sample project.pdf on oxalate ion present in guava

Study of Starch Digestion
by Salivary Amylase:
Effects of Ph and
Temperature
Dornai B
Domain C
DBe.orog/1SMD
AlSSCE 2024-25
Calcium ion
Active stte
Chlorida on
Mobiie loop
NAME :
XII SCIENCE
ROLL NO:1
Grch Am ceb

Certificate
This is to certify that work embodied in this project entitled
"Studyof Starch Digestion by Salivary Amylase:Effects of Ph
and Temperature "has been carried out by
-nf Class XIl Science of
D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL,Kolkatafollowing all necessary
rules and regulations laid down by C.B.S.E. under my
supervison
Principal
SCHOO
(anul|
Subject Teacher
External
Diam
Ond
Harbou
Ro

Table of contents
Introduction Acknowledgement Declaration
Page-2 Page-3 Page-4
V
Experiment-1
To study the digestion of
starch by salivary
amylas(5-8)
V
Experiment-2
To study the effects of variation in
temperature on the activity of
salivary amylase(9-12)
Experiment-3
To study the effects of
level on the activity of
salivary amylase(13-14

Introduction
Allliving beings need energy to survive
It is from the food we consume that w
get our energy. We know that the ener
we are getting is by the process of
digestion that breaks down the compl
substance of starch into simpler
molecules of glucose, which are furthe
metabolized into CO2 and water thro
the process of glycolysis.The human
digestive tract starts at the mouth an
ends at the anus.

Starch
Amylase
Maltose
jsien ot tarcn
Action of Salivary Amylase on Starch

Acknowledgement
I
would like to express my profound gratitudeto Mrs. Vijay Laxmi Kumar ,Principal of
D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOLfor her contributionsto the completion of my projecttitled
Sacdgeo by Salivay dnae: flect bad tempesain
I
would like to express my special thanks to our mentor Mrs. Rashmi Khanna, my
Chemistry Teacher for her time and efforts she provided throughout the year.Your
useful advice and suggestions were really helpful to me during the project's
completion. In this aspect, I am eternally grateful to you.
I would like to express my gratitude to my parents and friends for helping to complete
this project within the time frame.
XIl Science

Declaration
1A, student of classXII CofD.A.V.
Public School, Kolkata, do hereby declare
that the project is undertaken by me as part
of CBSE curriculum.To the best of my
knowledge, it is an original piece of work
done by me
XIlScience

Aim- Tostudy thedigestion ofstarchbysalivary amylase
Theory- When Iodine solution (Yellow) is added to Starch solution, it turns blue black but
colour of iodine solution remainsunchanged for simpler sugars.When Saliva is
introduced in blue-black solutionit slowly changesto reddish brown and then toyellow
as salivary amylase
slowly breaks starch to smaller sugars.
Material required
1.1% Starch Solution 2. Saliva Solution(1:20 dilution) 3.1% NaCl Solution
4.Test-Tubes 5.Stopwatch 6.Dropper
Procedure
1.In 2
test-tubes, 5ml ofstarch solution is taken and
marked as A andB.
2.In test-tube A, 2ml ofsaliva solution is added.
3.In test-tubeB,2ml NaCl (SodiumChloride) solution is
added.
4.Both the test-tubes are mixed well and the stopwatch is o
be started atthis moment

With Amylase> KWithout Amylase
Test tube A - Contains Saliva(Salivary Amylase)
Test tube B - Contains NaCI Solution

5.Afterl min, two drops of solution from each test-tube is taken using a dropper
and transferred to test-tubescontaining l ml of 1% iodine solution. The colour
changes, if any, is noted.
6.This step isrepeated after every 4 min and the time and intensity of blue colour
is recorded until the iodine solution retains its colour
OBSERVATION
Time(min) Experimental
tube(A)
Control tube(B)
Blue Blue
4 Blue Blue
8 Blue Blue
12 Blue Blue
16 Blue Blue
20 No change(Yellow) Blue
24 No change(Yellow) Blue

