Ruby Egison
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The document introduces the Egison programming language, which enables non-linear pattern matching in Ruby, allowing for advanced data manipulation and analysis. It features customizable pattern-matching, backtracking, and the ability to process infinite data streams, beneficial for tasks such as poker hand analysis and natural language processing. The author, Satoshi Egi, encourages users to explore the Egison gem via GitHub and to utilize its powerful querying capabilities.
![3
Very Quick Introduction of Today’s Contents
I have created the programming language that
realized non-linear pattern-matching even
against data that have no standard form.
Non-linear patterns allow multiple occurrences of same variables
in a pattern
Enumerate the elements of
the collection ‘xs’ that appear
more than twice
(match-all xs (multiset integer)!
[<cons $x <cons ,x _>> x])!
Egison
pairs = []!
(1..n).each do |i|!
(i..n).each do |j|!
if xs[i] == xs[j]!
pairs = pairs +!
xs[i]!
end!
end!
end!
Ruby](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubykaigi-140918000506-phpapp02/85/Ruby-Egison-3-320.jpg)
![4
Very Quick Introduction of Today’s Contents
I have implemented the same feature in Ruby!
The source code on GitHub!
https://github.com/egison/egison-ruby
Enumerate the elements of
the collection ‘xs’ that appear
more than twice
match_all(xs) do!
with(Multiset.(_x,__x, *_)) { x }!
end!
Ruby with Egison gem
pairs = []!
(1..n).each do |i|!
(i..n).each do |j|!
if xs[i] == xs[j]!
pairs = pairs +!
xs[i]!
end!
end!
end!
Ruby](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubykaigi-140918000506-phpapp02/85/Ruby-Egison-4-320.jpg)
![[ANN]Articles on Egison will be on CodeIQ MAGAZINE
77](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubykaigi-140918000506-phpapp02/85/Ruby-Egison-77-320.jpg)
![78
[ANN] We will post Egison problems on CodeIQ](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubykaigi-140918000506-phpapp02/85/Ruby-Egison-78-320.jpg)
![80
Problem
What is the 40th pair of prime
numbers of the form (p, p+8)?
Please try and answer to
@Egison_Lang!
e.g. [3, 11] [5, 13] [11, 19]…](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubykaigi-140918000506-phpapp02/85/Ruby-Egison-80-320.jpg)
Ruby Egison
- 1. Egison Pattern Matching in Ruby - Express Intuition Directly with Essentially New Syntax - Vol.01 Sep/18/2014 Satoshi Egi Rakuten Institute of Technology http://rit.rakuten.co.jp/
- 2. 2 Self-Introduction Name Satoshi Egi (江木 聡志) Association Rakuten Institute of Technology (楽天技術研究所) Education Majored Computer Science in the University of Tokyo Interests Programming Languages, AI (Mathematics) Website http://www.egison.org/~egi/
- 3. 3 Very Quick Introduction of Today’s Contents I have created the programming language that realized non-linear pattern-matching even against data that have no standard form. Non-linear patterns allow multiple occurrences of same variables in a pattern Enumerate the elements of the collection ‘xs’ that appear more than twice (match-all xs (multiset integer)! [<cons $x <cons ,x _>> x])! Egison pairs = []! (1..n).each do |i|! (i..n).each do |j|! if xs[i] == xs[j]! pairs = pairs +! xs[i]! end! end! end! Ruby
- 4. 4 Very Quick Introduction of Today’s Contents I have implemented the same feature in Ruby! The source code on GitHub! https://github.com/egison/egison-ruby Enumerate the elements of the collection ‘xs’ that appear more than twice match_all(xs) do! with(Multiset.(_x,__x, *_)) { x }! end! Ruby with Egison gem pairs = []! (1..n).each do |i|! (i..n).each do |j|! if xs[i] == xs[j]! pairs = pairs +! xs[i]! end! end! end! Ruby
- 5. 5 Very Quick Introduction of Today’s Contents Poker hands analyzer with a single expression in Ruby! Our pattern-matching expression represents all hands in a single pattern
- 6. 6 Very Quick Introduction of Today’s Contents We can also pattern-match against infinite streams. … , x, x + 2, …
- 7. 7 Source and English Document are on GitHub https://github.com/egison/egison-ruby
- 8. 8 Please Check My Blog Article, too
- 9. 9 We wrote also Japanese Documents on Qiita 1,0004 views, 185 Hatena Bookmarks!
