RV 2014: Rail~Volution 101 by GB Arrington
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The document discusses the evolution of transit-oriented development (TOD) over the past 20 years, emphasizing the shift from mere planning to focused implementation and community integration. It outlines myths surrounding TOD, such as the misconception that proximity to transit alone constitutes development, and highlights the necessary principles for successful TOD, including density, mixed-use environments, and effective partnerships. Additionally, it presents case studies and market trends illustrating the increasing demand for high-quality, walkable urban spaces among younger demographics.
RV 2014: Rail~Volution 101 by GB Arrington
- 1. MAKING PLACE BETTER Reflec%ons: Rail~Volu%on @20 Arrington.gb@gmail.com arrington.gb@gmail.com gbplacemaking.com
- 2. OVERVIEW Topics § 20 years § Beyond myths § Tomorrows stations § TOD principals § Creating value § TOD market § Case studies § Conclusions
- 3. LOOKING BACK QUICKLY What’s changed from Rail~Volution 1 to Rail~Volution 20 Circa 1980 Portland LRT & Transit Station Area Planning renderings "
- 4. LOOKING BACK QUICKLY What’s changed TOD cartoons to 1,000’s of built TOD projects Portland Cartoon " Portland, Dallas, Cleveland Washington DC, San Francisco, Minneapolis TODs "
- 5. LOOKING BACK QUICKLY What’s changed Export Portland TOD to a na%onal movement Minneapolis, Phoenix, Charlotte, Boston, Seattle, Miami " VP Gore, Rail~Volution 1998 Orenco Station "
- 6. LOOKING BACK QUICKLY What’s changed Educa%on & advocacy to a growing lifestyle West Baltimore, Denver, Chicago, California, Brisbane AU " My home, Portland Urban Infill TOD"
- 7. LOOKING BACK QUICKLY What’s changed Planning is sufficient to an implementa%on focus Miami " Garland, TX"
- 8. LOOKING BACK QUICKLY What’s changed Any TOD is ok to equitable + sustainable + jobs TOD Affordable TOD 10th & Osage Denver " Arlington VA, San Jose, Vancouver BC "
- 9. LOOKING BACK QUICKLY What’s changed Transit a “good” to transit designed for development Seattle 60th & I-84 Portland " Streetcar "
- 10. LOOKING BACK QUICKLY What’s changed A residen%al project to a mixed use district Pearl Del Mar, Pasadena " District, Portland "
- 11. LOOKING BACK QUICKLY What’s changed Limited TOD examples to a market preference SW Mockingbird Station, Dallas " Waterfront, Portland "
- 12. TOD MYTHS Development next to transit is TOD
- 13. TOD or TAD? § Majority of development at US transit stations are not TODs § TOD is still illegal in at most US transit stops § Not enough to be next to transit, must be shaped by transit LRT Station" Transit-Oriented Development Transit Adjacent Development Cisco Systems TAD San Jose, CA" Street Car TOD Portland, OR"
- 14. SHAPED BY TRANSIT § Greater density § Less parking § Better public realm § Mix of uses § Very walkable § Tame the car San Diego, Portland, San Francisco, Washington, DC, Denver San Francisco, Dallas"
- 15. LRT Station ORENCO STATION The fundamentals for a successful TOD ~ a great neighborhood § Safe streets § Strong center § Local services § Parks & open space § Housing choices § Good jobs Hillsboro, OR"
- 16. TOD MYTHS geSng the planning right is sufficient
- 17. KEYS TO TOD SUCCESS: IMPLEMENTATION FOCUS § Planning based in development reality § Apply the power of partnerships § Market driven, not transit driven TOD § Designed for the pedestrian 41st & Fox Commuter Rail Station Denver "
- 18. VISION FOR WHAT YOU WANT Overlake Transit Village, Redmond, WA"
- 19. CLEAR PATH & ROLES TO GET THERE Overlake Transit Village, Implementation Plan, Redmond, WA"
- 20. TOD MYTHS This is a great TOD project
- 21. a successful PRINCIPLES FOR TOD Active defined center § Series of projects " § 18 hours of activity " § Quality public realm / sense of place " § Employment closest to transit" § Compact & dense "
- 22. TOD: A DISTRICT NOT A PROJECT T! Orenco Station A District The Round A Project T!
