right to information question answers

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1. hnh-cm-h-Im-i-n-ba {]Imcw hnhcw ÂtI-−Xv BcmWv ? At]£ BÀ¡v
kaÀ¸n-¡Ww ?
hntÃ-Pv-þ-]-©m-b¯v Hmôkv apXÂ kp{]ow tImSXn hsc-bp-Å-hbpw kÀ¡m-cnÂ
n¶pw GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯nÂ klm-b-[w e`n-¡p¶ kwL-S--Ifpw s]mXp A[n-
Imc Øm]--§-fnÂ AYhm s]mXp A[n-Imcn F¶ nÀh-N--¯nÂ hcpw. Hmtcm
s]mXp A[n-Im-cn¡pw th−n nb-an-¡-s¸« ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dmWv
hnhcw ÂtI-−-Xv. AXn-mÂ At]£ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Bô-kÀ¡v
ÂIWw. ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Bô-kÀ¡v ÂI-Ww. ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³
Bô-ksd kwt_m-[ sNbvXpsIm−v AtX s]mXp A[n-Imcn¡v th−n nb-an¨
kl ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡pw At]£ ÂImw. (hIp¸v 6(1))
2. ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS taÂhn-emkw Is−-¯p-¶-sX-§ns ?
]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Bôk-dpsS t]cv IrXy-ambn Adn-b-W-sa-¶n-Ã. hnhcw e`n-
¡p-¶-Xn-p-ff At]£ _Ô-s¸« s]mXp A[n-Imc kvYm]--¯nse taÂhn-
emk¯nÂ ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Bôk-À Fs¶-gpXn kaÀ¸n-¨mÂ aXn. tcn-s«-
¯n-¡p-I-tbm, X]m-enÂ Ab-¡p-Itbm sN¿mw. ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Bôk-
dpsS hnh-c-§Ä Adn-ªp-Iq-sS-¦nÂ At]£ Øm]--¯nse A[n-Im-cn¡v
kaÀ¸n-¨mÂ s]mXp A[n-Imcn ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v At]£
ssIam-dn-s¡m-Åpw.
3. ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸« hnh-c-§Ä apgp-h-mtbm `mKn-I-amtbm AXv Xmp-ambn
_Ô-s¸-«-X-sÃ¶v ]dªv Hcp ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v At]£ nc-kn-
¡mtam ?
]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸« hnh-c-§Ä apgp-h-mtbm `mKn-I-amtbm Xmp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«-X-
sÃ¶v ]dªv Hcp ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v ]ucsâ At]£ nc-kn-
¡m³ km[n-¡n-Ã. F¶mÂ Bh-iy-s¸« hnh-c-§Ä apgp-h-mbn asämcp s]mXp
A[n-Im-cn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«-Xm-sW¦nÂ At]£ atä s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-¡v
ssIamdn At]-£-Is hnhcw A-dn-bn-¡m³ At]£ ssI¸-änb s]mXp A[n-Im-
cn¡v _m²y-Xbp−v (hIp¸v 6(3)). ChnsS FSp¯p ]d-tb− asämcp Imcyw ]uc³
Bh-iy-s¸« hnhcw `mKn-I-ambn Xsâ ssIh-i-ap-Å-Xm-sW-¦nÂ _m¡n hnh-c-
§Ä¡p-th−n ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Bô-kÀ¡v hnhcw ssIh-i-apÅ s]mXp
A[n-Im-cn-bpsS klmbw tXSm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. (hIp¸v 5 (4,5)).
4. Hcp s]mXp A[n-Imcn ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Bô-ksd nb-an-¨n-«nÃ hnhcw
e`n-¡m³ F´p sN¿Ww ?
nbaw {]m_-ey-¯nÂ h¶ XobXn apXÂ ]ucv bmsXmcp s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bnÂ
n¶pw hnhcw e`n-¡m³ Ah-Im-i-ap-−v. Hmtcm s]mXp A[n-Im-cnbpw nbaw
]mÊm¡n 120 Znh-k-¯n-Iw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Bô-kÀ kl ]_vfnIv
C³^-Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ F¶n-hsc nb-an-¡-W-sa¶v nbaw Ap-im-kn-¡p-¶p.
(hIp¸v 5) CXnÂ n¶v a-Ên-em-t¡-−Xv Chsc GsX-¦nepw s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-
bpsS nb-an-¨n-«n-sÃ-¦nÂ AXv _Ô-s¸« s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS hogvN-bm-Wv. Bb-
Xn-mÂ ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ hnhcw ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmôksd nb-an-¨n-
«n-sÃ¦nÂ t]mepw Â-Im³ _Ô-s¸« s]mXp A[nImcn _m[y-Ø-mWv AXp-
t]mse s]mXp A[n-Imcn ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-ksd nb-an-¡m-¯-Xn-s-Xn-
scbpw GsXmcp ]ucpw hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j-nÂ ]cmXn ÂImw (hIp¸v 18 (1)
(a) )
5. Hcp ]»nIv C³^À-ta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v hnhcw ÂIp-¶Xv nc-kn-¡mtam ?

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NphsS tNÀ¡p¶ hnj-b-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v hnhc§Ä evIp¶Xv nc-kn-¡m³ ]n.
sF. H. A[n-Im-c-ap-−v. cmjv{S-¯nsâ kpc-£-tbtbm, ]c-am-[n-Im-c-t¯tbm, AJ-
Þ-X-tbtbm, {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p¶ hnh-c-§Ä, imkv{Xc-]-ctam, km¼-¯n-
Itam Bb XmÂ]-cy§Ä, hntZi cmPyhpam-bpÅ _Ô-§Ä F¶n-hsb {]Xn-Iq-
e-ambn _m-[n-¡p¶ hnh-c-§Ä, Hcp nb-a-tIm-S-Xntbm {So_yq-Wtem ÂI-cp-sX¶v
hne-¡n-bn-cn-¡p¶ hnh-c-§Ä, hym]mc hyh-kmb cl-ky-§Ä _u²n-Im-h-Im-iw,
hntZ-i-cm-Py¯p n¶v cl-ky-ambn e`n¨ hn-h-c-§Ä, Hcp hyàn-bpsS Poh-s-tbm,
ùXnI kpc-£n-X-Xz-s¯-tbm, hnhcw S-¸m-¡p¶ Dd-hn-S-s¯tbm A]-I-S-¯n-em-
¡p¶ hnh-c-§Ä, tIkv Atz-j-W-s¯tbm, Ipä-¡msc I−p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xntm,
t{]mkn-Iyq«v sN¿p-¶-Xntm XS-k-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ hnh-c-§Ä, a{ń-k-`m-tbmK NÀ¨-
IÄ kw-_Ôn-¨ tcJ-IÄ, hyàn Pohn-X-¯nsâ kzIm-cy-Xsb _m[n-¡p¶ hnh-c-
§Ä tI{µ kÀ¡mtcm, tÌäv kÀ¡mtcm Øm]n¨ Câ-en-P³kv, skIyq-cnän
Øm]--§fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnh-c§Ä, ]mÀe-saân-tâtbm Akw-»n-bp-tStbm
]Z-hnsb ln-¡p¶ hnh-c§Ä XpS-§n-b-h. F¶mÂ A§s sN¿p¶ ]£w B
Imcyw At]-£Is Adn-bn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. apI-fnÂ kqNn-¸n-¨h HgnsI `c-W-]-
chpw hnI-k]c-hp-amb aäv hnh-c-§Ä nc-kn-¡m³ ]n sF H Hbv¡v A[n-Im-c-an-
Ã. (hIp¸v 10(2)).
6. hnhcw e`n-¡p-¶-Xnv Fs´-¦nepw ôkpt−m ?
hnhcw e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ At]£ ôkpw hnhcw e`n-¡p-¶p-XnpÅ Nnehpw nb-
a-¯nÂ hyhØ sNbvXn-«p-−v. tI{µ Kh¬saâv kwØm--§sf kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-
t¯mfw tI{µ Kh¬saâpw, kwØm--§fnÂ kwØm Kh¬saâp-amWv ôkv
nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]¯p cq]-bmWv At]£ ôkv. F¶mÂ Zmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv¡v Xmsg-
bp-Å-hÀ¡v At]£ ôkv CÃ. tcJ-IÄ tcn«v ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xnv BZys¯
Hcp aWn-¡qÀ kab-t¯-bv¡v ôknÃ F¶mÂ XpSÀ¶pÅ Hmtcm 30 ann-änpw 10
cq] ôkv ÂI-Ww. AXp-t]mse ]IÀ¸v e`n-¡p-¶-Xnpw aäv coXn-bnÂ hnhcw
e`n-¡p-¶-Xnpw ôkv nc-¡p-IÄ D−v. AXm-bXv km[m-cW t]sPm-¶nv 2 cq]
km¼n-fp-IÄ, tamUÂ, am¸v, ¹m³ apX-em-b-hbv¡v Ah-bpsS bYmÀ° sNehv
^vtfm¸n, kn. Un, XpS§n CeIvt{Sm-WnIv co-Xn-bnÂ hnhcw e`n-¡m³- Hm-tcm-¶npw
50 cq]. F¶mÂ Zmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv¡v XmsgbpÅ-hsc hnh-c-§Ä ÂIp-t¼mÄ ÂtI-
−-Xmb ôknÂ n¶v Hgn-hm-¡n-bn-«p-−v. (hIp¸v (27) 6(1)).
7. ôkv F§-s-bmWv AS-bv¡p-¶-Xv ?
tIc-f-¯nÂ At]£ ôk-S-bv¡p-¶-Xnv 4 co-Xn-I-fmWv nÝ-bn-¨n-«pÅ-Xv. (1)
tImÀ«v ô Ìm-¼m-tbm, tm¬ PpUo-jyÂ Ìm¼mtbm, At]£m ^md-¯nÂ H«n-
¡mw. (2) {S-j-dn-bnÂ 0070-other administrative services–60 other services-800
other receipts-42 other items F¶ lUnÂ N-em³ AS¨v ckoXv At]-£-tbm-
sSm¸w lmP-cm-¡mw. (3) _Ô-s¸« ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS Hmô-
knÂ ]W-ambn AS¨v ckoXp hm§mw. (4) Unamâv {Um^väv, _mt¦gvkv sN¡v, t]
HmÀUÀ F¶n-h-bnÂ Hcp coXn Ah-ew-_n-¡mw. hnhcw e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ sNehv
]W-ambn _Ôs¸« HmôknÂ tcn«v AS-bv¡p-Itbm aWn HmÀUÀ Btbm
Unamâv {Um^vämtbm ÂIp-I--bpw sN¿mw. tI{µ kÀ¡m-À Hmô-kp-IfnÂ ]Ww
Unamâv {Um^vämtbm t]mÌÂ HmÀU-dmtbm AS-bv¡mw. (hIp¸v 6(1), 6(3), 6(5),6(6))
(Rule 3,4,5 of Kerala Right to Information Regulatins of Fee and Cost) Rules 2006)
8. At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶-Xnv Fs´-¦nepw S-]-Sn-{I-a§Ä ]men-¡m-pt−m ?
nÝnX hnhcw DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-sIm−v ]uc³ ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v
At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. {]kvXpX At]-£-bnÂ At]-£-Isâ ]qÀ®-amb t]cpw
taÂhn-em-k-hpw- e-`nt¡− hnh-c-¯nsâ hn-iZmwi-§Ä hnhcw GXp hÀjt¯-
XmWv {]k-à-amb aäv hnh-c§Ä F¶nh DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡-Ww. Zmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv¡v

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Xmsg-bp-Å-hÀ ôkn-fhv {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-¯W-sa-¦nÂ B hnhcw ImWn-¡bpw _n.
]n. FÂ. kÀ«n-^n-¡-änsâ tIm¸n lm-P-cm-¡p-Ibpw thWw. AÃm-¯-hÀ At]£m
ôknsâ tcJ Cu At]-£tbm¸w ÂI-Ww. (hIp¸v 6(1) Rule (3))
9. Hcp Un¸mÀ«vsatâm Hcp ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-ktdm At]£ kzoI-cn-
¡p-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ F´p sN¿Ww ?
At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡m-pÅ A[n-Imcw ]mÀe-saâv ]mÊm-¡nb nb-a-{]-Imcw ]ucv
kn²n-¨n-«p-Å-Xm-I-bmÂ At]£ kzoI-cn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv _Ô-s¸« DtZymK-ØÀ
ImWn-¡p¶ nb-a-ew-L-hpw A[n-Imc ZpÀhn-n-tbm-K-hp-am-Wv. Bb-Xn-mÂ A¡m-
cy§Ä _Ô-s¸« s]mXp A[n-Im-cnsb t_m-²y-s¸-Sp¯n At]£ kzoI-cn¨v
ckoXp ÂIm³ nÀ_-Ôn¡mw F¶n«pw At]£ kzo-I-cn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-
¦nÂ kwØm hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j³ ap¼msI AXn-s-Xnsc ]cmXn ÂImw.
(hIp¸v 18(1)(a))
10. hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xnv ka-b-]-cn[n Dt−m ?
hnh-c-§Ä ]ucv Ign-bp-¶{X thKw ÂI-W-sa-¶mWv nbaw Ap-imkn-¡p-¶-Xv.
hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xnv nÝ-bn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ ]c-am-h[n Imem-h[n 30 Znh-k-am-Wv. kl
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ HmôkÀ hgn-bmWv At]£ kaÀ¸n-¨-sX-¦nÂ 5 Znhkw
IqSn FSp-¡pw. F¶mÂ At]-£-Isâ Poh-stbm kzmX-{ý-s¯tbm _m[n-¡p¶
hnh-c-§fmWv Bh-iy-s¸-«-sX¦nÂ 48 aWn-¡q-dn-Iw AXv ÂI-Ww. (hIp¸v 7(7))
11. GsX-¦nepw Hcp {]tXyI hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-pÅ ImcWw ImWn-¡-
Wtam ?
hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-pÅ ImcWw ImWn-t¡-−-XnÃ. AXp t]mse Fń-p-
th-−nbmWv ]uc³ Hcp hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶s-X¶v tNmZn-¡p-hm-pÅ A[n-Imcw
]_vfnIv C³^Àtaj³ Hmô-kÀ¡p-an-Ã. (hIp¸v 6(2)).
12. cmPy¯v [mcmfw Ã nb-a-§Ä D−v. F¶mÂ Ah km[m-c-W-¡m-cv {]tbm-P-
-s¸-Sp-¶nÃ ]s£ Cu nbaw {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-sa¶v ]d-bm³ Imc-W-sa-´m-Wv. ?
CsXmcp ]utcm-·pJ-amb nb-a-amWv.
Cu nbaw hgn ]uc³ nbaw e`n-t¡-−-bmfpw s]mXp A[n-Imcn hnhcw
ÂIm³ D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯z-s¸-«-bm-fp-amWv
DtZym-K-ØÀ ]ucs klm-bn-¡m³ _m²y-Ø-mWv. DZm-l-c-W-¯nv
At]£ tcJm-aqew X¿m-dm¡n ÂIm³ Hcp ]ucv Ignbm¯ kml-N-cy-
¯nÂ B hyàn¡v AXv sNbvXp sImSp-t¡− Npa-Xe ]n. sF. H.
bv¡p−v.
Ipä-¡m-cs in£n-¡m³ ]ucv S-]Sn FSp-¡mw.
Ipäw sXfn-bnt¡− Npa-Xe ]ucv CÃ. Btcm-]n-¨mÂ am{Xw aXn.
nbaw ewLn-¡p-¶-hsc in£n-¡m³ efn-X-amb S-]-Sn-{I-a-§-fmWv nb-a-
¯n-epÅ-Xv.
C³Uy³ {]kn-Uânsâ Hmôkv apXÂ {Kma-Xe Hmôkp-hsc FhnsS
n¶pw ]ucv hnhcw e`n-¡m³ Ah-kcw CXp-hgn D−m-bn-cn-¡p¶p
kÀ¡m-cn-sâbpw kÀ¡m-cp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Øm]--§fp-tSbpw {]hÀ¯--
¯nÂ IqSp-XÂ kpXm-cy-Xbpw P-§-tfmSv {]X-n_-²-Xbpw D−m-Im³ Cu
nbaw klm-b-I-c-amWv

