must with Practice
- 2. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Modal Forms Modal + base form helper or main verb Simple I can go. Progressive He should be going. Perfect We would have gone if… Perfect They might have Progressive been going to go when…
- 3. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Modals’ Functions • Expectation and Conclusion • Suggestion/Advice • Description • Habitual Activity • Requests/ Offers/ Permission/ Ability/ Possibility • Disbelief/ Inaccuracy • Frustration/ Annoyance • Unfulfilled / Unrealized Actions (with perfect)
- 4. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Present Past May Might Could May have Might have Could have 50 % Certainty Must Must have 90 % Certainty Overview Modal Meaning
- 5. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Present Past Should Should Have Advice or Expectation Couldn’t Couldn’t have Impossibility Must Have to Had to Necessary Overview Modal Meaning
- 6. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Should SHOULD/SHOULD HAVE = ADVICE (GOOD IDEA) or = EXPECTATION
- 7. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Practice: Should Make a new sentence with the same meaning or comment on the sentence below. I didn’t bring a sweater, and now I’m cold.
- 8. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Possible Sentences I should have brought a sweater. I should have checked the weather before I left the house. I should ask Mr. C for his jacket.
- 9. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Practice: Should Make a new sentence with the same meaning or comment on the sentence below. I expect the bus will be here soon.
- 10. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Possible Sentences I should look out for it. I should stand up. I should pay attention. I should get to work on time.
- 11. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Practice: Should Make a new sentence with the same meaning or comment on the sentence below. If you study hard, I expect you can pass.
- 12. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Possible Sentences I should study hard, so I pass the class. I should pass the class so I must study hard.
- 13. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Practice: Should Make a new sentence with the same meaning or comment on the sentence below. The student didn’t study hard for the test, so he didn’t pass.
- 14. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Possible Sentence He should have studied! He should worked harder!
- 15. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Practice: Should Make a new sentence with the same meaning or comment on the sentence below. I took a shortcut going home, but I got lost.
- 16. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Possible Sentences I should not have taken the shortcut. I should have gone home the normal way.
- 17. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Must / Must Have MUST/MUST HAVE = 90% GUESS MUST HAVE = PAST TENSE FOR STRONG GUESSES ONLY HAD TO = PAST TENSE OF MUST (necessary, need to)
- 18. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net meaning present past (guess) must must have (necessary) must have to had to need to needed to “must have” is only for past guesses (or inferences) !!!
- 19. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Practice: Must Make statements about the following situations using must. Example: Jim needs a loan to pay his tuition. - Jill’s father must not earn a lot of money. - Jim must think that education is important.
- 20. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Make statements about the following situations using must. You notice that there are a lot of advertisements and TV commercials in the United States for dog and cat food. Practice: Must
- 21. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Americans must like dogs and cats. Americans must buy special food for their dogs and cat food. Americans must spend a lot of money on their pets. Possible Sentences
- 22. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Make statements about the following situations using must. You receive your telephone bill, and it lists two calls to Chicago. You don’t know anyone in Chicago. Practice: Must
- 23. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Someone must have stolen your phone number. Someone must be using your phone without permission. Possible Sentences
- 24. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Make statements about the following situations using must. A coffee shop near campus is always crowded day and night. Practice: Must
- 25. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Students must like their coffee. Students must not have any where else to go. This must be a popular place. Possible Sentences
- 26. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Make statements about the following situations using must. Most graduates of the Computer Science Department at State University get good jobs after graduation. Practice: Must
- 27. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Computer Science must be a good job. The State University must help students get jobs. Possible Sentences
- 28. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Could (1) POLITE REQUEST Could you open the window, please?
- 29. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Could (2) PERMISSION Could I borrow a dollar for a Coke?
- 30. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Could (3) PAST ABILITY / INABILITY I could swim 3 miles when I was younger. I couldn’t drive until I was 17 years old.
- 31. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Could (4) GUESS Present: I didn’t see Chuck this morning. He could be sick. Present Continuous: I’ve been trying to reach Keiko for an hour. She could be talking to her boyfriend.
- 32. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Could (5) PAST POSSIBILITY THAT DIDN’T HAPPEN Mariko could have gotten an “A” on the test, but she didn’t study. Tom could have finished his essay, but he went to the movies instead.
- 33. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Could (6) IMPOSSIBILITY Present: A: Fred weighs 250 pounds. B: He couldn’t weigh 250. He’s only 5´2´´ and wears a medium.
- 34. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Could (6) IMPOSSIBILITY Past: A: I saw Henry at the disco last night. B: You couldn’t have seen him at the disco. I was studying with him at the library all night.
- 35. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Could Uses 1. POLITE REQUEST 2. PERMISSION 3. GUESS / INFERRENCE 4. PAST ABILITY / INABILITY 5. PAST POSSIBILITY THAT DIDN’T HAPPEN 6. PRESENT IMPOSSIBILITY 7. PAST IMPOSSIBILITY
- 36. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Could with Possibility COULD / COULD HAVE = POSSIBLE, BUT IT DIDN’T HAPPEN COULDN’T / COULDN’T HAVE = IMPOSSIBLE
- 37. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Meaning Present Past Politeness / Permission Can could Ability Can could Guess Could Could have Possibility Could Could have Impossibility Couldn’t Couldn’t have
- 38. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Modal Problems 1) Using the WRONG verb form with modal We must to come to class on time. They can being late for class. I could was late for class. He should comes on time.
- 39. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Modal Problems 2) Using ENDING on modal He musts come to class on time. They coulded be late for class.
- 40. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Modal Problems 3) Using TWO modals together He might can come to class on time. They should could be on time for class.
- 41. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Modal Problems 4) Using don’t with modals He don’t can come to class on time. They don’t should be on late for class.
- 42. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Modal Problems 5) Using incorrect Past Part with modals He can’t have went to class on time. They should have was on time for class.
- 43. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Paraphrase Practice with Modals Paraphrase each sentence using a modal. I’m not sure if they were going steady when I met them, but it’s possible. They ...
- 44. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Possible Sentences They could have been going steady when I met them.
- 45. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Paraphrase Practice with Modals Paraphrase each sentence using a modal. They told everyone that they were happy, but we can only conclude that they were lying. They ...
- 46. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Possible Sentences They must not have been happy. They should not have said they were happy.
- 47. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Paraphrase Practice with Modals Paraphrase each sentence using a modal. It is unfortunate that they weren’t seeing a marriage counselor. They ...
- 48. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Possible Sentences They should have been seeing a marriage counselor. They could have been seeing a marriage counselor.
- 49. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Paraphrase Practice with Modals Paraphrase each sentence using a modal. I can’t believe they were expecting to settle this in one month! They ...
- 50. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net Paraphrase Practice with Modals They should not have been expecting to settle this in one month! They must have been crazy to think they could settle this in one month!
- 51. Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net For More Information Email Mrs. C ccoleman@clmn.net Visit Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net
Editor's Notes
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