Rp chapter 1
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Holistic education aims to educate the whole person - body, mind, heart and spirit. The document discusses how quality in higher education is important for cultural and economic growth. Total quality management became essential for higher education systems in the 1980s and was seen as a good philosophy for governance. Universities need to monitor internal and external performance to continuously improve efficiency and effectiveness. Holistic education includes spiritual approaches and differs from purely humanistic or progressive education models.
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Rp chapter 1
- 1. Chapter 1 Topic of Research Proposal: Does holistic education a myth in Malaysia’s tertiary education level? Introduction Quality in the higher education system is essential for cultural and economic growth, considering that the mission of universities recognizes the achievement of both institutional and social objectives, and research provides the basis for the systematic creation of knowledge and the development of human capital (Di Pietro, Guglielmetti Mugion, & Renzi, 2012§). Since 1980, total quality management (TQM) has become an essential of the higher education system and was considered an interesting philosophy for governance (Srikanthan & Dalrymple, 2002§). To increase the quality of input, processes, and output, university systems must monitor their internal and external performance and emphasize the need for continuous improvements to achieve efficiency and effectiveness. The principles of TQM have been adopted in university systems to address external factors. Hwarng and Teo (2001)§ note that higher education has so far been sustainable because education has traditionally been funded by the government and the competition for quality students and grants has been less intense. Holistic education has its root in humanistic and progressive education, but differs from those approaches in that it includes the spiritual approaches.