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13. mfn-Xp-hsc BÀs¡-¦nepw ]ng Npa-¯-s¸-«n-«pt−m ?
tI{µ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jpw kwØm I½o-j-p-Ifpw Ipä-¡m-cmb
AtIw DtZym-K-Ø-cpsS taÂ ]ng Npa-¯n-bn-«p-−v. Nne DZm-l-cW§Ä
UÂln-bn-epÅ Zuf¯v cmw tImf-n-bnse ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-
kÀ¡v H¶n-e-[nIw hogvN-IÄ¡mbn 1.25 e£w cq] ]ng Npa¯n
sIm¨n tImÀ¸-td-j³ sk{I-«-dn¡v 25000 cq] ]ng Npa¯n
kwØm Kh¬saâv sk{I-«-dn-tb-änse Hcp sk{I-«-dn¡v H¶n-e[nIw
tIkp-I-fnÂ ]ng Npa¯n
14. Npa-¯-s¸« ]ng-bnÂ n¶v Fs´-¦nepw XpI ]cm-Xn-¡m-cv e`n-¡ptam ?
]ucv hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xnv hogvN hcp-¯n-b-Xnsâ t]cnÂ _Ô-s¸« DtZym-K-
Øv Npa-¯-s¸« ]ng-bnÂ n¶v ]cm-Xn-¡m-cv Hcp XpIbpw e`n-¡p-I-bn-Ã.
F¶mÂ hnhcw ÂIm-Xn-cn-¡tbm Xma-kn-¸n-¡p-Itbm sXämb hnh-ctam A]qÀ®-
amb _p²n-apt«m tcn«p F¶v sXfn-bn-¡-s¸-«mÂ _Ô-s¸« Øm]w ]ucv
jvS-]-cn-lmcw ÂIm³ D¯-c-hp ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m³ C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jv A[n-
Im-c-ap-−v. (hIp¸v 19(8) (h)
15. ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Bô-kÀ¡p ]ng Npa-¯n-b-Xp-sIm−v At]-£-Iv
F´p {]tbm-Pw ?
Ipä-¡m-cs in£n-t¡-−Xv kaq-l-¯nsâ Bh-iy-am-Wv. cmPy¯p n¶v Agn-a-
Xnbpw kzP--]-£-]m-Xhpw DtZym-K-Ø-cpsS D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-cm-ln-Xyhpw CÃmbva
sN¿p-¶-Xnv CXp]I-cn-¡pw. IqSmsX Hcn-¡Â ]ng AS-bvt¡−n h¶ DtZym-K-
Ø³ ]n¶oSv At]-£-Iv hnhcw ÂIp-¶-XnÂ Iptd-¡qSn D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw ImWn-
¡p-Ibpw AXv aäp-ÅhÀ¡v amXr-I-bm-Ip-Ibpw sN¿pw. AXp-sIm−v Xm¦-fpsS {ia-
^-e-ambn sXäp sN¿p-¶-bmÄ in£n-¡-s¸-«-bmÂ Xm¦Ä¡v Xm¦-fpsS ]uc-[À½w
nd-thän F¶ IrXmÀ°-X-bp-−m-Ipw.
16. hnhcw e`n-¡p-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ F´p sN¿Ww ?
Hcp ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸« hnhcw _Ô-s¸« ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dnÂ
n¶pw 30 Znh-k-¯n-Iw e`n-¡p-¶n-Ãsb¦nÂ AXn-t·Â A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n-¡m-pÅ
Ah-Imiw ]uc-p-−v. A¸oÂ c−p Xc-¯n-ep-−v. H¶mw A¸oepw c−mw A¸o-epw.
H¶mw A¸oÂ Hmtcm s]mXp Øm]--§-fnepw Ahn-Ss¯ s]mXp A[n-Imcn nb-
an¨ A¸-teäv A[n-Im-cn-¡mWv ÂtI-−-Xv. F¶mÂ AhnsS n¶v oXn e`n-¡msX
hcn-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ AXm-bXv H¶mw A¸oÂ XÅn-bmtem AsÃ-¦nÂ A¸oÂ Xocp-
amw Xr]vXn-I-c-a-sÃ-¦ntem c−m-as¯ A¸oÂ ÂImw. CXv kwØm hnh-cm-h-
Imi I½o-j-mWv ÂtI−Xv DZm: {Kma-]-©m-b-¯p-I-fnÂ sk{I-«dn-bmWv ]_vfn-
Iv C³-^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ PnÃm sU]yq«n Ub-d-IvSÀ H¶mw A¸o-e-[n-Im-cn. tI{µ
kÀ¡mÀ Øm]--am-sW-¦nÂ tI{µ hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j-mWv c−m-as¯
A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n-t¡−-Xv. (hIp¸v 19 (1) )
17. H¶mw A¸o-e-[n-Imcn BcmWv ?
FÃm s]mXp A[n-Im-cnbpw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS taÂ AtX hIp-
¸nÂ Xs¶ DÅ Hcp taep-tZym-K-Øs A¸oÂ A[n-Im-cn-bmbn nb-an-¡-W-sa¶v
nbaw Ap-im-kn-¨n-«p-−v. (hIp¸v 19(1))
18. H¶mw A¸o-env {]tXyI ^mdw nÝ-bn-¨n-«pt−m ?

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A¸o-env t^mdw nÝ-bn-¨n-«p-−v. F¶mÂ t^md-¯nÂ Xs¶ thW-sa¶v nÀ_-Ô-
anÃ A¸o-env Bkv]-Z-amb hnh-c-§Ä tNÀ¯n-cn-¡-Ww. AXm-bXv ]_vfnIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v At]£ kaÀ¸n¨ XobXn, Bh-iy-s¸« hnhcw, kw_-
Ôn¨ hni-Zmw-i-§Ä, hnh-c-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Hmô-knsâ t]cv, ]»nIv C³^Àta-
j³ Hmô-kÀ hnhcw XoÀ¸m-¡nbXnsâ hnh-c-§Ä, A¸o-env t{]cn-¸n¨ hkvXp-X-
IfpsS Npcp¡w, A¸oÂ Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡p-¶-Xnv klm-bn-t¨-¡m-hp¶ atä-
s´¦nepw hnh-c-§Ä Ds−-¦nÂ Ahbpw tNÀ¶-XmWv A¸o-env Bkv]-Z-amb
hnh-c-§-fmbn tNÀt¡-−-Xv. (hIp¸v 28(3) (f))
19. H¶pw c−pw A¸o-ep-IÄ¡v Rm³ ôk-S-¡tWm ?
A¸o-env H¶npw ôk-S-t¡-−-Xn-Ã. (hIp¸v 7(3) ( b) 7(8) 19)
20. F{X Znh-k-¯n-p-ÅnÂ Rm³ A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n-¡Ww ?
A¸oÂ ]cm-Xn-¡m-kv]-Z-amb kw`hw D−mbn 30 Znh-k-¯n-Iw A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n-¡-
Ww. F¶mÂ A¸oÂ Xma-kn-¡m³ aXn-bmb Imc-W-§-fp-s−¶v A¸-teäv A[n-Im-
cn¡v t_m²y-s¸-«mÂ Xma-kn-¨pÅ A¸oepw kzoIcn-¡pw. (hIp¸v 19(1))
21. H¶mw A¸o-env tijhpw Fn¡v hnhcw e`n-¡msX h¶mÂ Rm³ F´p
sN¿Ww ?
H¶mw A¸o-env tijhpw hnhcw e`n-¡msX h¶mÂ kwØm hnh-cm-h-Imi
I½o-j³ ap¼msI c−mw A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n-¡m³ ]ucv Ah-Im-i-ap−v. (hIp¸v 18
19)
22. c−mw A¸oÂ F¶mÂ F´mWv ?
H¶mw A¸-teäv AtXm-dn-än-bpsS S-]Sn ]ucv Xr]v-Xn-I-c-a-sÃ¦nÂ AXn-t·Â
kwØm C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jv kaÀ¸n-¡p¶ A¸o-ens c−mw A¸oÂ F¶p
]d-bp-¶p. H¶mw A¸oÂ sImSp-¡msX ]ucv tcn«v kwØm hnh-cm-h-Imi
I½o-jv A¸oÂ ÂIm-hp-¶-XmWv ( hIp¸v (18))
23. c−mw A¸o-env {]tXyI ^mdw nÝ-bn-¨n-«pt−m ?
H¶mw A¸o-enpw c−mw A¸o-enpw Htc At]£m ^md-am-Wp-Å-Xv. {]kvXpX
At]-£-bnÂ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v At]£ kaÀ¸n¨ Xo-b-Xn,
H¶mw A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¨ XobXn, Bh-iy-s¸« hnhcw kw_-Ôn¨ hni-Zmwi§Ä,
hnh-c-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Hmô-knsâ t]cv, ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ
At]£ XoÀ¸m-¡n-b-Xnsâ hnh-c-§Ä, H¶mw A¸oÂ A[n-Imcn A¸oÂ XoÀ¸m-
¡n-bXpw Cu A¸o-en-m-[m-c-hp-amb D¯-c-hnsâ hnh-c-§Ä, A¸oÂ A[n-Im-cn-
bnÂ n¶v A{]-Im-c-apÅ D¯-chv ssI¸-änb XobXn, A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n-t¡− Ah-
km XobXn, A¸o-env t{]cn-¸n¨ hkvXp-X-I-fpsS Npcp¡w, A¸o-env Xocp-am--sa-
Sp-¡m³ klm-bn-t¨-¡m-hp¶ asä-s´-¦nepw hnh-c-§Ä F¶nh D−m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
(hIp¸v 2(3)).
24. c−mw A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n-¡m³ ka-b-]-cn[n Dt−m ?
H¶mw A¸-teäv AtXm-dn-än-bpsS Xocp-amw D−m-tI− Xob-Xnt¡m Xocp-amw
e`n¨ Xob-Xnbvt¡m sXm®pdp Znh-k-¯n-Iw c−mw A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡Ww.
F¶mÂ aXn-bmb Imc-W-§-fmÂ Xma-kn¨ A¸oepw kzoI-cn-¡mw. (hIp¸v 19(3))

6
25. hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw F¶v {]m_-ey¯nÂ h¶p ?
Cu nbaw tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ Kk-änÂ {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ 2005 Pq¬ 15 v BIvSv {]m_-ey-
¯nÂ h¶-Xmbn IW-¡m-¡mw. F¶mÂ BIvSv S-¸n-em-¡m³ {]mY-an-I-amb Gsd
S-]-Sn-IÄ DÅ-Xp-sIm−v Ah ]qÀ¯n-bm¡n ]ucv BIvSv {]Imcw Ah-Imiw
e`n-¨Xv BIvSv {]m_-ey-¯nÂ h¶ 15þ6þ05 apXÂ qän Ccp-]Xmw Znhkw AXm-bXv
12þ10þ05 apX-emWv (hIp¸v 1(3))
26. hnh-cm-h-Imi nba¯nv kam nb-a-§Ä hÃXpw D−m-bn-cpt¶m ?
C³UybnÂ 2002 Â ]mkm-¡nb Adn-bm-pÅ kzmX{ý nbaw (Freedom of
Information Act) ne-hn-ep-−m-bn-cp-¶p. alm-cm-jv{S, Xan-gvm-Sv, cmP-Øm³, UÂln,
a²y-{]-tZ-iv, Bkmw, P½p ImivaoÀ F¶o kwØm--§-fnÂ Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-
Imi nbaw S-¸m-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. 1994 se tIcf ]©m-b¯v cmPv, apn-kn-¸m-enän nb-
a-§-fnÂ 1999 se t`Z-KXn {]Imcw ]cn-an-X-amb tXmXnÂ Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Imiw
DÄs¸-Sp¯n . 1776 Â temI¯v BZyw koU-nÂ FÃm ]uc-·mÀ¡pw Adn-bm-pÅ
Ah-Imiw Ap-h-Zn¨p sIm−v nbaw ]mkm-¡n. 56 temI-cm-jv{S-§fnÂ C{]-Im-c-
apÅ nbaw S-¸m-¡n-bn-«p−v. 25 Hmfw cmjv{S-§Ä C¶v nb-a-nÀ½mWZi-bn-
emWv.
27. hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw BÀs¡Ãmw _m[-I-amWv ?
P½p ImivaoÀ HgnsI asäÃm kwØm--§-fnepw Cu nbaw _m[-I-am-Wv. hIp¸v (1
(2)) C³Uy-bnse ]uc-·mÀ¡v Ah-Imiw e`n-¡p-¶Xv C³Uy³ {]kn-Uânsâ
Hmôkp apXÂ Xmsg {Kma-X-e-¯n-epÅ Kh Hmô-kp-IÄ, `cW LS ]mÀe-saâv
]mkm-¡nb nb-aw, -kw-Øm Akw_vfn ]mkm-¡nb nb-aw, tI{µ kwØm
kÀ¡m-cp-I-fpsS D¯-c-hp-Itfm, hnÚm-]--§tfm aqew Øm]n-¡-s¸-«-tXm, kwL-
Sn-¸n-¡-s¸-«tXm Bb Øm]--§Ä, Kh-¬saânv DS-a-Ø-X-bpÅ Øm]-§Ä,
Kh¬saâv nb-{ń-¡p¶ Øm]-§Ä, Kh¬saâv tcnt«m AÃm-Xtbm KWy-
amb [-k-lmbw ÂIp¶ Øm]-§Ä, Kh¬saâv KWy-amb [-k-lmbw
ÂIp¶ Kh¬saân-Xc kwL-S--IÄ F¶nh s]mXp A[n-Imcn F¶ nÀh-N--
¯nÂ sIm−p-h¶v s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-IÄ¡v nbaw _m[-I-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
(hIp¸v 2 (h) ).
28. KWy-amb Kh-¬saâv klmbw F¶-Xp-sIm−v Dt±-in-¡p-¶-sX-´m-Wv ?
KWy-amb Kh-¬saâv klmbw (substantially financed) F¶Xv nÀh-Nn-¨n-«n-Ã.
XpI-bpsS hep-¸-am-Imw. {]hÀ¯ ^−nsâ hÀ²n¨ Ap-]m-X-am-Imw. Hcp
{]tXyI ]²Xn-¡p-th−n kÀ¡mÀ ÂIp¶ [-k-lm-b-hp-am-Imw.
29. Kh¬saân-Xc Øm]--§Ä CXnsâ ]cn-[n-bnÂ hcptam ?
`c-W-L-S-, ]mÀe-satâm Akw-»ntbm ]mkm-¡nb nb-aw, Kh-¬saâv ]pd-s¸-Sp-
hn¨ D¯-c-hp-IÄ, hnÚm-]--§Ä F¶n-h-bnÂ H¶p {]Imcw cq]o-I-cn-¨tXm
kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-s¸-«tXm, Kh¬saâv DS-a-Ø-X-bn-ep-ÅtXm nb-{ń-¡-s¸-Sp-¶tXm
XpS-§nb {]tbm-K-§fpsS taJe hfsc hn]p-e-am-Wv. ]e Kh-¬saân-Xc Øm]--
§Ä¡pw Ch-bnÂ Nne e£-W-§Ä It−¡mw. IqSp-XÂ hyà-amb nÀh-N--
¯nsâ A`m-h¯nÂ Hcp Øm-]w hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nsâ ]cn-[n-bnÂ hcptam
F¶ Imcyw tImS-Xn-bp-tStbm hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j-sâtbm ]cn-tim-[-bv¡v hnt[-
b-am-t¡-−n-h-cpw. kÀ¡m-cnÂ n¶v GsX-¦nepw {]tXyI t{]mP-IvSnv ^−p
hm§p¶ k¶² kwL-S--Ifpw B t{]mP-IvSns kw_-Ôn¨ s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-