- 10. 10 Table of Contents 1. Introduction - What is Pattern Matching? 2. Egison Pattern Matching in Ruby 3. Let’s Try Egison Gem 4. Future Goal – Application of Egison
- 11. 11 Table of Contents 1. Introduction - What is Pattern Matching? 2. Egison Pattern Matching in Ruby 3. Let’s Try Egison Gem 4. Future Goal – Application of Egison
- 12. 12 What is Pattern Matching? A feature of programming languages that simplifies programs. • Data Decomposition • Pattern-matching enables us to extract and examine the value of an instance variable very easily • Conditional Branches • Pattern-matching eliminates nested and complex conditional branches
- 16. 16 Greeting Demonstration fail
- 17. 17 Greeting Demonstration success
- 19. 19 Flow of Pattern Matching fail
- 20. 20 Flow of Pattern Matching success
- 22. 22 Flow of Pattern Matching fail
- 23. 23 Flow of Pattern Matching fail
- 24. 24 Flow of Pattern Matching fail
- 25. 25 Flow of Pattern Matching fail
- 26. 26 Flow of Pattern Matching success
- 28. 28 Table of Contents 1. Introduction - What is Pattern Matching? 2. Egison Pattern Matching in Ruby 3. Let’s Try Egison Gem 4. Future Goal – Application of Egison
- 29. 29 The Features of Egison Pattern-Matching in Ruby We have features in addition to simplification of data decomposition and conditional branches • Customizable Way of Pattern-Matching • We can do pattern-matching against not only fixed data such as lists but also multisets and sets that have multiple ways of decomposition • Non-Linear Pattern-Matching • We allow multiple occurrences of same variables in patterns • Pattern-Matching with Backtracking • We allow multiple results of pattern-matching even infinite results
- 30. 30 Customizable Pattern Matching For Various Data We can define how to pattern-match for each data types
- 31. 31 Pattern Matching with Multiple Results We can handle multiple results of pattern-matching
- 32. 32 Element Patterns and Collection Patterns A literal that starts with ‘_’ is a pattern-variable. We can refer the result of pattern-matching through them.
- 33. 33 Element Patterns and Collection Patterns A subcollection pattern matches the subcollection of the target array. A subcollection pattern starts with ‘*’.
- 34. 34 Element Patterns and Collection Patterns A literal that starts with ‘_’ is a pattern-variable. We can refer the result of pattern-matching through them.
- 35. 35 Element Patterns and Collection Patterns A subcollection pattern matches the subcollection of the target array. A subcollection pattern starts with ‘*’.
- 36. 36 Combinations with Pattern Matching … , x, …, y, … … , x, …, y, …, z, …
- 37. 37 Non-Linear Pattern Matching A Pattern whose form is ‘__("...")’ is a value pattern
- 38. 38 Non-Linear Pattern Matching A Pattern whose form is ‘__("...")’ is a value pattern We can omit (“ and “) when enclosed with them is a single variable
- 39. 39 Poker Hands Analyzer in Ruby
- 40. 40 The Pattern for Straight Flash Pattern for straight flash
- 41. 41 The Pattern for Straight Flash Pattern for straight flash
- 42. 42 Poker Hands Analyzer in Ruby Same suit with $s
- 43. Numbers are serial from $n 43 Poker Hands Analyzer in Ruby Same suit with $s We can write any expression after ‘__’
- 44. 44 Poker Hands Analyzer in Ruby Pattern for two pairs
- 45. 45 The Pattern for Two Pairs Pattern for two pairs
- 46. 46 The Pattern for Two Pairs Pattern for two pairs Same number with $m Same number with $n
- 47. 47 The Pattern for Two Pairs Pattern for two pairs Same number with $m Same number with $n Non-linear patterns have very strong power
- 48. 48 Poker Hands Analyzer in Ruby Non-linear patterns enables to represent all hands in a single pattern
- 49. Pattern Matching against Streams with Infinite Results We can also pattern-match against infinite streams. 49 … , x, x + 2, …
- 50. 50 One More Interesting Demonstration We can also enumerate prime triplets using and-patterns and or-patterns effectively.
