Rome development
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The document summarizes the development of Rome as the capital city of Italy from the 19th century onwards. Key events include the construction of the first rail lines in the 1850s-1860s connecting Rome to other cities, which spurred new development. In the 1870s, Rome became the capital after being conquered and its medieval layout was transformed through new districts and infrastructure projects. During the fascist period of Mussolini, large urban planning projects reshaped the city center and new areas like EUR and the Foro Italico sports complex were constructed. After World War 2, Rome expanded further through new suburban districts connected by improved public transport.
Rome development
- 1. Rome development as Italy’s capital city LSGA
- 2. Before Italy’s unification • Pius IX first introduced the railways to Rome • The first stretch, Rome-Frascati, was inaugurated in 1856, followed by Rome-Civitavecchia in1867 • A central railway station was built in the Esquilino area • Termini Station, opened in 1867, and the creation of via Nazionale, started the city’s first modern development
- 3. The 1870s • Rome was conquered with the breach of Porta Pia in 1870 • The city still showed the medieval appearance Sisto V had given it • The new government wanted to transform the city into the future capital of the kingdom. • Space was needed to build new districts
- 4. Rome Capital of Italy • The first urban development took place in the Northeast of the city •A district at the foot of the Vatican was built: Prati, so named since the Middle Ages for its fertile fields • Prati was planned in such a way that there was no open view of St. Peter’s dome, to symbolize the tension between the kingdom of Italy and the Vatican • Other works were carried out • the embankment of the Tiber • the expansion of the sewer system and the water system • the construction of ministries headquarters
- 5. Post World War I •After World War I another important urban development was planned •The Southern areas should have been connected to Ostia by a never built navigable canal, to give the city a commercial port • Houses for harbour workers should also have been built • With the Fascist Régime urban plans changed •The construction style changed too • In the first years of 20th century they wanted to build cottages • In the fascist period they built bigger and taller blocks of flats
- 6. Fascist period •During Mussolini's dictatorship the city center was renovated •The reason was strictly symbolic • Mussolini wanted to isolate the ancient monuments and make them a “tower over the necessary solitude” •The same thing had already been done in Paris and in other European cities
- 7. Fascist period • Following this idea the most important work was the creation of Via della Conciliazione • This roads allowed people to see St Peter’s from a very big distance • It cancelled the studies upon perspective made by Bernini • The artist wanted people to see St Peter's square after walking across a tangle of small streets • The street was too large so two lines of obelisks, the “Lanternischi”, were positioned along the way
- 8. Fascist period • The other important change was in Piazza Venezia and around the Roman Forum • Crumbling houses were demolished to permit the view of ancient ruins • Via dell'Impero (now Via dei Fori Imperiali), connecting the Coliseum to Piazza Venezia was created
- 9. EUR • The construction of the E42 area began under the Fascist Régime • The district was built for the Universal Exposition of 1942 • Today this area is called EUR and it's famous for its modern architecture
- 10. •The Universal Exposition was called off due to the beginning of World War II • The area was finished after the end of World War II •The fascist project wanted to connect the new district to Termini Station by an underground line •In the 30s they began to build the first underground line in Rome
- 11. EUR • EUR expanded for the 1960 Olympics • At present EUR is the city’s financial center and one of the biggest in Italy • It houses many major bank headquarters and that of the Italian Post Office • It's also home to many public and private buildings and offices
- 12. Foro Italico • It’s a sports complex in the Northern area of the city built by Mussolini between 1927 and 1933 • To build the Forum many houses were demolished and the inhabitants were forced to move to the suburbs • During the fascist period it was known as Mussolini’s Forum • Sports were one of the most important features of fascist propaganda • The myth of young fit Italians was in the party's political guidelines
- 13. Foro Italico • Foro Italico houses the Olympic Stadium, the Marbles Stadium, Tennis Courts and an Olympic Swimming pool • The entrance is a long boulevard paved with a black and white mosaic and a marble obelisk known as Stele Mussolini. • It is decorated with statues representing different sports • Many important international sporting events have been and still are held in the Foro Italico • 1960 Olympics • 1990 FIFA World Cup • 2009 World Swimming Championship • Since 1949 it has hosted the International Tennis Tournament of Italy
- 14. Garbatella • Garbatella is one of the most popular neighbourhoods in Rome • It is close to the city centre in an area previously occupied by fields • Its construction started in the 1920s • It was planned on the basis of English Garden Cities • It was built to host workmen and evicted people • Houses have a repetitive structure and often a small plot • The area also features public gardens, a central square as well as schools, markets and churches
- 15. Garbatella • Garbatella is home to one of the best-known comedy theatres, Teatro Ambra • The district rose to nationwide fame in 2006 when it was chosen as the set of a famous Italian TV Series “The Cesaroni” • This led to a boost in the area real estate market
- 16. Present time • After World War II the city saw a great urban expansion with the building of many new districts • The targated areas were • Tuscolana, Casilina, the areas near the Aniene river, Monte Mario • Public transport also developed • In 1955 the underground B line was opened • In the 1980s the construction of the A underground line connected the new districts to the Vatican • In the 2000s the most important new projects are: new underground lines, the Fuksas Cloud and the Aquarium