7
bpsS nÀh-N--¯nÂ hcp-sa¶v ASp-¯nsS kwØm hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j³ Hcp
tIknsâ hn[n-bnÂ {]Jym-]n-¡p-I-bp-−m-bn. (hIp¸v 2 (h) ).
30. 1923 se HutZym-KnI clky nbaw hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnv XS-
Ê-atÃ ?
1923 se HutZym-KnI clky nbaw hnhcm-h-Imi nbaw S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnv XS-Ê-a-
Ã. ImcWw 1923 se HutZym-KnI clky nb-a-¯n-tetbm atä-sX-¦nepw nb-a-¯n-
tetbm nb-a-{]m-_-ey-apÅ aäv {]am-W§fn-setbm GsXmcp hyh-Ø-IÄ¡pw Cu
nba-¯nse hyh-Ø-I-fpsS taÂ {]m_-ey-an-Ã. (hIp¸v 2 (3) ).
31. PIObv¡v GsX-¦nepw hn[-¯nÂ `mKn-I-ambn hnhcw ÂIm-hp-¶-XmtWm ?
Hcp ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸« apgp-h³ hnh-chpw e`y-am-¡m³ {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn Akm-[y-
am-sW-¦ntem Hcp tcJ-bpsS Ipsd-`mKw cl-ky-tc-J-bpsS nÀh-N--¯nÂ DÄs¸-Sp-
sa-¦ntem ]ucv {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-sa¦nÂ `mKn-I-ambn hnhcw ÂImw. F¶mÂ C§-
s-bpÅ hnhcw ÂIp-t¼mÄ AXv `mKn-I-amb hnhcw BsW¶v IqSn ]ucs
Adn-bn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww. (hIp¸v 10(1) 6(1) (i) ).
32. Ipdn¸v ^b-enÂ n¶pÅ hnhcw ÂIm-Xn-cn-¡mtam ?
]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ hnhcw Ipdn¸v ^b-enÂ DÅ-Xm-sW-¦nÂ B ImcWw
]dªv AXv nc-kn-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã. B hnh-chpw ]ucv ÂIm³ ]_vfnIv C³^-
Àta-j³ HmôkÀ _m²yØ-mWv.
33. hnhcw e`n-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm−v F-´mWv {]tbm-Pw ?
Fs´ms¡ am-Z-Þ-§fpsS ASn-Ø-m--¯n-emWv _Ô-s¸« DtZym-K-Øcpw b-
Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡p-¶-hcpw Xocp-am-§-sf-Sp-¯-sX¶v a-Ên-em-¡m³ hnhcw ]ucs
klm-bn-¡pw. AXp t]mse Hcp ]uc³ F¶ ne-bnÂ Xs¶ `cn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS S-]-
Sn-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v Adn-bp-Ibpw S-]-Sn-I-fnÂ A]m-IX tXm¶n-bmÂ Ah ]cn-l-cn-¡p-
¶-Xnpw BhÀ¯n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡mpw S-]Sn kzoI-cn-t¡− Npa-Xe ]uc-[À½-¯nÂ
DÄs¸-Sp-¶p. `cWw kpXm-cy-am-¡mpw Pm-[n-]-Xy-¯nsâ Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb ne-
nÂ¸npw kwip-²-Xbv¡pw ]uc-·mÀ hnhcw Adn-tb-−Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. hnh-c-
§Ä e`n¡p-¶Xn--eqsS kÀ¡mcnsâ {]hÀ¯--§Ä hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xnpw Xocp-am-
-§fnepw b-cq-]o-I-c-W§fnepw kzm[ow sNep-¯p-¶-Xnpw ]ucv Ign-bpw.
Npcp-¡-¯nÂ AÀ°-]qÀ®hpw hnI-kn-X-hp-amb Pm-[n-]-Xy-¯nv CXv hgn
Xpd¡pw. (nb-a-¯n-sâ Bap-Jw).
34. hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw D]-tbm-Kn¨v hnhcw tiJ-cn¨ Agn-aXn shfn-¨¯p
sIm−p hcp-¶-Xp-sIm−v BÀs¡-¦nepw òjWn tcn-tS−n h¶n-«pt−m ?
CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« ]eÀ¡pw òjWn tcn-tS−n h¶n-«p−v. F¶mÂ C¶v A§-
s-bpÅ {]h-W-Xsb AXn-Po-hn-¡m³ Iq«mbn {]hÀ¯n-¡tbm At-Iw t]À
Hmtc hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Itbm F¶ X{´-amWv ]u-c-k-aqlw kzoI-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
35. hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw S-¸m-¡n-b-Xp-sIm−v Fs´¦nepw {]tbm-P--ap-Å-Xmbn
Icp-Xmtam ?
`cW cwK-¯p-Å-h-cpsS Ae-k-X, Dt]£ apX-em-bh Ipsd-sbms¡ Ah-km-n-¸n-
¡m³ Ign-ªp. hyàn-IÄ¡v kÀ¡mÀ kwhn-[m--¯nÂ n¶v e`n-t¡− Bp-Iq-
ey-§Ä [rX-K-Xn-bnÂ S-¸m¡n In«m³ Ign-ªp. aqSn h¨n-cp¶ ]e sXämb S-]-Sn-

8
Ifpw Ahn-ln-X-amb ]e {]hÀ¯--§fpw shfn-¨-¯p-sIm−ph¶v ]cn-l-cn-¡m-
hp¶ ]eXpw ]c-nl-cn-¡m³ Ignªp. FÃm-än-ep-ap-]cn hnhcw e`y-am-Ip-sa¶
[mcW ]ucsâ ]Zhn DbÀ-¯p-Ibpw hnhcw ]pd-¯-dn-bp-sa¶ [mcW DtZym-K-ØÀ
IqSp-XÂ Imcy-£-a-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xnpw Xocp-am-sa-Sp-¡p-¶-Xnpw
CS-bm-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Agn-aXn ndª cmjv{S-§-fnÂ aq¶mw Øm-ap-−m-bn-
cp¶ C³UybpsS Ømw ap¶nÂ n¶v Xmtgm-«m-bn-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-¶-sh-¶Xpw Cu
nb-a-¯nsâ Hcp {]tbm-P--am-Wv.
36. òjWn-Isf tcn-Sm-hp¶ X{´-§fpt−m ?
Nne-t¸m-sg-¦nepw Häbv¡v s]mcp-Xn-bmÂ òj-Wn¡v hiw-h-Z-cm-tI-−n-h-cp-¶-Xmbn
ImWp-¶p-−v. Hcp At]-£-I³ òj-Wn¡v hnt[-b-am-bm-Â aäv ]¯p t]À IqSn
At]-£n-¡pI. th−n h¶mÂ IqSp-XÂ BÄ¡mÀ ho−pw At]-£n-¡pI.
A§s Iq«mb {]hÀ¯--¯n-eqsS òjWn-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bm¯ kml-Ncyw
krjvSn-s¨-Sp-¡pI F¶-XmWv ê-{]-Z-amb X{´w. Cu Imcy-¯nÂ k¶-²-kw-L-S--
IÄ¡v IqSp-XÂ ê-{]-Z-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶p−v.
37. hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw hnhcw tiJ-cn¨p sIm−v P-§Ä¡v DtZym-K-
Øsc »m¡v sabnÂ sN¿m³ Ah-kcw ÂIp-I-btÃ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶Xv ?
sXäp ]än-b-h-sc-bmWv »m¡v sabnÂ sN¿m³ Ignbp-I. sXäv ]cn-l-cn-¡m³ Ign-
bmsX hcp-t¼mÄ »m¡v sabn-enwKv XpSÀ¶p sImt−-bn-cn-¡pw. BbXn-mÂ sXäv
sNbvXn-«ps−¦nÂ AXv AwKo-I-cn-¡pIbpw AXv Xncp-¯pIbpw taenÂ AXn-pÅ
Ah-kcw D−m-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xp hgn »m¡v sabn-en-pÅ kml-Ncyw
Hgn-hm-¡mw.
38. nbaw S-¸m-¡n-b-Xn-mÂ At]-£-I-fpsS {]f-b-am-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw AXv Hmôkv
{]hÀ¯-s¯ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-bntÃ ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi S-¸m-¡n-b-Xn-mÂ At]-£-I-fpsS {]f-b-am-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶pw AXv
Hmôkv {]hÀ¯-s¯ {]-Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p-sa¶ [mcW icn-b-Ã. UÂln-
bnÂ Cu nbaw S-¸m-¡n-b-t¸mÄ Hcp hIp-¸nÂ Hcp amkw icm-icn 2 At]-I-
fmWv e`n-¨-Xv. alm-cmjv{S kwØms¯ Ap-`-hhpw AXp-t]me Xs¶-bm-bn-cp-
¶p. tIc-f-¯n-em-Is« Cu nbaw Imcy-ambn ]uc-·mÀ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶nÃ F¶-
XmWv ØnXn. Cu nbaw hc-p-¶Xnv ap³]pw AXym-hiyw tcJ-I-fpsS ]IÀ¸v e`n-
¡m³ kwhn-[mw D−m-bn-cp-¶p. Bh-iy-¡mÀ hnhcw tiJ-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-
¶p.
39. nbaw S-¸m-¡m³ h³Xp-Ibpw aäv hn`-h-ti-jnbpw Bh-iy-ambn hcn-I-bntÃ ?
tI{µ kwØm hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j-p-I-fpsS sNe-hmWv {][m--ambpw IqSp-XÂ
h¶n-«p-Å-Xv. ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ, kl-]-_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-
kÀ Un¸mÀ«p-saâÂ A¸o-e-[n-Imcn F¶o Npa-X-e-IÄ ne-hn-epÅ DtZym-K-ØÀ
{]tXyI Ae-h³kn-ÃmsX Xs¶ nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶p. AhÀ At]£ ssIImcyw
sN¿p-¶-Xnpw hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xnv th−n IqSp-XÂ kabw Nne-h-gn-t¡−n hcp-
sa-¶pÅXmWv _m²y-X. sNdnb tXmXnÂ hm§p¶ At]-£m-ôkv CXv Ipd-
sbms¡ ]cn-l-cn-¡pw. hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw kÂ`-cWw sIm−p-h-cmpw ]ucm-h-
Im-i§Ä DbÀ¯p-¶-Xnpw Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Pm-[n-]Xy k{¼-Zmbw ne-nÀ¯p-
¶-Xn-p-am-Wv. CXn-mÂ Iq-Sp-XÂ sNe-hp-IÄ tcn-tS−n hcpsa¦-nÂ IqSn AXv ·-
bv¡mWv.
40. P-§Ä Am-h-iy-ambn At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶Xv F§s Hgn-hm¡mw ?

9
P-§Ä Am-h-iy-ambn At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡p¶ {]h-WX Ipd-hm-Wv. hnh-c-§Ä
kzta-[bm {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯m-pÅ nba hyhØ ]men-¨mÂ At]-£-I-fpsS F®w
hfsc Ipd-bpw. Hmôkv ]c-kn-c¯v hmÀ¯m t_mÀUv kvYm-]n¨v Hmôkv
Imcy§sf-¡pdn-¨pÅ hnh-c-§Ä {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡mw. ]ucm-h-Imi tcJ {]kn-²o-I-
cn¨pw km[n-¡p-sa¦nÂ CâÀ säntem Hcp skäv D−m¡n hnh-c-§Ä AXnÂ
ÂInbpw At]-£-I-fpsS F®w Ipdbv¡mw P-§Ä hnh-c-§Ä tXSns¡m-−n-cn-
¡p-¶Xv DtZym-K-Ø-cpsS IS-a-I-fn-epÅ Ah-cpsS {i² hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw hnh-c-
§Ä Nn«-bmbn kq£n-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.
41. ^bÂIp-dn-¸p-IÄ ]c-ky-am-¡-cp-Xv. ImcWw kXy-k-Ô-amb D]-tZiw sImSp-¡p-
¶-XnÂ n¶v AXv DtZym-K-Øsc ]nń-cn-¸n-¡pw. ?
^bÂ¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ ]ucv {]m]y-am-¡p-¶Xv kXy-k-Ô-amb D]-tZiw sImSp-¡p-¶-
XnÂ n¶v DtZym-K-Øsc ]nń-cn-¸n-¡p¶ hmZw icn-b-Ã. ImcWw hnhcw ]pd-¯-dn-
bp-sa¶v h¶mÂ DtZym-K-Øv Xtâ-S-t¯msS kXy-k-Ô-ambn Ipdn-¸p-IÄ tcJ-s¸-
Sp¯mw ^b-ep-Ifpw aäpw Fgp-Xp-t¼mÄ ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ shfn-s¸-Sp-
t¯−nhcpw F¶ [mcW a-Ên-ep−m-bmÂ AXv icn-bmb co-Xn-bnÂ ^bÂ Ipdn-
¸p-I-sf-gp-Xm³ DtZym-KØs t{]cn¸n-¡p-sa¶ Imcy-¯nÂ kwi-b-an-Ã.
42. kÀ¡mÀ DtZym-K-ØÀ¡v X§-fpsS ne-n-ev]n-p-th−n ]e-hn-[-¯n-epÅ
k½À±-§Ä¡v hnt[-b-am-tI-−n-hcpw AtX-¡p-dn¨v kmamy P-§Ä¡v Adn-hntÃ
?
DtZym-K-ØÀ¡v Xocp-am--§-sf-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ ]e hn[-¯n-epÅ k½À±-§Ä¡v hnt[-
b-cm-tI-−n-h-cp-¶p-sh¶ a-Ên-em-¡-emWv kpXm-cyhpw P-§-tfmSv {]Xn-_--²-X-bp-
apÅ Hcp `cWw D−m-Ip-¶-Xnv s]mXp A[n-Imc Øm]--§fpsS ssIh-i-apÅ
hnh-c§Ä FÃm ]uc-·mÀ¡pw e`y-am-Im-mbn C§-s-sbmcp nb-aw-sIm−v h¶Xv
. DtZym-K-Ø-cpsS taÂ Aymb-ambn Xocp-am--§-sf-Sp-¡m³ k½À±w sNep-¯p-¶-
h-scbpw Cu nbaw ]p-d-¯p-sIm−p hcp-sa-¶-Xn-mÂ Cn DtZym-K-ØÀ k½À±-
§Ä¡v hg-§m³ ]än-Ã-sb¶v Xpd¶p ]dbmw.
43. kÀ¡mÀ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ icn-bmb coXn-bnÂ kq£n-¡p-¶n-Ã. ]ns¶ F§n-s-
bmWv hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw {]tbm-K-¯nÂ hcp-¯pI ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw Adn-bm-pÅ Ah-Imiw Xzcn-X-s¸-Sp-¯¡ hn[w
FÃmw s]mXp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw X§fpsS FÃm tcJ-Ifpw kw_-Ôn¨ hnhc
]«nI X¿m-dm¡n hnj-b-{I-a-a-p-k-cn¨v kq£n-¡p-Ibpw I¼yq-«-ssdkv sN¿m-hp-¶h
hn`h e`y-X-¡-p-kr-X-ambn ymb-amb kab ]cn-[n-¡p-ÅnÂ I¼yq-«-ssdkv sN¿p-
Ibpw Ah-bn-te-¡pÅ {]m]yX Dd-¸m-¡-¯¡ hn[w hnhn[ irwJ-e-IÄ hgn cmPy-
sam-«msI _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿-W-sa¶v BIvSnsâ 4þmw hIp¸v Ap-im-kn-¡p-
¶p. AXp ]men-¡m¯ ]_vfnIv AtXm-dn-«n-bpsS t]cnÂ C³^Àtaj³ I½o-jv
]cmXn t_m[n-¸n-¨mÂ S-]-Sn-bp-−m-Ipw. (hIp¸v 18(1) (c) 25(5) (iii) 19 (8) (a) )
44. hfsc hn]p-e-amb hnh-c-§Ä Bh-iy-s¸-«p-sIm−pÅ At]£ nc-kn-¨p-IqtS ?
Bh-iy-s¸« hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸« coXn-bnÂ ÂIp-¶Xv s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS hn`-
h-tijn Aan-X-ambn jvS-s¸-Sp-¯m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶n-S-t¯mfw A{]-Imcw ÂI-W-sa-
¶mWv hyh-Ø. X·qew s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS hn`-h-tijn IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v
hnhcw ÂIp¶ coXn-bnÂ Xocp-amw FSp-¡m-pÅ hnth-N-m-[n-Imcw hnn-tbm-Kn-
¡m-sa¶v ]tcm-£-ambn ChnsS AÀ°-am-¡p¶p. CXv kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv h-fsc hn]p-
e-amb hnh-c-§-fm-sW¶ ImcW¯mÂ ]ucsâ At]£ nc-kn-¡m³ ]_vfn-Iv
C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v A[n-Im-c-an-Ã-sb-¶mWv. (hIp¸v 7(9) )

