Sailing through rough waters
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The master thesis by Nicolai A. Kirkeng and Herman Ness analyzes the characteristics of the Norwegian deep sea shipping clusters in Oslo and Bergen to identify factors that can enable the creation of global maritime knowledge hubs. It highlights the importance of specialized service firms, competent labor mobility, diverse ownership, and strong linkages in enhancing cluster performance. The thesis concludes with recommendations for shipping companies to focus on outsourcing activities and facilitating labor mobility to strengthen their specialized service sectors.
Sailing through rough waters
- 1. The Master Thesis of Nicolai A. Kirkeng & Herman Ness 2010Sailing through rough waters - Navigated by knowledge 1
- 2. AgendaBackgroundOur studyResearch questionPropositionsFindingsRecommendationsFuture researchAgendaNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness2
- 3. BackgroundThe global competitive advantage of the Norwegian maritime industryNorway has strong maritime clusterIs it as strong in the challenge to develop into a Global Maritime Knowledge Hub?Norway has two ship owner centers: Oslo and BergenBackgroundNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness3
- 4. Limitation of our scopeCluster limitationsFocusing on the knowledge intensive elements of the cluster. Primarily with regards to the headquarter functions of the shipping companies.Global Knowledge Hub Index limitationsFocus on Cluster attractivenessTalent attractivenessOwnership attractivenessThe linkages between the dimensions: Cluster dynamicsLimitationsNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness4
- 5. Research questionResearch Question“What are the characteristics of the Norwegian deep sea shipping clusters that can enable the creation of global maritime knowledge hubs – A comparative study of the Oslo and Bergen shipping clusters.”Nicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness5
- 6. Case studyCase studyPrimary case studyDeep sea shipping Oslo Comparative case studyDeep sea shipping BergenFinancial & Legal servicesOsloNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness6
- 7. Propositions7PropositionsLinkagesCluster attractivenessP4P5 a b cP1PerformanceTalent AttractivenessP2OwnershipAttractivenessP3Nicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness
- 8. PropositionsMore specialized service firms = higher performanceProposition 1: Ceteris paribus, the higher the degree of dedicated professional service firms, e.g. financial, legal and brokerage services, the higher the performance of the cluster.Nicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness8
- 9. Maritime financial and legal firmsPropositionsNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness9
- 10. PropositionsCompetent labor and labor mobility = higher performanceP2a: Ceteris paribus, the higher the availability of cluster specific labor pool, the higher the performance of the clusterP2b: Ceteris paribus, the higher the degree of labor mobility, the higher the performance of the clusterNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness10
- 11. EducationPropositionsOsloBergenDeep Sea ShippingLegal and financial servicesNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness11
- 12. PropositionsDiverse ownership types and FDI = higher performanceP3a: Ceterisparibus, a more diverse setofownership types willincreasetheperformanceoftheclusterP3b: Ceterisparibus, thehigherForegin Direct Investment and thehigher Foreign Facilitation Investment Globally by clustermembers, thehighertheperformanceoftheclusterNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness12
- 13. PropositionsMore valuable linkages = higherperformanceP4: Ceterisparibus, thehigherthedegreeofinternalclosurewithinthecluster and externalbrokerageoutsidethecluster, thehighertheperformanceofthecluster. Nicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness13
- 14. Suggested network characteristicsPropositionsNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness14“Shipping is a information game that is why John Fredriksen still does business in Oslo, and that’s probably how Blystad could start playing the rig-market almost a year before the rest of the world” – Oslo representative”It seems that the services firms are satisfied by serving the local ship owners” – Bergen representative
- 15. PropositionsLinkages moderate theeffectofthe different dimensions on performanceP5a: Linkages moderate the relationship between dedicated professional service firms and the performance of the cluster. Dedicated professional service firms are more beneficial for performance for clusters characterized by high degrees of linkages.P5b: Linkages moderate the relationship between cluster specific competent labor pool and the performance of the cluster. Cluster specific competent labor pool is more beneficial for performance for clusters characterized by high degrees of linkages.P5c: Linkages moderate the relationship between diverse ownership and the performance of the cluster. Diverse ownership is more beneficial for performance for clusters characterized by high degrees of linkages.Nicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness15
- 16. Oslo distinguishitselfwiththehighestpotencialofbecomming a GKHFindingsMainly due to a more beneficialnetworkstructure and the mass of industries outsidetheclusterthatstrengthenthe legal and financial servicesWe have alsoseenA widersetofspecialized servicesMore educatedworker poolHigherdegreeof FDI, especially Foreign Facilitation Investment GloballyMore externalbrokerage, though less internalclosureNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness16
- 17. FindingsThe legal and financial services are an important part ofthe maritime cluster, and has a strongimpact on theclustersperformanceUnstablepolicies on the national level is one ofthestrongest barriers to develop a GKHFindingsNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness17
- 18. PotentialsFindingsOslo – Maritime Services GKHBergen – Niche centerWorld class maritime sericessectorHigh world-wide market penetraction in selected segmentsNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness18
- 19. RecommendationsShipping companies should outsource more of their activities to benefit from a stronger and healthier specialized service sector. The actors in the cluster should facilitate for more labor mobilityRecommendationsNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness19
- 20. Potential future researchWhom is dependent of whom?How does it effect the maritime services industry that the Oslo ship owner community is declining?Can they make it on their own?Would there have been a different story 10-20 years ago?Test our propositions20Future researchNicolai Kirkeng & Herman Ness
- 21. Thank you for your attention!Q&A21