- 51. 51 Table of Contents 1. Introduction - What is Pattern Matching? 2. Egison Pattern Matching in Ruby 3. Let’s Try Egison Gem 4. Future Goal – Application of Egison
- 52. 52 Egison Gem is on GitHub https://github.com/egison/egison-ruby
- 53. 53 Try Egison Gem! Egison Gem is written in pure Ruby. Installation is very easy via RubyGems. $ git clone https://github.com/egison/egison-ruby.git $ cd egison-ruby/ $ bundle install $ make $ ls sample/ … sample/poker_hands.rb … $ ruby sample/poker_hands.rb … We have prepared a lot of samples. Please try all of them.
- 54. 54 Table of Contents 1. Introduction - What is Pattern Matching? 2. Egison Pattern Matching in Ruby 3. Let’s Try Egison Gem 4. Future Goal – Application of Egison
- 55. 55 Introduction of the Egison Programming Language
- 56. 56 Profile of Egison I have created Egison to represent human’s intuition directly. Paradigm Pattern-matching-oriented, Purely functional Author Satoshi Egi License MIT Version 3.3.12 (2014/9/18) First Released 2011/5/24 Filename Extension .egi Implemented in Haskell (about 3,500 lines)
- 57. 57 The Additional Features of Pure Egison We have features in additon to simplification of data decomposition and conditional branches • Ways of Pattern-Matching is More Customizable • We can customize the way of pattern-matching against not only against collection such as lists, multisets and sets • Pattern Modularization with Lexical Scoping • We allow multiple occurrences of same variables in patterns
- 58. 58 More complex example, Mahjong
- 59. 59 More complex example, Mahjong Two same tiles Three consecutive tiles Three same tiles
- 60. 60 More complex example, Mahjong Two same tiles Three consecutive tiles Three same tiles Seven twins or one twin + four shuntsu or kohtsu
- 61. 61 More complex example, Mahjong Two same tiles Three consecutive tiles Three same tiles Seven twins or one twin + four shuntsu or kohtsu Pattern modularization makes programming more simple!
- 62. 62 Egison on an online media
- 63. 63 Egison on Hacker News Egison was actively discussed on Hacker News twice!
- 64. 64 Access Map of the Website in This Half Year (2014/1/14 – 2014/7/14) Total session is 14,109
- 65. 65 Egison will be taught in the University of Tokyo by Prof. Hagiya Egison will have big impact on the academic world, too!
- 66. 66 Growth of Community in This Year (2013/11/15 – 2014/9/18) • Mailing List Members • Before: 12 – Only my friends • Current: 23 – Communicating in English • Stargazers on GitHub • Before: 12 – Only my friends • Current: 214 – People from all over the world!
- 67. 67 My Mind Map on Programming Language
- 68. 68 My Mind Map on Programming Language
- 69. 69 My Mind Map on Programming Language Egison is pioneering this field!
- 70. 70 Application of Egison
- 71. 71 There is a Wide Range of Application • Daily programming • Able to express complex tasks simply • Data access and analysis • Work as the most elegant query language • Able to access the wide range of data types in a unified way • Natural language processing • Able to handle complex structures intuitively as humans do in their mind • AI (Mathematical expression handling) • Able to handle various mathematical and abstract notions directly
- 72. 72 Query example • Query that returns twitter users who are followed by “__Egi” but not follow back “__Egi”. User: id integer name string Follow: from_id integer to_id Integer
- 73. 73 SQL version • Complex and difficult to understand • Complex where clause contains “NOT EXIST” • Subquery
- 74. 74 Egison version • Very Simple • No where clauses • No subquery
- 75. 75 Egison version • Very Simple • No where clauses • No subquery Joining 4 tables 1. Get id of “__Egi” 2. Followed by ‘uid’ not 3. But not follow back 4. Get name of ‘fid’ Return the results
- 76. 76 My Dream • Daily programming • Able to express complex tasks simply • Data access and analysis • Work as the most elegant query language • Able to access the wide range of data types in a unified way • Natural language processing • Programs that find interesting things • Programs that build math theories • Programs that generate programs • Able to handle complex structures intuitively as humans do in their mind • AI (Mathematical expression handling) • Able to handle various mathematical and abstract notions directly
- 77. [ANN]Articles on Egison will be on CodeIQ MAGAZINE 77
- 78. 78 [ANN] We will post Egison problems on CodeIQ
- 79. 79 Thank you! Please try Egison and give us feedback! satoshi.egi@mail.rakuten.com
- 80. 80 Problem What is the 40th pair of prime numbers of the form (p, p+8)? Please try and answer to @Egison_Lang! e.g. [3, 11] [5, 13] [11, 19]…