10
45. P-§Ä AhÀ¡v Bh-iy-apÅ Imcy§Ä am{Xw Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ t]msc ?
Ahsc _m[n-¡m¯ `c-W-Im-cy-§Ä kw-_Ôn¨ tNmZy-§Ä Ap-h-Zn-¡-Wtam
?
F´v Bh-iy-¯n-p-th−n hnhcw e`y-am-¡Ww F¶v Atz-jn-¡m-pÅ A[n-Imcw
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ¡v CÃm-¯-Xn-mÂ ]uc³ Bhiy-s¸-Sp¶
hnhcw ÂIntb ]äq. C¡m-cy-¯nÂ s]mXp A[n-Imcn-bpsS hnth-N-m-[n-Im-c-
¯nv {]k-àn-bn-Ã. am{X-aÃ P-§Ä¡p-th−n `cWw S-¯p¶ kÀ¡m-cnsâ
{]hÀ¯--§-sf-¡p-dn¨v icn-bmb Adnhv e`n-s¨¦nÂ am{Xta Pm-[n-]Xy A[n-
Imcw ]ucv AÀ°-]qÀ®-ambn hnn-tbm-Kn-¡m-m-hq. ( hIp¸v 6(2) )
46. ssI¡q-enbpw Agn-a-Xnbpw Ah-km-n-¸n-¡pI F¶-XmtWm hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-
aw-sIm−v e£y-an-Sp-¶Xv ?
s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS ssIh-i-apÅ ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ hnhcw ]ucv
ÂIpI F¶Xp am{X-amWv Cu nb-a-¯nsâ {]Xy£-e-£yw. F¶mÂ Ahn-ln-X-
amb sNbvXn-IÄ kpXm-cy-ambn Xocp-¶-Xn-mÂ ]tcm-£-ambn Agn-a-Xnbpw ssI¡q-
enbpw kzP--]-£-]m-Xhpw Ah-km-n-¸n-¡m³ CXp-hgn Ign-bpw. ChnsS Adnhv
Bbp-[-am-¡m-pÅ Ignhv thW-sa¶v am{Xw.
47. s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]--§Ä¡v Ah-cp-tS-Xmb ss_sem-IÄ D−v. Ah s]mXp
P-§Ä¡v hnh-c-§Ä ÂIp-¶-Xns ntcm-[n-¡p-¶p. hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw
A§n-s-bpÅ Øm]--§Ä hnhcw ÂIm³ _m²y-Ø-mtWm ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nv asäÃm nb-a-§-fpsSbpw taÂ {]m_-ey-ap−v (over
riding effect). s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]--§Ä Cu n-baw Ap-k-cn-¡p-Itbm Ah-
cpsS ss_sem-IÄ Cu nba¯nv Ap-kr-X-am¡n amän-sb-gp-Xp-Itbm sN¿-Ww.
]mÀe-saâv ]mkm¡n {]kn-Uâv AwKo-I-cn¨ nb-as¯ [n¡-cn-¡p¶ Hcp nb-a-
¯npw ss_sembv¡pw cmjv{S-¯n--I¯v ne-nÂ¸n-Ã. (Govt of India Gazette
ordinary No 25 dated 21st
June 2005- notification of Ministry of Law and Justice
dated 21st
June 2005 and section 22 of the Act)
48. ]e hnh-c-§fpw Kh¬saâv DtZym-K-ØÀ tcn«v Adn-bn--¡m-dp−v. hnh-cm-h-Imi
nbaw A§ns hm¡mÂ hnhcw ÂIp-¶Xv ntcm-[n-¨n-«pt−m ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw hm¡mÂ hnhcw ÂIp-¶Xv ntcm-[n-¨n-«n-Ã. F¶mÂ A§n-
s-bpÅ hnh-c-§Ä 4þmw hIp¸v (2) (3) D] hIp-¸p-IÄ {]Imcw kzta-[bm {]kn-²-
s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv IqSp-XÂ DNn-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
49. ]ucm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw Hcp ]ucv hm¡mÂ DÅ nÀt±i-§Ä Bh-iy-s¸-
Smtam ?
Bh-iy-s¸-Smw. F¶mÂ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm^o-kÀ AXv tcJm-aqew X¿m-dm-
¡m³ Bh-iy-amb klmbw ]ucv ÂI-Ww. hIp¸v 6(1) (b))
50. Kh¬saâv DtZym-K-ØÀ¡v hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw hnn-tbm-Kn¨v Ah-cpsS
hmÀjnI clky dnt¸mÀ«v (Annual confidential role or report) {]m]y-am-¡mtam ?
CXv s]mXp Xmev]-cy-¯ntm s]mXp {]hÀ¯--¯ntm Bh-iy-ap-Å-X-Ãm-¯Xpw
hyàn-]-c-hp-amb hn-h-c-§Ä Bb-Xn-mÂ kmamy nebv¡v ]ucv {]m]y-am-t¡-
−-XnÃ F¶mÂ ]mÀe-satâm kwØm nb-a-k-`tbm Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ sImSp-¡m-
hp¶ hnh-c-§Ä ]ucv ntj-[n-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã F¶v hyhØbpÅ-Xn-mÂ s]mXp

11
{]hÀ¯--¯ntm s]mXp Xmev]-cy-¯ntm hnhcw ÂIp-¶Xv Bhiy-ambn
I−mÂ ÂIm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. (hIp¸v 8(1) )
51. Hcp hnZymÀ°n¡v Xm³ Fgp-Xnb ]_vfnIv ]co£ D¯-c-¡-S-emkv amÀ¡n-«-
Xnsâ ]IÀ¸v e`n-¡mtm ]cn-tim-[n-¡mtm hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw Ah-Im-i-
apt−m ?
CXv kw_-Ôn¨v hyXyØ ne-]m-SmWv hnhn[ A[n-Im-cn-IÄ ssIs¡m-−n-«p-Å-Xv.
CXv hyàn-K-X-amb hnhcw BsW-¶p-Å-XmWv sImSp-¡p-¶-Xn-s-Xn-sc-bpÅ hmZw.
F¶mÂ AtX hyàn Xs¶ Bh-iy-s¸-Spt¼mÄ Cu XS-Ê-¯nv {]k-àn-bn-Ã.
¢mÊp ]co-£-IfpsS IS-emkv hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v ]cn-tim-[-bv¡v sImSp-¡m-dp-ÅXn-
mÂ D¯-c-¡-S-em-kp-IÄ¡v s]mXpth clky kz`mhansÃ¶v hyàw. F¶mÂ
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ ]co-£-bpsS D¯-c-¡-S-em-kp-IÄ cl-kytcJ-bmbn kq£n-
¨n-cp-¶p. hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nÂ clky-ambn kq£n-t¡− {]am-W§-fpsS
enkvänÂ D¯-c-¡-S-emkv {]tXyIw DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. tIcf sslt¡m-SXn hyàn-
K-X-amb Hcp tIknÂ ]»nIv ]co-£-bpsS D¯-c-¡-S-emkv ]cn-tim-[n-¡m³ Ap-h-
Zn-¨p-sIm−v hn[n {]kvXm-hn-¨n-«p-−v.
52. Hcp hIp-¸ntem Hmô-kntem hyXy-kvX-amb ]e {]hÀ-¯--§Ä It−-¡mw.
Ah Hmtcm-¶npw {]tXyIw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-ksd nb-an-t¡-−-
Xpt−m ?
hyXy-Ø-amb ]e {]hÀ¯--§Ä DÅ Hcp Hmô-knÂ Ah Hmtcm-¶npw
{]tXyIw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ thW-tam-sb-¶Xv Hmô-knsâ kml-N-
cy-a-p-k-cn¨v ssIImcyw sNt¿-−-Xm-Wv. Hcp ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v
aäm-cnÂ n¶pw klmbw tXSm-hp-¶Xpw, A§ns kao-]n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ DtZym-K-Øs
A¡m-cy-¯nv ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dmbn IW-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw BWv.
F¶mÂ hn-hn[ imJ-IfpÅ henb Hmô-knÂ X§fpsS Npa-Xe `wKn-bmbn nÀh-
ln¡mpw ]ucv icn-bmb tkhw ÂImpw Hmtcm imJbv¡pw Hcp ]_vfnIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-ksd nb-an-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cn¡pw DNn-Xw. (hIp¸v 5(1) (4) (5) ).
53. 4þmw hIp¸p {]Imcw Hcp s]mXp A[n-Imcn kzta-[bm ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-t¯− hnh-c-
§Ä Internet Â {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯n-bmÂ aXn-bm-Iptam ?
]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp¶ coXn-I-fnÂ H¶p am{X-amWv CâÀs-äv. ]ucv Gähpw kpK-a-
ambn hnhcw e`y-am-Ip¶ coXn-bnÂ thWw ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-t¯-−Xv F¶v nbaw Ap-
im-kn-¡p-¶p. am{X-aÃ CXv FÃm s]mXp A[n-Im-cnbpw nÀh-ln-t¡− Npa-X-e-
bmWv. Ct¸mÄ FÃm s]mXp A[n-Im-cn¡pw CâÀsäv kuIcyw CÃtÃm. (hIp¸v
4(2)(3)(4))
54. 120 Znh-k-¯n-p-ÅnÂ hnh-c-§Ä {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ F´mWv in£ ?
nb-a-¯nÂ C¡m-cy-¯nÂ in£ {]tXyIw ]d-ªn-«n-Ã. memw hIp¸v H¶mw D]
hIp¸v {]Imcw hnh-c-§Ä {]kn-²o-I-cn¨v e`n-t¡-−Xv ]ucsâ Ah-Im-i-am-b-Xn-
mÂ ]ucv C³^Àta-j³ I½oj³ ap¼msI ]cm-Xn-s¸-Smw. hIp¸v 18(1) (f), 19
(8) (a) (iii) (iv) ]mÀe-saâv ]mkm-¡nb nbaw S-¸m¡m¯-Xn-mÂ dn«v lÀPn
aptJ sslt¡m-S-Xn-tbtbm kp{]o tImS-Xn-tbtbm kao-]n¨v S-¸m-¡m³ tImS-Xn-
bnÂ n¶v D¯-chv Bhiy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX Un¸mÀ«p-saâÂ S-]-Sn-
IÄ¡mbn _Ô-s¸« Un¸mÀ«p-saâÂ tae-[n-Im-cn-Isfbpw kao-]n-¡mw.
55. DtZym-K-Ø-cpsS i¼-fw, Ae-h³kv apX-em-bh {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯n-bmÂ kmaqly
hncp² iàn-IÄ DbÀ¶ i¼fw ssI¸-äp-¶-h-cnÂ n¶pw ]Ww ]nSp-§Â {]h-

12
WX krjvSn-¡p-IbntÃ ? CXv DtZym-K-Øsc A]-I-S-¯n-tebv¡v XÅn-bn-Sp-I-btÃ
sN¿p-¶-Xv ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-a-p-k-cn¨v s]mXp A[n-Imcn Xsâ Øm]--¯nse DtZym-K-
ØÀ¡pw Poh--¡mÀ¡pw jvS-]-cn-lmcw DÄs¸sS e`n-¡p¶ {]Xn-amk i¼fw
kw_-Ôn¨v hnhcw kzta-[bm {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯-W-sa-¶mWv BbXn-mÂ Ch-cpsS
i¼fw Ae-h³kv apX-em-bh {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯n-bmÂ kmaqly hncp² iàn-IÄ
DbÀ¶ i¼fw ssI¸-äp-¶-h-cnÂ n¶pw ]Ww ]nSp-§m-sa¶v [mcW icn-b-Ã.
kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bnepw kaq-l-¯nepw s]mXp-ta-Jem DtZym-K-Ø-sc-¡mÄ IqSp-XÂ
i¼fw ]äp¶ DtZym-KØÀ¡pw [-tijn DÅ-hÀ¡vt]mepw òjWn D−m-Im-dn-Ã.
Cu Imc--W-§Ä ]dªv Ch {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯mXn-cn-¡p-¶Xv bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-
imepw icn-b-Ã.
56. hnhcw e`n-¡m³ At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶-Xnv {]tXyI ^mdw nÀ_-Ô-amtWm
?
tI{µ kwØm kÀ¡m-cp-IÄ¡v At]£ ^mdw nÝ-bn-¨p-sIm−v N«§Ä ]pd-
s¸-Sp-hn-¡m³ A[n-Imcw ÂIp-Ibpw AhÀ A{]-Imcw N«-§Ä ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-
Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-−v. tIcf kÀ¡mÀ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ N«-§-fnÂ nÝnX ^md-¯n-e-Ãm-
sXbpw At]-£n-¡m-sa¶v hyà-am-¡n-bn-«p−v am{X-aÃ hm¡mÂ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-
hÀ¡v -t]mepw AXv tcJm-aqew X¿m-dm-¡m³ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ
klmbw ÂI-W-sa¶v hyh-Ø-bp-Å-Xn-mÂ hm¡m-epÅ At]-£-t]mepw kzoI-
cn-t¡-−-Xm-Wv. (CXnsâ Ah-kmw sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ At]£m ^md-¯nsâ
amXrI ImWpI ) (hIp¸v 3 8g(3) )
57. Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ hnhcw hfsc _rl-¯m-bn-cn-¡pI ?. Hcp At]-£-bnÂ F{X-
am{Xw Imcy§Ä DÄs¡mÅn¡mw ?. Ccp-]-tXm ap¸tXm hyXyØ hnh-c-§Ä¡v
Hä At]£ ÂIpI XpS-§nb kml-N-cy§-fnÂ hyXyØ At]-£-IÄ
ÂImpw AsÃ-¦nÂ Hmtcm hn`mKw hnj-b¯npw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ôkv AS-
bv¡mpw nÀ-_Ôn-¡mtam ?
A{]-Im-c-apÅ nb-{´-W-§Ä H¶pw nb-a-¯n-en-Ã. F¶mÂ IqSp-XÂ hnh-c-§Ä
tiJ-cn-t¡-−-Xp-s−¦nÂ At]-£-Iv Hcp CS-¡me adp-]Sn ÂIn-s¡m−v
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v Xsâ D¯a hnizmkw kvYm]n-s¨-Sp¡mw
D¯a hnizm-k-t¯msS DÅ S-]-Sn-IÄ¡v kwc-£Ww D−v. (hIp¸v 6(3))
58. ]e sk£-p-Ifnse {]hÀ¯w kw_-Ôn¨v hnh-c-§-f-dn-bm³ Hcp At]£
Hcp ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v ÂIp-¶p. At±-l-¯nv ka-b-]-cn-[n-¡p-
ÅnÂ FÃm sk£-p-IfnÂ n¶pw hnhcw tiJ-cn¨ ÂIm³ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. AYhm
At±-l-¯nsâ apgp-h³ ka-bhpw AXn-p-th−n Nne-hm-t¡-−n-hcpw A§n-s-
bpÅ kµÀ`-§-fnÂ F´p sN¿-Ww. ?
hnhn[ sk£-p-IÄ¡v {]tXyIw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ Ds−-¦nÂ
Ahn-tS¡v At]-£bpsS ]IÀ¸p-IÄ ÂIn At]-£-Is hnhcw Adn-bn-bv¡mw.
hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xn-pÅ ]c-am-h[n kabw 35 Znh-k-ambn ZoÀLn-¸n-¡mw. A-Ãm-¯-
]£w hnhn[ sk£-p-IfnÂ n¶v hnh-c-§Ä tiJ-cn¨v nÝnX ka-b-]-cn-[n-
¡pÅnÂ hnhcw ÂIm³ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ _m²y-Ø-m-Wv.
sk£-p-IfnÂ n¶v hnhcw Xma-kn-¨mÂ sk£p-IfpsS Npa-X-e-¡mÀ Xma-kn-¨-
Xnv in£W S-]-Sn-IÄ¡v hnt[-b-cm-tI-−n-h-cpw. AXm-bXv ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-
j³ HmôkÀ¡v Bhiy-sa¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w hnh-c-§Ä kzcq-]o-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn
aäv Poh--¡msc Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶Xpw C¯-c-¯nÂ Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ B
DtZym-K-Øs ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dmbn IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xp-am-sW¶v
hI-p¸v 5(5) Â ]d-bp-¶p.