- 23. MISSION BAY SAN FRANCISCO § Mission Bay redevelopment § University Campus § High Density Housing § Mixed-use § Station at SF Giants ball park
- 24. TOD MYTHS Transit enables TOD
- 25. LINK TO A BROADER STRATEGY TOD: a “means to an end” to achieving community objectives § More than transit § Part of community’s vision for growth § Building partnerships essential § Basis to gain greater broader support & success State Center TOD Strategy, Baltimore MD"
- 26. 21ST CENTURY STATIONS City shaping with transit requires a new approach to transit. Quality design Make transit work Create a place Connect to the community Navy Yard Station Washington, DC
- 27. TOD MYTHS Transit riders: the market for TOD
- 28. UNDERSTANDING YOUR MARKET § Emerging Trends in Real Estate ‘10: – "The future is about green development, infill, & TOD" § Majority of TOD residents are childless – Empty-nesters & young urban professionals § TOD households tend to be higher income – Reflects newer construction Portland TOD Condo"
- 29. MILLENNIALS WANT URBAN 2011 National Association of Home Builders: § 88% of Gen Y want to be in an urban setting § 1/3rd willing to pay for the ability to walk § Huge market: 80m Gen Y v 76m Boomers
- 30. WHAT TOD RESIDENTS WANT From Transit Community Resident Surveys: § Well designed communities § Easy access to a center § High quality residence § Quality transit service § Pedestrian Friendly § Good price value The Merrick" Orenco Town Center" “The ability to walk to a pint of milk”
- 31. TOD MYTHS TOD needs less parking
- 32. a successful PRINCIPLES FOR TOD Limited, managed parking § Always a challenging issue § Consider: size, loca%on, design & management § No minimum ra%os, maximums § Disconnect parking from buildings, manage by district § Park ‘for sale’ nearly conven%onally
- 33. 10 Trips " TODS BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY T O D h o u s i n g g e n e r a t e s 5 0 % 6.67 Trips " l e s s a u t o t r affic t h a n c o n v e n t i o n a l h o u s i n g 3.55 Trips " Single Family" Multifamily Multifamily " TOD " Daily Vehicle Trips "
- 34. TODS CREATE LESS TRAFFIC TOD residents are: § Twice as likely not to own a car as US Households § 5 times more likely to commute by transit than others in region Self-selection: § Responsible for up to 40% of TOD ridership bonus Rio Vista, San Diego" Columbia City, Seattle"
- 35. TOD MYTHS ½ mile is the TOD walkshed
- 36. a successful PRINCIPLES FOR TOD Compact pedestrian-oriented § Block sizes for 5-minute walk" • Max of 400 ft block face" § Orient buildings to sidewalks " § Calm streets " § Active street edges with wider sidewalks " § Retail & office closet to transit"
- 37. DISTANCE, USE & MODE SHARE WMATA Survey – transit share decreases with distance § First 600 ft really matters § Office mode share drops about 1% every 100 ft § ½ mile residential share 200% higher than office Lesson: put office & retail closest to station "
- 38. TOD MYTHS Density makes TOD viable
- 39. a successful PRINCIPLES FOR TOD Medium to higher density § Greater than community average" § Distance to transit matters" § To support transit on average:" – 6 to 7 du/ac for frequent bus" – 9 to 25 du/ac for rapid transit" § Minimum density effective tool "
- 40. TRANSIT ALONE DOES NOT CREATE VALUE Value results from: § Overall development market § Land available for development § Supportive plans & policies § Designing transit for value New Lynn Station, Auckland, NZ" West Corridor, Denver"
- 41. TRANSIT RENT PREMIUM Locations within ½ mile of transit command much higher rents § Washington D.C. +28% rent premium § Northern Virginia & Montgomery Co + 40% rent premium CoStar Group 2011 Navy Yard & Waterfront Metro Stops
- 42. RAIL DEVELOPMENT PREMIUM TriMet Blue Line study – Hillsboro to Gresham § Found a 36% premium over & above what could otherwise be expected without LRT – Blue Line LRT: 36% increased rate of & density of development Blue Line TOD"
- 43. TOD MYTHS TODs maximize mixed use
- 44. a successful PRINCIPLES FOR TOD Mix of uses § Planners require it too often " § Vertical or Horizontal" § Most difficult TOD element" § Great TOD benefits" – More walking + ridership" – Reduced auto-use" § Prohibit auto-oriented uses closest to transit "
- 45. PEARL DISTRICT PORTLAND Mixed-Use TOD Public & private partnership – Housing – Infrastructure – Parks § Since1997 – $1B+ Devlp – 3,000+ units § Tight parking § 22% affordable
- 46. TOD MYTHS We need rail before we do TOD
- 47. DON’T NEED TO WAIT FOR TRANSIT Same planning & development fundamentals apply § Transit-Oriented § Pedestrian-Oriented § Development-Oriented " " T O D P O D D O T
- 48. TOD MYTHS These ideas won’t work here
- 49. FIRM BASE TO DRAW ON § Market preference for urban housing § Lot’s of experience to draw from § Demographics trends are favorable § Federal policy support Blue Line, Twin Cities"
- 50. COMMUNITY BUILDING + PEOPLE MOVING § Trends are on your side § Plan for the pedestrian § Leverage the power of partnerships § Raise your aspirations § Make TOD legal & easy § Develop a strategy equal to the task Melbourne AU, Seattle, Portland"
- 51. THANK YOU arrington.gb@gmail.com gbplacemaking.com 971-282-5118