13
59. hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw e`y-am-¡p¶ hnh-c-§-fnÂ Ir{Xnaw ImWn¨v Zpcp-]-
tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-pÅ km[y-X-bp-−v. AsX-§ns Hgn-hm¡mw ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw e`y-am-Ip¶ hnh-c§-fnÂ Ir{Xnaw ImWn¨v Zpcp-]-tbm-
K-s¸-Sp-¯m-Xn-cn-¡m³ km£y-s¸-Sp-¯nb ]IÀ¸p-IÄ ÂIm³ kwhn-[m--ap-−vv.
IqSmsX Ce-Ivt{SmWnIv kwhn-[m--¯nÂ Ir{Xnaw ImWn-¡msX kwc-£-W-¯n-
pÅ kwhn-[m--§Ä D−v. pdf, tif format of floppy or CD certify XpS-§n-b-h.
ChnsS HmÀt¡− Hcp Imcyw At]-£-I³ kzbw tiJ-cn-¡p¶ hnh-c-§-fpsS
hnizm-ky-Xbv¡v s]mXp A[n-Im-cn¡v D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-an-Ãm-sb-¶-Xm-Wv.
60 tcJ-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n-¡m³ At]-£-I-fpsS Hcp {]fbw Ds−-¶n-cn-¡s« PIO
AsX§ns ssIImcyw sN¿pw ? Xsâ HutZym-KnI IrXy-§Ä F§ns nÀh-
ln¡pw? am{X-aÃ Xnc-¡n-nsS a-]qÀÆ-amtbm, {i²-¡p-d-hp-sImt−m {]am-W-
§Ä¡v tISp hcp-¯p-hm³ km²y-X-bntÃ ?
s]mXp P-¯nv km[m-cW Bh-iy-ambn hcp¶ tcJ-IÄ FÃmw Xs¶ kzbw ]c-
ky-s¸-Sp-t¯-−-h-bnÂ DÄs¸-Sp¯n ]ckyw sNbvXv Xnc¡v Hgn-hm-¡mw. tcJ-IÄ
]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xnv taÂtm«w hln-¡m³ aäv DtZym-K-Øsc Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯p-hm-
pÅ A[n-Imcw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡p−v. tcJ-IÄ¡v tISp kw`-
hn-¡p¶ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ _Ô-s¸« tcJ-bpsS kpc-£-tbtbm kwc-£-W-s¯tbm
{]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡m¯ Xc-¯nÂ tcJ ]cn-tim-[n-¡m³ GÀ¸mSv sN¿mpw
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v A[n-Im-c-ap-−v. (hIp¸v 5(4) (5) 7 (a)).
61. Htc hnhcw Xs¶ ]ecpw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw Ah
sImSp-¡p-¶Xv Hcp hrYm A²zm--atÃ ?
AtIw t]À Bh-iy-s¸-Sm³ km[y-X-bpÅ hnh-c-§Ä kzta-[bm ]c-ky-¸-Sp-¯p-
¶Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw. Cn Hcp hnhcw ]c-ky-s¸-Sp¯nbn«pw ]uc³ B hnhcw
Bh-iy-s¸-Sp--I-bm-sW-¦nÂ B hnhcw ]ucv ÂIm³ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³
Hmô-kÀ _m²y-Ø-m-Wv.
62. Hcp s]mXp A[n-Imcn kzta-[bm {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«pÅ hnh-c-§-fnÂ H¶v Hcp
]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ ho−pw sImSp-t¡-−-Xpt−m ?
kzta-[bm ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ hnhcw kuP-y-ambpw kpkm-[y-ambpw e`n-¡p-t¼mÄ
AtX hnhcw At]£ hgn Bh-iy-s¸-Sm³ km[yX Ipd-hmWv At]-£-Is Cu
hnhcw Adn-bn-¨n«pw nÀ_Ôw ]nSn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ Bh-iy-s¸« coXn-bn-Â Xs¶
hnhcw sImSp-t¡−Xp-−v. (hIp¸v 7 (a))
63. hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw ]mkm-b-Xp-sIm−v hnhcw e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xnv am{Xw th−n
Hcp ]äw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ HmôkÀamsc nb-an-t¡−Xpt−m ?
hnhcw e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-p-th−n ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-ksd {]tXyIw nb-
an-¡m³ BIvSnÂ hyhØ sNbvXn-«n-Ã. s]mXp A[n-I-m-cn-bpsS ne-hn-epÅ Hcp
DtZym-K-Ø-ttbm Hcp ]äw DtZym-K-Ø-sctbm Cu Npa-Xe GÂ¸n-¡m-mWv nb-
a-¯nÂ hyhØ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. (hIp¸v 5(1))
64. Nne kwØm--§Ä km£-c-X-bnepw, Nne kwØ-m--§Ä {]_p-²-X-bn-epw
ap³]-ń-bn-ep-−v. A¯cw kwØm--§fnse ]uc-·mÀ Bh-iy-¯npw Am-h-
iy¯npw Cu nbaw D]-tbm-Kn¨v s]mXp Øm-]--§-fnse {]hÀ¯w kvXw`n-¸n-
¡m³ km[y-X-bntÃ ?

14
km£-c-X-bnepw {]_p-²-X-bnepw ap³]-ń-bnÂ F¶v A`n-am-n-¡p¶ tIc-f-¯nÂ `
nbaw {]m_-ey-¯nÂ h¶v c−v hÀjw Ign-ªn«pw hfsc Ipd¨v At]-£-IÄ
am{Xta s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-IfpsS ap¼msI F¯n-bn-«p-Åq-sh-¶Xv Xs¶ Bh-iy-
¯npw Am-h-iy-¯npw ]uc-·mÀ Cu nbaw D]-tbm-Kn¨v s]mXp Øm]--§-
fnse {]hÀ¯w kvXw`n-¸n-¡m³ km²y-X-bn-tÃ-sb¶ hmZ-¯nv nc-¡m-¯-Xm-Wv.
65. kl-]-»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS klm-bn-bm-
bn-«mtWm {]hÀ¯n-t¡−Xv ?
kl ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS klmbn AÃ.
hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-«p-sIm-−pÅ At]£ hm§p-Ibpw AXv 5 Znh-k-¯n-Iw _Ô-
s¸« ]_vfnIv C³^-Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v F¯n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw AXv t]mse
A¸oÂ hm§p-Ibpw AXv A¸-teäv AtXmdnänt¡m C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jtm
kaÀ¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶v nb-a-]-c-amb Npa-X-e-bmWv kl ]_vfnIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ nÀh-ln-t¡-−-Xv. F¶mÂ Hcp ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³
Hmô-kÀ¡v atä-sXmcp DtZym-K-Ø-sâbpw klmbw tXS-m³ A[n-Im-c-ap−v. A§n-
s-bpÅ DtZym-K-ØÀ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ Bbn Xs¶ ]cn-K-Wn-¡-
s¸-Spw. (hIp¸v 5(2) (4) (5) ).
66. kl ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS Npa-X-e-IÄ Fs´m-s¡-bm-Wv. ?
hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-«p-sIm-−pÅ At]-£bpw A¸o-en-pÅ At]-£bpw ]uc-·m-
cnÂ n¶pw kzoI-cn¨v cko-Xp-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw 5 Znh-k-¯n-p-ÅnÂ Ah _Ô-s¸«
A[n-Im-cn¡v F¯n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I. (hIp¸v 5(2))
67. kl ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS t]cnÂ in£m S-]-Sn-IÄ ne-
nÂ¡ptam ?
kl ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS t]c-nÂ in£m S-]-Sn-IÄ¡v tcn-«pÅ
hyh-Ø-IÄ CÃ. F¶mÂ Xn¡v e`n-¡p¶ At]-£-Ifpw A¸o-e-t]-£-Ifpw
A©p Znh-k-¯n-Iw _Ô-s¸« A[n-Im-cn¡v F¯n-¨p-sIm-Sp-t¡-−-Xp-−v. A§n-
s-bpÅ At]£ XoÀ¸m-¡m³ Ap-h-Zn-¨n-«pÅ ]c-am-h[n kabw Cu A©p
Znhkw IqSn IW-¡n-se-Sp-¯p-sIm-−mWv. AXm-bXv 35 Znh-kw ]ucs kw-_Ôn-
¨n-S-t¯mfw adp-]Sn Xma-kn-¨mÂ A¸oÂ t]m-Im³ A[n-Im-c-ap-−v. Xmakw BcpsS
ssIbn-se-¶Xv ]ucv {]iv-a-Ã. X·qew Xma-k-¯nv D¯-c-hmZn kl ]_vfnIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ BsW-¦nÂ kmam-y-XXzw Ap-k-cn¨v kl ]_vfnIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ in£bv¡v hnt[-b-am-tI−n hcpw.
68. Hcp ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ hnhcw kl ]_vfnIv C³^Àa-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS
ssIh-i-ap-s−-¦nÂ At±-l-¯nv AXv ÂIm-hp-¶-X-tÃ ?
]uc³ Bhiy-s¸-Sp¶ hnhcw kl ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS ssIh-i-
ap-s−-¦nÂ At±-l-¯nv AXv ÂIp¶-Xnv XS-Ê-an-Ã. F¶mÂ hnhcw ÂIm³
A[n-Im-c-s¸« hyàn ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-À Bb-Xn-mÂ At±lw
ÂIp¶ hnh-c-¯n-mWv B[n-Im-cn-I-X-bp-Å-Xv.
69. ]e ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-Àamcpw HutZym-KnI bm{X-bn-em-sW-¦nÂ
At]£ kzoI-cn-¡m³ Hmô-knÂ D−m-bn-cn-¡-bn-Ã. CXv At]£ nc-kn-¡p-¶-
Xnv Xpey-atÃ ?
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-À HutZym-KnI bm{X-bn-em-sW-¶p-ÅXv At]£
kzoI-cn-¡mXncn-¡p-¶-Xntm adp-]Sn Xma-kn-¸n¡p-¶-Xntm ymbo-I-c-W-a-Ã.
At]£ kzoI-cn-¡m³ kl ]_vfnIv C³^-Àtaj³ Hmô-kÀ D−mbn-cn-¡-Ww.

15
Bh-iy-sa-¦nÂ H¶n-e-[nIw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ kl ]»nIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ F¶n-hsc nb-an-¡p-¶Xv DNn-X-amWv ( hIp¸v 5(2))
70. hnhc e`y-X-bv¡mbn P-§Ä Gähpw A[nIw kao-]n-¡p¶ s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-
I-fmWv hntÃPv Hmô-kpw, {Kma ]©mb¯pw apn-kn-¸m-en-änbpw Cu s]mXp A[n-
Im-cn-IÄ Hmtcm-¶n-ep-ambn 2500 e[nIw ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hm-ô-kÀamsc nb-
an-¡pI F¶p-Å-Xm-Wv {]mtbm-Kn-I-amtWm ?
{]mtbm-Kn-I-am-Wv. F¶mÂ ]pXnb XkvXnI Bh-iy-an-ÃmsX ne-hn-epÅ DtZym-K-
Øsc Cu Npa-Xe GÂ¸n-¨mÂ aXn.
71. km[ kma-{Kn-I-fpsS km¼nÄ ÂIp-¶-Xn-pÅ ]-Sn-{Iaw F´mWv ?
km¼nÄ FSp-¡m³ ]ucv hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw A[n-Imcw ÂIp-¶p-−v. F¶mÂ
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nÂ km[ kma{Kn-I-fpsS km¼nÄ ÂIp-¶Xv kw_-Ôn¨v
{]tXyI S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä ]d-ªn-«n-Ã.- F-Sp-¡p¶ km¼nÄ ]ucsâ Adn-hnv am{X-am-
sW-¦nÂ Imcy-§Ä efn-X-am-Wv. F¶mÂ e`n-¡p¶ km¼nÄ Ipä-§tfm Ipd-hp-
Itfm DÅ-Xm-sW¦nÂ AXn-t·Â aäp nb-a§Ä Ap-k-cn¨v S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡mw.
DZm-l-c-W-¯nv tdj³ IS-bnÂ hnXcWw sN¿p-¶-Xnv {]Jym-]n-¡-s¸« Acn-bÃ
hnX-cWw sN¿p-¶-sX¶v Ccn-¡-s«. km¼nÄ ]cn-ti-m[n-¡pt¼mÄ ]ucv hnh-cw
aÊn-em-Ipw. F¶mÂ tam-i-s¸« Acn hnX-cWw sN¿p-¶-Xnsâ t]cnÂ ]uc³
]cm-Xn-bp-ambn t]mbmÂ Hcp ]t£ tdj³ IS-¡m-c³ icn-bmb Acn-bmWv hnX-
cWw sN¿p-¶-sX¶pw ]ucsâ ssIh-i-apÅ km¼nÄ kw_-Ôn¨v Xn¡v D¯-c-
hm-Zn-Xz-an-sÃ¶pw hmZn-t¨-¡mw. CXnv ]cn-lm-c-ambn `£-W-¯nÂ ambw tNÀ¡Â
ntcm-[ nb-a-{]-Im-c-apÅ ap³I-cp-X-ep-Ifpw S-]-Sn-Ifpw th−n hcpw. km¼nÄ
FSp-¡p-¶Xv c−p km£n-I-fpsS km¶n-²y-¯n-em-bn-cn¡pw aq¶v km¼n-fp-IÄ
FSp¯v Hmtcm¶pw `wKn-bmbn s]mXn-ªvsI«n koÂ h¨v H¶v IS-¡m-cv sImSp-¡p-
Ibpw H¶v ]cm-Xn-¡m-c³ A{]-Im-cw koÂ sNbvXv ]cm-Xn-tbm-sSm¸w kaÀ¸n-¡p-
Ibpw H¶v ]cm-Xn-¡m-c³ ssIhiw kq£n¨v Atz-jW ka-b¯v lmP-cm-¡p-
Ibpw sN¿mw. C{]-Im-cw km¼nÂ FSp¯ hnh-c-¯nv al-kÀ t]mepÅ dnt¸mÀ«v
X¿m-dm¡n km£n-I-sf-s¡m−v H¸n-Sp-hn-¡p-Ibpw Hcp km¼nÄ IS¡mc³
ssIhiw h¨-Xnv IS-¡m-csâ H¸p hm§p-Ibpw H¸n-Sp-hm³ hnk-½-Xn-¨mÂ B
hnhcw IqSn al-kdnÂ FgpXn tNÀ¡mw. tISp-h-cp¶ hkvXp-¡fpsS km¼nÄ
tiJ-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ah tISp-h-cmsX kq£n-¡p-¶-Xnv tNÀt¡− Preservative
nÝnX Ap-]m-X-¯nÂ tNÀ¯v ambw tNÀ¡Â ntcm-[ nbaw Apimkn-
¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ ]m{X-¯nÂ `{Z-ambn kq£n-t¡-−n-h-cpw. s]mXp Øm]--§Ä
hnX-cWw sN¿p¶ hkvXp-¡Ä¡pw nÀ½n-¡p¶ hkvXp-¡Ä¡pw nÝn-X-n-e-hmcw
D−m-bncn-¡-Ww. km¼nÄ tiJ-cn-¡p-¶Xv nÝnX KpW-n-e-hmcw Dt−m F¶v Xn«-
s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xnpw KpW-n-e-hmcw CsÃ-¦nÂ Ać S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnpw
X·qew km¼nÄ tiJ-cWw nb-am-[n-jvSn-X-am-bn-cp-¶mÂ am{Xta AXp-sIm−v Dt±-
in¨ êw e`n-¡p-I-bpÅq. tI{µ kÀ¡m-cntm kwØm kÀ¡m-cntm N«§Ä
hgn Ah hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a¯nsâ IognÂ hcp-¯mw.
72. acm-a¯v ]Wn-I-fpsS nÀ½nX hkvXp-¡-fpsS km¼nÄ tiJ-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ
nÀ½nX hkvXp-¡Ä¡v tISp-]m-Sp-IÄ kw`hn¡m³ km[y-X-bp−v A§n-s-bpÅ
kml-N-cy-§fnÂ At]£ nc-kn-¡m-hp-¶-XmtWm ?
hnhcw tiJ-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-aqew BkvXn-IÄ¡v tISp-h-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ At]£ AwKo-I-
cn-t¡-−-XnÃ F¶mÂ nÀ½nXn S-¡p¶ ka-b¯v km¼nÄ tiJ-cn¨p ÂIm³
ap³Iq«n At]£ ÂIp-Ibpw nÀ½mW kma-{Kn-I-fpsS km¼nÄ nÀ½m-W-¯nv
ap³]v ti-J-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. (hIp¸v 7(a))

16
73. Zmcn-{Zy-tcJbv¡v Xmsg-bp-Å-hÀ¡v ôkn-fhv nbaw Ap-h-Zn-¨n-«p-−v. F¶mÂ
hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xnv th−n hcp¶ Nnehv ôkmbn CuSm-¡mtam ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nsâ 6þmw hIp¸v H¶mw D]-h-Ip-¸n-Â At]-£ôkv kw_-
Ôn¨ hyh-Ø-Ifpw 7þmw hIp¸v 1þmw D]-h-Ip-¸nÂ nÀ®n-¡-s¸« ôkv kw_-Ôn¨
hyh-Ø-Ifpw (Prescribed fees) 7(3) ³ {]Imcw hnhcw e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ IqSp-
XÂ ôkv kw_-Ôn¨ hyh-Ø-Ifpw 7þmw hIp¸v 5þmw D]-h-Ip-¸nÂ A¨-Snt¨m Ce-
Ivt{Sm-Wn¡v coXn-bntem ÂIp-¶-Xn-pÅ hyh-Ø-Ifpw DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
7þmw hIp¸v 5þmw D]-h-Ip-¸nsâ Iogn-epÅ hni-Zo-I-c-W-¯nÂ Zmcn-{Zy-tcJbv¡v
Xmsg-bp-Å-hÀ¡v ôkn-fhv {]Jym-]n-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. 6(1) {]Im-chpw 7(1), (5) {]Im-c-hp-
apÅ ôkp-I-fm-Wv. 7(3) {]Im-c-apÅ ôkv Hgn-hm-¡nbn-«nÃ. AXm-bXv 7(3) D]-h-
Ip¸v {]Imcw hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xn-pÅ Nne-hn-te-¡mbn Npa-¯p¶ ôkv FÃm-
hÀ¡pw _m[-I-am-Wv. Cu D]-h-Ip¸v 7(1) D]-h-Ip-¸ns Dt±-in-¨mtWm AtXm N«-
§Ä {]Imcw nÀ®-bn-¡-s¸-Sm-¯Xpw Hmtcm Imcy-¯npw hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xn-p-
th−n hcp¶ IqSp-XÂ Nne-hns Dt±in-¨mtWm F¶ Imcy-¯nÂ A`n-{]m-b-hy-
Xym-k-ap-−v. c−m-aXv ]cm-aÀin¨ hn`mKw ôknv Hgnhv CÃ F¶ A`n-{]m-b-¯n-
mWv IqSp-XÂ iàn. DZmþ dnkÀÆv _m¦nsâ kzÀ® tiJ-c-¯nsâ km¼nÄ
(hIp¸v (1) 7(1) 7(3) 7(5) ).
74. Zmcn{Zy tcJbv¡v Xmsg-bpÅ At]-£-IÀ ôkn-f-hn-mbn sXfnhv lmP-cm-¡-
Ww. F¶mÂ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS ssIhiw _n ]n FÂ enÌv
e`y-am-¡n-bmÂ At]-£-Iv IqSp-XÂ kuI-cy-atÃ ?
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS ssI¿nÂ _n ]n FÂ e`y-am-¡p-I-sb-¶Xv
{]mtbm-Kn-I-a-Ã. GI-tZiw 75 e£t¯mfw t]À DÄs¡m-Åp¶ _n ]n FÂ
enkvänÂ n¶v At]-£-Is I-s−-¯pI Ffp-¸-aÃ am{X-aÃ ‘_n ]n FÂ enÌv’
F¶Ã, ‘Zmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv¡v Xmsg-bp-Å-hÀ’ F¶mWv nb-a-¯nse ]cm-aÀiw. Zmcn-{Zy-
tc-Jbv¡v Xmsg F¶p-ÅXn-pÅ sXfn-hp-I-fnÂ H¶p am{X-amWv _n. ]n. FÂ.
enÌv. AXp-am-{X-aÃ C³Uybnse GsXmcp ]ucpw C³Uybn-epÅ GXp s]mXp
A[n-Imcn ap¼m-sIbpw At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡m³ Ah-Im-i-ap−v AXpsIm−v At]-
£-I³ Xs¶ _-Ô-s¸«v sXfnhv lmPcm-¡p-¶-XmWv DNn-Xw.
75. Htc-]-£-I³ At]£ ôk-S-¨-Xn-pÅ sXfnthm, ôkn-fhv {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-
¯m³ _n. ]n. FÂ. kÀ«n-^n-¡täm lmP-cm-¡n-bn-«n-Ã. Hcp ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³
Hmô-kÀ¡v Cu At]£ nc-kn-¡mtam? kl ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dm-
sW-¦nÂ A]qÀ®mb Cu At]£ PIO kaÀ¸n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡mtam ?
At]£ ]qÀ®-am-I-W-sa-¦nÂ At]£ ôkv AS-bv¡p-Itbm AsÃ-¦nÂ Zmcn-{Zy-
tc-Jbv¡v Xmsg-bp-Å-bm-fm-sW¶v sXfn-bn-¡p-Itbm thWw. A]qÀ®-amb At]£
kaÀ¸n-¨-bm-tfmSv AXv sXfn-bn-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Smw. AXv sXfn-bn-¡-s¸-Sp¶
apdbv¡v At]£ ]cn-K-Wn-¨mÂ aXn. F¶mÂ F{Xbpw thKw AXn-pÅ S-]Sn
kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. At]£ nckn-¡pItbm A]qÀ®-am-sW-¦nÂt]mepw bmsXmcp S-
]-Snbpw kzoI-cn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡tbm sNbvXmÂ in£WS-]-Sn¡v km²y-X-bp-−v
76. At]£m ôkv, hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xn-pÅ ôkv, F¶nh GXp coXn-bn-emWv
PIO CuSm-¡p-¶-Xv. ?
N«-§-fnÂ hyhØ sNbvXn-«p-−v. (7þmw tNmZy-¯nsâ D¯cw ImWp-I)
77. Bh-iy-s¸« hnhcw nÝnX ka-b-]-cn-[n-bv¡p-ÅnÂ ÂIm-¯-]£w hnhcw
kuP-y-ambn ÂIWw F¶v nbaw Ap-im-kn-¡p¶p A§-s-bpÅ kml-N-cy-
¯nÂ AS-¨-ôkv F{]-Imcw aS-¡n-sIm-Sp¡mw ?

17
Bhiy-s¸« hnhcw ka-b-]-cn[n Ign-ªmWv ÂIp-¶-sX-¦nÂ AXv kuP-y-ambn
ÂI-W-sa¶v nbaw Ap-im-kn-¡p-¶p-−v. F¶mÂ A§-s-bpÅ kml-
Ncy¯nÂ AS¨ ôkv F{]-Imcw aS-¡n-sIm-Sp-¡m-sa¶v IrXy-amb hyh-Ø-IÄ
nb-a-¯n-en-Ã. ]W-amb AS¨ XpI aS-¡n-sIm-Sp-¡m³ dhyq do^-−n-pÅ hyh-
Ø-IÄ km¼-¯nI tImUp-I-fnÂ D−v.
78. hnhcw e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xnv th−n hcp¶ IqSp-XÂ ôk-S-¡m³ Hcp At]-£-I³
X¿m-dm-Im-¯-Xn-mÂ nÝnX ka-b-]-cn-[n-¡Iw hnhcw ÂIm³ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. Xma-
k-¯nv PIO bpsS t]cnÂ in£W S-]Sn D−m-Iptam ?
hnhcw e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xnv th−n hcp¶ IqSpXÂ ôk-S-¡m³ At]-£-I-tmSv
Bh-iy-s¸« Xob-Xnbv¡pw At]-£-I³ B ôk-S-bv¡p¶ Xob-Xnbv¡pw CS-
bv¡pÅ kabw, nÝnX ka-b-]-cn[n IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xnv ]cn-KWn-t¡-−-XnÃ
F¶mWv hyh-Ø. X·qew Xma-k-¯nv ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS
t]cnÂ S-]-Sn¡v km-[y-X-bn-Ã. (hIp¸v 7(3) (2)).
79. At]-£-I³ ôk-S-bv¡m³ X¿m-dm-Im-¯-Xn-mÂ PIO At]£ nc-kn-¡p-¶p.
F´m-bn-cn¡pw XpSÀ¶pÅ S-]-Sn-IÄ ?
At]-£-Iv hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xn-m-h-iy-amb ôk-b-Sv¡m³ Ap-h-Zn¨ ka-b-]-
cn[n Ign-ªmÂ Cu Imc-W-¯mÂ At]£ nc-kn-¨-Xmb hnh-chpw A¸oÂ
ÂIm-hp-¶-Xm-sW¶ hnh-chpw A¸oÂ ÂIp-¶-Xn-pÅ hni-Zmw-i-§fpw At]-
£-Is Adn-bn¨ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v At]£ XoÀ¸m¡mw
(hIp¸v 7(1) (3) (8))
80. Hcp hyàn-bpsS Poh-stbm kzmX-{ý-s¯tbm _m[n-¡p¶ hnhcw kw-
_Ôn¨ At]-£-bn-t·Â ôkv AS-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw ka-b-]-cn-[nbpw
F§ns ]men-¡-s¸Smw ?
Hcp hyàn-bpsS Poh-stbm kzmX-{ý-s¯tbm _m[n-¡p¶ hnhcw kw_-Ôn¨
At]-£-bn-t·Â ôkv AS-bv¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw ka-b-]-cn-[nbpw kw_-
Ôn¨v nb-a-¯nÂ hyhØ sNbvXn-«n-Ã. ]qÀ®-amb At]-£bpw nÀ®bn¨
ôkvS-bv¡epw ]_vfnIv C³^Àtaj³ Hmô-ksd kw_-Ôn-¨nSt¯mfw At]-£-
bn-t·Â S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡m³ Bh-iy-amb Imcy§-fmWv. C§n-s-bpÅ At]£
At]-£-I³ tcn«v ÂIm-mWv km²yX. At¸mÄ ôknsâ {]ivw ]cn-l-cn-¡m-
hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
81. At]-£-I³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ hnh-c-§Ä At]-£-Isâ Poh-ttbm kzmX-{ý-
s¯tbm _m[n-¡p-¶-Xm-sW¶v PIO F§n-s Adn-bpw. AsÃ-¦nÂ Hc-t]-£-I³ 48
aWn-¡q-dn-Iw hnhcw ÂIm¯ ]£w Bß-lXy sN¿p-sa¶v òj-Wn-s¸-Sp-¯p-
¶p. A§n-s-bpÅ At]-£-Iv 48 aWn-¡q-dn-Iw hnhcw ÂI-W-sa¶v nÀ-_Ô-
apt−m ?
Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ hnhcw Hcp hyàn-bpsS ‘Poh-ttbm kzmX-{ý-s¯tbm, _m[n-¡p-
¶-Xm-sW-¦nÂ 48 aWn-¡q-dn-Iw ÂIWw F¶mWv nb-a-hy-h-Ø. X·qew hnhcw
Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-bm-sf-¡mÄ C¡m-cy-¯nÂ D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw hnhcw ÂtI-−-bmÄ¡p-
−v. ChnsS ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS hnth-N-m-[n-Im-c-¯npw D¯a
hnizm-k¯n-p-amWv IqSp--XÂ {]k-àn. nbaw ]utcm-·p-J-am-I-bmÂ hnth-N-m-[n-
Imcw hnn-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mÄ AXv ]ucv Ap-Iq-e-am-bn-«m-bn-cn-¡-W-sa-¶-Imcyw
HmÀt¡-−-XmWv.

18
82. DtZym-K-ØÀ X§-sfbpw X§-fpsS IpSpw-_-s¯bpw kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-c-§Ä
ÂtI-−--Xpt−m ? s]mXp-P--§Ä¡v A{]-Im-c-apÅ hnh-c-§Ä Bh-iy-s¸-Smtam
?Ah sImSp-¡-W-sa¶v nÀ_-Ô-apt−m ?
Hcp s]mXp A[n-Imcn s]mXp A[n-Imcn F¶ ne-bnÂ Xsâ ssIh-i-ap-ÅXpw
nb-{´W-¯n-ep-apÅ hnh-c-§Ä ÂIm-mWv _m[y-Ø-³, hyàn F¶ ne-bn-eÃ
XnI¨pw hyàn-]-c-amb Imcy-§-fmWv Xs¶bpw IpSpw_--s¯bpw kw_-Ôn-¨p-Åh.
Ah s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS ssIh-i-apÅ hnh-c§Ä AÃ. X·qew Ah ÂtI-−-
XnÃ. F¶mÂ s]mXp Xmev]-cy-¯nv IqSp-XÂ {]m_eyw Ds−¦nÂ hnhcw
ÂtI−n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. (hIp¸v 8(1) (2)).
83. 20 hÀjw Ign-ªmÂ clky kz`m-h-apÅ hnh-c§fpw ÂI-W-sa¶v 8(2)
hIp¸v Ap-im-kn-¡p-¶p. clky kz`m-h-an-Ãm¯ hnh-c§Ä 20 hÀjw Ign-ªmÂ
ÂtI-−-Xpt−m ? Ah ÂIm³ Ign-bm¯ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ PIO in£n-¡-s¸-
Sptam ?
s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS ssIh-i-apÅ GsXmcp hnh-chpw ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ
ÂI-Ww. tcJ-IÄ kq£n-¡p-¶XnpÅ Imem-h[n nÝbn-¨p-sIm−v am-h-ep-
Ifpw tImUp-Ifpw ne-hn-epÅ-Xp-sIm−v B Imem-h[n hsc tcJ-IÄ kq£n-¡p-
Ibpw ]ucv e`y-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-Ww. F¶mÂ Ime-l-c-W-s¸«p F¶ Imc-W-
¯mÂ ssIh-i-apÅ hnhcw ÂIm-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xnv ymbo-I-c-W-anÃ Ime-l-c-W-s¸-
«h in-¸n-¨-Xn-mÂ sImSp-¡m³ Ig-n-bm-¯Xnsâ t]cnÂ -S-]-Sn-bnÃ F¶p am{Xw.
84. sI«n-S§-fp-sSbpw, ]mew apX-emb {][m--s¸« nÀ½mW {]hr-¯n-I-fp-sSbpw
¹mpw Unsskpw Bh-iy-s¸SpIbpw Ah ÂIp-I-bpw sN¿p-¶Xp-aqew e`n-¡p-
¶-bmÄ Ah kz´w km¼-¯n-I-em-`-¯n-mbn {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-¯p-sa¶v PIO bv¡v
Bi¦ D−m-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pt¼mÄ A§n-s-bpÅ hnhcw ÂtI-−-Xpt−m
?
hnhcw ÂIp-¶Xv BkvXn-bpsS kpc£ hym]m-c-c-lkyw _u²n-Im-h-Imiw
aq¶mw I£n-bpsS aÕ-cm-hØ F¶n-h-bv¡pw s]mXp Xmev]cy¯npw lmn
X«m¯ hn[-¯nÂ kwc-£-W-ap−v. Ch-bpsS IognÂ hcm¯ hnh-c-§Ä e`n-¡m³
]ucv Ah-Im-i-ap-ÅXv ntj-[n-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.
85. hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-jsâ Xocp-am--§Ä nÀ_-Ô-]qÀÆw Ap-k-cn-t¡-−Xpw
nb-a-{]m-_-ey-ap-ÅXpw dqfnwKv F¶ ne-bnÂ D²-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xp-amtWm ?
kwØm hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-jsâ Xocp-am--§Ä nÀ_-Ô-]qÀÆw Ap-k-cn-t¡-
−Xpw nb-a-{]m-_-ey-ap-ÅXpw dqfnwKv F¶ ne-bnÂ D²-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xp-am-Wv.
(hIp¸v 19(7) 18(3) 19(8) 21,22,23 )
86. hm¡m-epÅ D]-tZ-i-§-fpsS hnhcw ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ ÂtI-−Xpt−m ?
s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS ssIh-i-apÅ hnh-c-§fmWv hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw
]ucv e`y-am-Im-hp-¶h F¶mÂ hm¡m-epÅ nÀt±iw ]n¶oSv tc-J-bmbn cq]m-´-
c-s¸-Sm¯ kml-Ncy¯nÂ ÂI-W-sa¶v nÀ_-Ô-an-Ã.
87. Iym_n-äv NÀ¨ kw_-Ôn¨ tcJ-IÄ ÂtI-−-Xpt−m ?
Iym_n-äv NÀ¨-IÄ kw_-Ôn¨ tcJ-IÄ ÂI-tX-−-Xn-Ã. F¶mÂ a{´n-k`m
Xocp-am--§Ä AXnpÅ Imc-W-§Ä Xocp-am--§Ä ssIs¡m-Å-m³ B[m-c-am-
¡nb hkvXp-X-IÄ F¶nh Im_n-äv Xocp-am--¯nv tijw shfn-s¸-Spt¯−-Xm-
Wv.

19
88. A{]-Imcw sNbvXXv F´p-sIm-−mWv, BcmWv D¯-c-hmZn XpS-§nb tNmZy-
§Ä¡v hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw D¯cw ÂtI-−-Xpt−m ?
F´p-sIm-−mWv Hcp Imcyw A{]-Imcw sNbvXXv ? BcmWv D¯-chmZn XpS§nb
Imcy§Ä tcJ-IÄ {]Imcw hyà-am-Ip-¶p-s−-¦nÂ At]-£-Iv AXv ÂtI-−-
XmWv.
89. tImS-Xn-bpsS ]cn-K-W--bn-en-cn-¡p¶ Imcy-§sf kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-c-§Ä
ÂImtam ?
Hc-t]-£-I³ Bhiy-s¸« hnhcw tImS-Xn-bpsS ]cn-K-W--bn-en-cn-¡p¶ Imcy-am-sW-
¦nÂ Ah ÂIp-¶Xv tImÀ«-e-£y-am-Ip-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ ÂtI-−-XmWv.
90. shbn-änwKv enkvän-epÅ KpWt`m-àm-¡fpsS hnhcw ÂtI-−-Xpt−m ?
shbn-änwKv enkvän-epÅ KpW-t`m-àm-¡-fpsS hnhcw ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-I-bm-sW-
¦nÂ XoÀ¨-bmbpw ÂtI−-XmWv
91. At]-£-Isâ t]cv, H¸v, At]£ ôkv AS-¨-Xnv sXfnhv F¶n-h-bn-Ãm¯
At]£ ]cn-K-Wn-t¡-−-Xpt−m ?
At]-£-Isâ t]cv, H¸v, At]£ ôkv, AS-¨-Xnv sX-fnhv F¶n-h-bn-Ãm¯
At]£ ]cn-K-Wn-t¡-−-XnÃ F¶mÂ At]-£-bn-t·Â Cu hnh-c-§Ä tase-gp-
¯mbn tcJ-s¸-Sp¯n ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ XoÀ¸p Iev]n-¡-Ww.
92. A¸oÂ ]cn-KWn-¡p-t¼mÄ h¡o-ens GÀs¸-Sp-¯mtam ?
A¸oÂ ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ h¡o-ens GÀs¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-cm-h-Im-i-
¯-n-b-a-¯nÂ kv]jvS-amb hyh-Ø-I-fn-Ã. F¶mÂ tIcf kÀ¡mÀ hnÚm-]w
sNbvX A¸o-Â S-]-Sn-IÄ kw_-Ôn¨ N«-§fnÂ Hcp A¸oÂ At]-£-Iv A¸o-
ep-ambn _Ô-s¸« Imcy§Ä¡v GsXm-cm-fp-sSbpw klmbw tXSp-sa¶pw A¸oÂ
hnNm-cW ka-b¯v lmP-cm-Im³ asämcp hyànsb bYm-hn[n Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯m-
sa¶pw hyh-kvY sNbvXn-«p−v (hIp¸v 7(2) (4)).
93. At]-£-I³ hnhcw tiJ-cn-¡m³ F¯n-tN-cp-¶n-Ã. At]-£-Isâ taÂhnem-k-
¯nÂ Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-t¡-−-Xpt−m ?
At]-£-I³ hnhcw tiJ-cn-¡m³ F¯n-t¨-cm¯ kµÀ`-¯nÂ At±-l-¯nsâ
taÂhn-em-k-¯nÂ Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xv kw_-Ôn¨v nb-a-¯nÂ hyà-ambn hyh-
Ø-IfnÃ. F¶mÂ Bhiy-s¸« hnhcw ka-b-]-cn-[n-¡p-ÅnÂ ÂI-Wsa¶vv nbaw
njv-IÀjn-¡p-¶p. At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ hnh-cw tcn«v ssI¸-äptam, X]mÂ
hgn Ab-bv¡-Wtam F¶ hn-hcw Atz-jn-¡p-Ibpw X]mÂ hgn Ab-t¡-−-Xp-
s−-¦nÂ taÂhn-emkw FgpXn aXn-bmb Ìm¼p ]Xn¨ IhÀ At]-£-tbm-sSm¸w
hm§m-hp¶-Xp-amWv. hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xn-pÅ ôkv CuSm-¡p-t¼mgpw AXv sN¿m-
hp-¶-XmWv ImcWw, At]-£tbm ]IÀ¸v ÂItem kuP-y-an-Ã.
94. Hcp At]£ {]Imcw tNmZn-¡m-hp¶ hnh-c-§-fpsS F®-¯nv ]cn-an-Xn-bp-t−m
?
Hcp At]£ {]Imcw tNmZn-¡m-hp¶ hnh-c-§-fpsS F®-¯nv ]cn-an-Xn-bn-Ã.
95. hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw tiJ-cn¨ hnhcw ]uc³ ]{X-¯nÂ {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-
¯p-¶p. ]ucsâ t]cnÂ Fs´-¦nepw S-]Sn FSp-¡ptam ?

20
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw tiJ-cn¨ hnhcw ]uc³ ]{X-am-²y-a-§fnÂ {]kn-²-s¸-
Sp-¯n-b-Xnsâ t]cnÂ At±-l-¯n-s-Xnsc bmsXmcp S-]-Snbpw FSp-¡m³ Ign-bn-Ã.
96. Hcp hnhcw hnh-cm-h-Im-i-n-ba {]-Imcw tiJ-cn-¨-Xm-sW¶v hyà-am-¡m³ hÃ
kwhn-[m--hp-apt−m ?
CÃ. F¶mÂ hnhcw ÂIp-¶Xv kw_-Ôn¨ aäv ]e nb-a-§Ä DÅ-Xn-mÂ Cu
nb-a-{]-Imcw ÂIp¶ tcJ-IfnÂ ‘2005 se hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw ÂIp-
¶Xv’ F¶ tasegp¯v tNÀ¡p-¶Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn¡pw Bh-iy-amb N«§Ä nÀ½n-
¡p-bm-sW-¦nÂ IqSp-XÂ B[n-I-m-cn-I-X- D−m-Ipw.
DZm þ Issued under Birth and Death Act
97. GsXÃmw Xe-§-fn-emWv ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ, kl ]_vfnIv
C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ, A¸-teäv A[n-Imcn F¶n-hsc nb-an-t¡-−Xv ?
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ, kl ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ F¶n-
hsc Hmtcm `cW LS-I-¯nepw Hmô-knepw nb-an-¡Ww. A¸-teäv AtXm-dnän
]_vfnIv C³^-Àta-j³ Hmô-k-dpsS apIfn-epÅ DtZym-K-Ø-m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
98. C³^Àta-j³ I½o-j³ Xocp-am--§-fn-t·Â ]cm-Xn-bp-Å-]£w ]cmXn ]cn-lm-c-
¯n-pÅ S-]-Sn-{Iaw F´mWv ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nba {]Im-c-apÅ bmsXmcp S-]-Sn-Ifn-t·epw bmsXmcp
tImSXnbpw Hcp kyqt«m At]-£-tbm- aäv S-]SnItfm kzoI-cn-¡-cp-sX¶v nbaw
Ap-im-kn-¡p-¶p. am{X-aÃ Cu BIvSv {]Im-c-apÅ Hcp A¸oÂ aptJ--b-Ãm-sX
Ah tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-Sm³ ]mSp-ÅXpw AÃ. (hIp¸v 23)
C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jv ]cm-Xn-IÄ ssIImcyw sN¿m³ 18þmw hIp¸p {]Im-chpw
Un¸mÀ«p-saâÂ A¸-teäv AtXm-dn-«n-bpsS Xocp-am--§fnÂ A¸oÂ ssIImcyw
sN¿m³ 19(3) {]Im-c-hpw A[n-Imcw D−v. C³^Àta-j³ I½o-jsâ A¸oÂ Xocp-
amw ]cm-Xn-¡m-c-sbpw s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-tbbpw Adn-bn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ IqsS A¸o-
env Ah-Im-i-ap-s−-¶pÅ hnh-chpw Adn-bn-¡-W-sa¶v hyhØ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p-
18þmw hIp-¸n³ Iognepw 19þmw hIp¸v 8þmw D]-h-Ip-¸n³ Iogn-epw I½o-j³ ]cm-Xn-
Ifpw A¸oÂ S-]-Sn-Ifpw XoÀ¸m-¡p-¶-Xnv Ap-hÀ-¯n-¡m-hp¶ S-]-Sn-IÄ hni-
Zo-I-cn-¨n-«p−.v F¶mÂ 12þmw D]-h-Ip-¸nÂ I½o-j³ nÀ®-bn-¡-s¸« coXn-bn-epÅ
S]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä Ap-k-cn-¡p-¶p. Ch-bpsS ASn-Øm--¯nÂ I½o-jp Xs¶
X§fpsS Xocp-am--¯n-p-taÂ A¸oÂ ssIImcyw sN¿m³ Ign-bptam F¶p-ÅXv
XÀ¡-hn-j-b-ambn Ah-ti-jn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. {]tXy-In¨pw tImS-Xn-I-fpsS A[n-Imc ]cn-
[n-bnÂ n¶v Cu nb-a-{]-Im-c-apÅ S-]-Sn-Isf hne-¡n-bn-«pÅ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ
kmamy oXn Dd¸p hcp-¯m³ C{]-Imcw Hcp A¸oÂ Bh-iy-atÃ F¶
tNmZyhpw ne-nÂ¡p-¶p.
99. Cu nb-a-¯nsâ S-¯n¸v Ah-tem-Iw sN¿m³ kwhn-[m--apt−m ?
hnh-cm-h-Im-i-¯nsâ S-¯n¸v Ah-tem-Iw sN¿m³ kwhn-[m--§fp-−v.
FÃm hÀjm-h-km--¯nepw hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j³ B hÀjs¯ Cu
BIvSnsâ S-¯n¸v kw_-Ôn¨v Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm¡n _Ô-s¸« kÀ¡m-
cnv kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.
hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j-p-I-fpsS dnt¸mÀ«p-IÄ AXXp kÀ¡m-cp-IÄ _Ô-
s¸« nb-a-nÀ½mW k` ap¼mtI hbvt¡-−-XmWv

21
FÃm a{´m-e-b-§fpw hIp-¸p-Ifpw Ah-c-h-cpsS `cW koa-bn-epÅ s]mXp
A[n-Im-cn-Isf kw_Ôn-¡p¶ A{]-Im-c-apÅ dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm¡n AXXp
hIp-¸nsâ tcJ-bmbn kq£n-¡p-Ibpw _Ô-s¸« hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-jv
Hcp tIm¸n kaÀ¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿Ww
dnt¸mÀ«nÂ D−m-bn-cn-t¡− hn-h-c-§Ä
Hmtcm s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-tbmSpw D¶-bn¨ Bh-iy-§-fpsS F®w
At]-£-Iv {]am-W-§-fn-tebv¡v e`yX km²y-am-Im-Xn-cp¶ Xocp-am--§-
fpsS F®w Ah hnhn[ hyh-Ø-I-fpsS ASn-Øm--¯nÂ ]«nI-s¸-Sp-¯-
Ww.
hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-jv Ab¨ A¸o-ep-IfpsS F®w ; A¸o-ep-I-fpsS
kz`mhw; ]cn-k-am]vXn hnhn[ ImcW§Ä¡-p-k-cn¨v ]«n-I-s¸-Sp-¯Ww
DtZym-K-Ø-cpsS t]cn-Â S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¨Xnsâ hnh-c§Ä
hnhn[ ôkn--¯nÂ Hmtcm s]mXp A[n-Im-cnbpw ]ncn¨ XpI-IÄ
nb-a-¯nsâ Xmev]-cyhpw e£yhpw nd-th-äm³ Hmtcm -s]mXp A[n-Im-
cnbpw ssIs¡m−v ]cn-{i-a-§Ä
nb-a-¯nÂ ]cn-jvImcw S-¸m-¡p-¶Xv kw_-Ôn¨ Ap-`-h-¯nsâ ASn-
Øm--¯n-epÅ ip]mÀiIÄ
100. Imem-h[n Ignª dnt¡mÀUp-I-fn-epÅ hnh-c-§Ä ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ
ÂtI-−-Xpt−m ?
Hcp hIp-¸nÂ Hcp dnt¡mÀUv kq£n-¡m³ nÝ-bn-¨n-«pÅ ]c-am-h[n Imem-h-[n-¡p-
tijw Ah in-¸n¨p Ign-ªmÂ A§-s-bpÅ dnt¡mÀUp-I-fnse hnh-c§Ä
e`y-a-Ãm-¯Xn--mÂ ]ucv sImSp-¡m³ _Ô-s¸« s]mXp A[n-Im-cn¡v km[y-X-bnÃ
(hIp¸v 2(j))
101. ]ucv Bh-iy-apÅ hnhcw GsX¶v hyà-ambn At]-£-bnÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-t¯-
−-Xpt−m ?
At]-£-I³ s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS ]¡Â n¶v F´v hnh-c-amWv Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-
¶Xv F¶v IrXyhpw hyà-hp-am-bn-cn-¡Ww CXp kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv ]uc³ Hcp
hnhcw tNmZn-¡p-t¼mÄ A§s tNmZn-¡p¶ hnh-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨v AXv ÂtI−
]_vfn-Iv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v kwi-bw D−m-Im¯ co-Xn-bnÂ thW-sa-
¶mWv. DZm-l-c-W-¯nv Hcp Hmô-knse ^b-ep-IÄ ]cn-ti-m[n-¡-W-sa¶v ]d-bp-
t¼mÄ GsXms¡ ^bÂ ? (AY-hm) F´p hnhcw DÄs¡m-Åp¶ ^bÂ XpS-§n-
b-h.
102. Hcp Hmô-knÂ ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸« tcJ Cw¥ojnÂ DÅ-XmWv AXv a-e-bm-f-
¯nÂ thW-sa¶v At]-£-I³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ A§s ÂItWm ?
]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸« tcJ At±lw Bhiy-s¸« `mj-bnÂ s]mXp A[n-Imcn ÂI-
W-sa-¶mWv ASp-¯nsS tI{µ hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j³ Hcp tIknÂ hn[n-¨-Xv. DZm-
l-c-W-¯nv Cw¥o-jn-epÅ Hcp hnhcw lnµn-bnÂ ]cn-hÀ¯w sNbvXp At]-£-
Is Adn-bn-¡m-mWv Bh-iy-s¸-«Xv
103. Hcp Øm]--¯nsâ Ub-d-IvSÀ AYhm sk{I-«dn F¶ ne-bnÂ B Øm-
t]cp D]-tbm-Kn¨v Fn¡v Hcp Hmô-knÂ n¶v hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-Smtam ?

22
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nse sk£³ 3 {]Imcw hnh-c-¯nv At]-£n-¡p¶ hyàn-
IÄ km[m-cW C³Uy³ ]uc-·mÀ F¶ ne-bnÂ thWw At]-£n-¡m³.
AÃmsX GsX¦nepw Hcp kvYm]--¯nsâ Ub-d-IvSÀ AYhm sk{I-«dn F¶ ne-
bnÂ AÃ. A§s Hcp Øm]--¯nsâ {]Xn-n-[n-bm-bn-«mWv hnhcw tNmZn-¡p-¶-
sX-¦nÂ B hyàn¡v Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw hnhcw e`n-¡m³ Ah-Im-i-anÃ F¶mWv
tI{µ hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j³ Hcp tIknÂ hn[n-¨-Xv.
104. Hcp I¼-n-¡v / -Øm-]--¯nv s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bnÂ n¶v hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-
Smtam ?
hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ At]-£-I³ Hcp hyàn AÃm-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw AXv Hcp
I¼n / Øm]w Bbn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ kµÀ`-¯nÂ Cu nb-a-a-p-k-cn¨v
B I¼-n¡v/ Øm]--¯nv {]kvXpX hnhcw e`n-¡m³ Ah-Im-i-anÃ
105. Hcp hyàn s]mXp A[n-Im-cn¡v Hcp At]£ kaÀ¸n-¡p-Ibpw B At]-£-
bnÂ At±-l-¯nsâ A`n-{]m-b§fpw nÀt±-i-§fpw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXmÂ
AXv ÂtI−Xpt−m ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nsâ sk£³ 4(1) (d) bnÂ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ {]Imcw Hcp
]uc³ Bh-iy-¸-Sp¶ hnhcw ÂIm-mWv s]mXp A[n-Im-cn¡v _m²y-X. AÃmsX
s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS A`n-{]m-b§fpw nÀt±-i§fpa-Ã. AXn-mÂ Hcp Imcy-¯n-
epÅ s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-§fpw nÀt±-i§fpw hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-a-
p-k-cn¨v Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ At±lw ÂtI-−Xn-Ã.
106. s]mXp A[n-Imcn kzta-[bm {]kn-²o-I-cn-t¡− hnh-c§Ä Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-
t¼mÄ AXnv ôkv ÂI-Wtam ?
hnhcm-h-Im-i-¯nsâ sk£³ 4(1) (d) {]Imcw Hcp s]mXp A[n-Imcn nbaw
{]m_-ey¯nÂ h¶Xp apXÂ 120 Znh-k-¯n-Iw kzta-[bm {]kn-²o-I-cn-t¡−
(Ap-_Ôw 1 ImWp-I) Hcp hnh-c-amWv ]uc³ Bh-iy--s¸-Sp-¶-sX-¦nÂ A§-s-
]m-SpÅ hnhcw ]ucv ÂIp-t¼mÄ AXnv ôkv CuSm-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.
107. ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v e`n¨ At]-£-bnÂ Ahy-àX Ds−-¦nÂ
F´v sN¿mw ? AXp-t]mse At]-£-Iv hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xnv aäv DtZym-KØ-cpsS
tkhw tXSm³ ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v Ign-bptam ?
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v e`n¨ At]-£-bnÂ Ahy-àX Ds−¶v
tXm¶p-¶-]£w At±-l-¯nv At]-£-I-tm-sSm-¸-an-cp¶v AXnv IqSp-XÂ hyà-X-
bp-−m¡n FSp-¡mw. AXp-t]mse ]ucv hnhcw ÂI-p-¶-Xn-te¡v ]_vfnIv
C³^À-ta-j³ Hmô-kÀ¡v Xsâ Øm]--¯nse aäv GsXmcp DtZym-K-Øsâbpw
klmbw tXSm-hp-¶-XmWv.
108. hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸«p sNÃp¶ hyàn-tbmSv ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ
tami-ambn s]cp-amdn-bmÂ F´p sN¿mw ?
hnhcw tNmZn-¨p-sN-Ãp¶ Hcp hyàn-tbmSv s]mXp A[n-Im-cntbm At±-l-¯nsâ
Øm-]--¯ntem DÅ-hÀ A]-a-cym-Z-bmbn s]mcp-am-dp-¶Xv nb-a-¯nsâ sk£³
5(3)tmSv Im«p¶ ewL--am-Wv. CXv bmsXmcp Imc-W-himepw AwKo-I-cn-¡m-hp-¶-
XÃ. IqSmsX A§-s-bpÅ s]mXp A[n-Imcn nb-a-¯nÂ ]d-bp¶ {]Imcw _Ô-
s¸« At]-£-Iv jvS-]-cn-lmcw ÂIW-sa¶v tI{µ hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j³
hn[n-¡p-I-bp-−m-bn.

23
109. Zmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv¡v Xmsg-bp-Å-hÀ aäp-Å-hÀ¡v ôkn-f-hnÂ hnhcw tiJ-cn-¨p-
sImSp-¡p¶ CS-n-e-¡m-c-m-Im-pÅ km²yXbntÃ ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nse sk£³ 7(5) {]-Imcw Zmcn-{Zy-tc-J¡v Xmsg-bp-Å-h-sc
10 cq] At]£m ôkv ÂIp¶XnÂ n¶pw hnh-c§Ä ÂIp-t¼mÄ ÂtI-
−mb ôknÂ n¶v Hgn-hm-¡n-bn-«p−v. F¶mÂ Zmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv¡v Xmsg-bp-Å-hÀ
Bhiy-s¸-Sp¶ hnhcw ÂIp¶ GsXmcp s]mXp A[nIm-cnbpw Hcp Imcyw Dd-¸m-
¡-W-sa¶v ASp-¯nsS S-¯nb Hcp tIknsâ hn[n ym¯nÂ tI{µ hnh-cm-h-Imi
I½oj³ hn[n-¡p-I-bp−mbn. AXm-bXv Zmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv¡v Xmsg-bp-Å-hÀ hnhcw
tNmZn¡p-t¼mÄ AXv AhÀ¡v th−n-bm-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶pw AÃmsX aäpÅhÀ¡p-
th−n ]I-c-¡m-c-mbn hnhcw e`n-¡p¶Xn-pÅ ôkv Hgn-hm¡n In«m³ CS-n-e-
¡m-cm-bÃ ChÀ {]hÀ¡p-¶-sX¶pw Dd¸p hcp-¯-Ww.
110. t]meo-knsâ Atz-j-W-¯n-en-cn-¡p¶ Hcp tIknsâ hnh-c-§Ä ]uc³ Bh-
iy-s¸-«mÂ ÂIWtam ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nsâ sk£³ 8(1) (g) 8(1) (h) {]Imcw t]meo-knsâ Atz-
j-W-¯n-en-cn-¡p¶ (AXm-bXv ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡m-¯) Hcp tIknsâ hnh-c§Ä
]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ ÂtI-−-Xn-Ã. ImcWw A¯cw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-IÄ
Atz-j-W-¯nsâ {]hÀ¯-s¯ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡m³ km[y-X-bp−v.
111. hnPn-e³kv C³Iz-bdn dnt¸mÀ«nsâ Is−-¯-ep-IÄ ]uc³ Bhiy-s¸-«mÂ
ÂImtam ?
hnPn-e³kv dnt¸mÀ«nsâ tIm¬^n-U³jyÂ `mK-¯p-Åh HgnsI aäv hnh-c-§Ä
hnPn-e³kv dnt¸mÀ«n-sâ D]-kw-lmcw F¶ coXn-bnÂ ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ
ÂtI-−XmWv. CXv hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nsâ 8(1) (h) {]Imcw Hgn-hm-¡n-bn-«n-Ã.
112. ]qÀ¯n-bm-ImsX s]³Unw-Kn-en-cn-¡p¶ hIp-¸vXe Atz-j-W-¯nsâ hnh-c-
§Ä Bhiy-s¸-«mÂ At]-£-Iv ÂImtam ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nsâ 8(1) (h) {]Imcw ]qÀ¯n-bm-Im¯ hIp¸vXe Atz-j-
W-¯nsâ hnh-c-§Ä At]-£-Iv ÂtI-−-Xn-Ã.
113. Hcp aq¶mw I£n-bpsS tIm¬^n-U³jyÂ hnhcw ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ
ÂI-Wtam ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nbaw sk£³ 8(1) (j) {]Imcw Hcp aq¶mw I£nsb (ChnsS
aq¶mw I£n F¶-Xp-sIm-−p-t±-in-¡p-¶Xv At]-£-Ipw s]mXp A[n-Im-cnbpw
IgnªpÅ aq¶m-as¯ hyàntbm kvYm]-tam BWv) kw_-Ôn¨ tIm¬^n-
U³jyÂ hnhcw s]mXp A[n-Imcn asämcp ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ ÂtI-−-Xn-Ã.
DZm-l-c-W-¯nv Hcp ]ucv At±-l-hp-ambn sXmgnÂ]-ctam _nÊn--Êv-]-ctam Bbn
bmsXmcp _Ô-hp-an-Ãm¯ asämcp hyàn-bpsS _m¦v A¡u−v kw_-Ôn¨
hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw _m¦v AXv ÂtI−Xn-Ã.
114. hIp¸Xe Atz-j-W-¯nsâ dnt¸mÀ«v hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw Hcp ]uc³
Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ ÂI-Wtam ?
hIp¸v Xe Atz-jW¯nsâ dnt¸mÀ«v ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ ÂtI-−-Xm-Wv.
F¶mÂ Nne n_-Ô--IÄ ChnsS ]men-t¡-−-Xp-−v. DZm-l-c-W-¯nv CXp-ambn
_-Ô-s¸« km£n-I-tfbpw dnt¸mÀ«nÂ ]cm-aÀin-¨n-«pÅ aäv hyàn-I-tfbpw kwc-
£n-¡p-¶-Xnv Ah-cpsS t]cv At]-£-Iv ÂI-cpXv.

24
115. C³Uy³ {]kn-Uâpw kp{]ow tImSXn No^v Pkvän-kp-ambn S-¯nb NÀ¨-I-
fpsS hnhcw hnhcm-h-Imi nb-a-a-p-k-cn¨v Hcp ]uc³ Bhiy-s¸-«mÂ ÂI-
Wtam ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nsâ sk£³ 8(1) (c) 11(1) F¶nh {]Im-chpw C³Uy³ `c-
W-L-S--bpsS BÀ«n-¡nÄ 124(2) {]Im-chpw C³Uy³ {]kn-Uâpw kp{]ow tImSXn
No^v Pkvän-kp-ambn S-¯nb NÀ¨-I-fpsS hnhcw ]uc³ Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ shfn-s¸-
Sp-¯p-hm³ ]mSn-Ã.
116. ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ hnhcw ntj-[n-¡p¶ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ
ImcWw ImWn-¡-Wtam ?
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-kÀ hnhcw ntj-[n-¡p¶ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ F´p-
sIm-−mWv At]-£-Isâ hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-«p-sIm-−pÅ At]£ nc-kn-¨-sX¶v
hyà-amb ImcWw At]-£-Iv Adn-bn-t¡-−-XmWv
117. Hcp aq¶mw I£n¡v At±-ls¯ kw_-Ôn¨ hnhcw ]»nIv C³^Àta-j³
Hmô-ktdm s]mXp A[n-Im-cntbm shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-cp-sX¶v Bhiy-s¸-Sm³ A[n-Im-c-
apt−m ?
Hcp aq¶mw I£n¡v At±-ls¯ kw_Ôn¨ hnhcw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-cp-sX¶v
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-tdmtSm s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-tbmtSm Bhiy-s¸-Sm³
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-{]-Imcw A[n-Im-c-an-Ã. F¶mÂ A§-sbpÅ Ah-k-c-¯nÂ
aq¶mw I£n-bpsS Imcyw nb-a-¯nsâ sk£³ 8(1) (j) 11(1) F¶nh {]Imcw
hne-bn-cp-¯p-Ibpw At]-£-I³ Bh-iy-s¸« hnhcw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv XSªn-«n-
sÃ¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Ibpw thWw. shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv XSªn«pÅ-Xm-sW-¦nÂ
A§-s-bpÅ hnhcw ÂIp-¶Xv aq¶mw I£n¡v kw`-hn-¡m-hp¶ tZmj§-sf-
¡mfpw IqSp-XÂ {]m[myw s]mXp Xmev-]cy-¯n-m-sW-¦nÂ A¯cw hnh-c-§Ä
ÂImhp¶XmWv. F¶mÂ Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡p¶Xn-pap¼v CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸«
FÃm hkvXpXI-sf-¡p-dn¨pw kml-N-cy-§sf-¡p-dn¨pw s]mXp A[n-Imcn ¶mbn
]Tn-¡p-Ibpw a-Ên-em-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
118. A¸oÂ ka-b¯v At]-£-Iv ]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-tdmSv Bhiy-
s¸-«-Xnp ]pdta asä-s´-¦nepw hnh-c§Ä IqSp-X-embn Bh-iy-s¸-Sptam ?
]_vfnIv C³^Àta-j³ Hmô-k-tdmSv Bh-iy-s¸-«-Xnp ]pdta aäv IqSp-XÂ hnh-c-
§Ä At]-£-Iv A¸oÂ ka-b¯v Bh-iy-s¸-Sm³ ]mSn-Ã. am{X-aÃ A¸oÂ
Ft¸mgpw efn-X-amb `mjbnÂ X¿m-dm-¡n-b-Xm-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶pw Ah lrkz-am-bn-cn-
¡-W-sa¶pw kmt¦-XnI ]Z§fpw hnh-c-Whpw Ign-hXpw Hgn-hm-¡-W-sa¶pw ASp-
¯nsS tI{µ hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j³ S-¯nb Hcp hn[n-bnÂ Nq−n-¡m-Wn-¡p-I-bp-
−m-bn.
119. hnhcw ÂIp-¶Xv Xma-kn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv icn-bmb Imc-W-§-fm-sW-¦nÂ ymbo-I-cn-
¡m³ km[n-¡p-tam ?
Nne AXym-hiy Hmôkv Npa-X-e-IÄ nd-th-äp-¶-XnÂ s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS
Hmô-knse DtZym-K-ØÀ GÀs¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-m-emWv (DZm-l-cWw hIp¸p Xe
_UvPäv X¿m-dm-¡Â) At]-£-I³ Bhiy-s¸« hnhcw ÂIp-¶-Xnv s]mXp
A[nImcn Xmakw hcp-¯n-sb-¦nÂ A§-s-bpÅ A]-cm[w £an-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-
sW¶v tI{µ hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j³ Hcp hn[n ymb¯nÂ A`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-I-bp-
−mbn
120. H¶mw A¸oÂ A[n-Im-cn-s¡-Xnsc S-]-Sn¡v km[y-X-bpt−m ?

25
hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nsâ ]oÂ s{]mhn-j³knsâ IognÂ C¶v A¸oÂ A[n-
Imcn hcp-¶n-Ã. Cu Imcy-¯nÂ s]mXp Xmev]cyw DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-¶-XnÂ ]cm-P-b-
s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wp-−m-b-Xv. F¶mÂ C§-s-sbmcp tI-knÂ hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-a-¯nsâ
20þmw sk£sâ taJe hnim-e-am-¡n-s¡m−v A¸o-e-[n-Im-cn-s¡-Xnsc S-]Sn-sb-Sp-
¡m³ tI{µ hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j³ nÀt±-in-¡p-I-bp−mbn.
121. Hcp ]uc³ At]-£-bnÂ Xsâ t]cp ÂIp-Ibpw _m¡n A{UÊv asämcp
Øm]--¯nsâ ÂIpIbpw sNbvXmÂ A§-sbpÅ At]--£ -kzo-Icn¡mtam ?
At]£n-¡p¶ hyàn-bpsS t]cps−-¦nÂ XoÀ¨-bmbpw AXv kzoIcn-t¡-−-Xm-Wv.
_m¡n A{UÊv Hcp Øm]--¯nsâXmWv F¶ Imc-W-¯mÂ Øm]-amWv Cu
hnhcw Bh-iy-s¸-«-sX¶v ]dªv nc-kn-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.
122. hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-j-nse Hcw-K-¯nsâ Xocp-am--¯nv km[p-X-bpt−m ?
hnh-cm-h-Imi I½o-jsâ ap¼msI hcp¶ tIkp-I-sfÃmw Xs¶ I½o-j-nse
FÃmw AwK§fpw DÄs¸-Sp¶ ^pÄ s_©v Xs¶ ssIImcyw sN¿-W-sa¶v nb-a-
¯nÂ ]d-bp-¶n-Ã. Bb-Xn-mÂ I½o-j-nse HcwKw DÄs¡mÅp¶ s_©nv A¸o-
ep-IÄ tIÄ¡p-Ibpw Ahbv¡v Xocp-am-§sfSp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿mw.
µn þ klmbn , t]cqÀ¡-S.-]n.H, Xncp-h-´-]pcw

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