8.Similarly, transfer test tube C into the beaker set at 50
°C.
9.Drawl mlof saliva solution and add it into testtube A. Do the samefor
test tube Band C.
10.Quickly draw afew drops using a dropper from test tube A and transfer
the sameto the first series of test tubes having iodine solution
.Repeat the same: transfera few drops from testtube B and C intothe
second and third series of test tubes having iodine solutions.
12.Note the time as "0-minute reading" and wait 2minutes before
proceeding to the next step.
13.Draw a few drops from each tube and add it to the tubes with the iodine
solution.Note the change in colour.
14.Repeat the experiment in intervals of 2minutes until the colour of iodine
does not change

OBSERVATIONS
1.The blue colour in tube A,slowly loses its intensity.
2.At around 20 min, the saliva solution becomes in capable
of changing the colour of iodinesolution.
Result:
It takes about 20 min for lml of dil. Enzyme solution
(1:20
dilution) to digestcompletely 5ml of 1% starch
solution to the achromatic point or end point.

Aim :Tostudytheeffects ofvariation in temperature
and
pH levels on the activity ofsalivary amylaseon
starch.
Material Required
1.Water.
2.lce cubes.
3.Testtubes.
4.Droppers.
5.Wire gauze.
6.Thermometer.
7.Bunsen burner.
8.Saliva solution.
9.lodine solution.
10.pH tablets of 5,6.8, 8.
11.Beaker with water and a thermometer.
12.15 ml 1% starch solution +3ml 1% NaCI.
13.3 series of test tubes,each containing iodine solution

Procedure
Effect of Various Temperatures
ontheactivity of
salivary amylase on starch
1.Divide and pour the 15 ml 1% starch solution +3ml 1% NaCl solution into threetest
tubes and name them as A, B and C.
2.Pour a few ice cubes ina beaker and ensure that they stay at 5°C.
3.Transfer tube- A to the beaker with ice.
4.Take two more beakers and fill them with water.
5.Heat the two beakers,one up to 37°C and the other
at 50°C.
6.Ensure that the temperatures for the two beakers are constant.
7.Transfer test tube B into the beaker which is set at 37°C.

Oigestio Mixture
mi staeh
mtNaC
4ml Saliva
5°C +- 2°C
Crushed Ice-Pieces
37 C
429C
Effect of Various Temperatures ontheactivity of

Effect of different
pH levels on the activity of salivary amylase
on starch
1.Divide and pour the 15 ml 1% starch solution
+3ml 1% NaCl solution into three test
tubes and name them asA, BandC.
2.AddpH tablets 5,6.8 and 8into test tube A, B, and C respectively.
3.Now add water into a beaker and boil it by placing it on aBunsen burner.
4.Transfer all the three test tubes into boiling water.
5.Use a thermometer to ensure that the temperature
of this water is to be maintained
at 37°C.
6.Use a dropper to transferImlof saliva solution to each of the three test tubes
7.Immediately transfera few drops from test tube A to the first series test tubes
containing iodine solution.
8.Repeat the same for test tube Band C, transferring the same to series 2and 3test
tubes respectively.
9.Note the time as "0-minute reading"and wait 2minutes before proceeding to the
next step.
10.Draw a fewdrops from each tube and add it to the tubes with the iodine solution.
11.Note the change in colour.
12.Repeat the experiment in intervals of 2minutes until the colour of iodine does not
change

Effect of different pHlevels on the activity of salivaryamylase
on starch
1.Divide and pour the 15 ml 1% starch solution +3ml 1% NaCl solution into three test
tubes and name them as A, B and C.
2.Add pH tablets 5,6.8 and 8into testtubeA, B,and C respectively.
3.Now add water into a beaker and boil it by placing it on a Bunsen burner.
4.Transfer all thethree test tubes into boiling water.
5.Use a thermometerto ensure that the temperature of this water is to be maintained
at 37 °C.
6.Use a dropper to transfer lml of saliva solution to each of the three test tubes
7.Immediately transfer a few dropsfrom test tube A to thefirst series test tubes
containing iodine solution.
8.Repeat the same for test tube B and C, transferring the same to series2and 3test
tubes respectively.
9.Note the time as "0-minute reading" and wait 2minutes before proceeding to the
next step.
10.Draw a few dropsfrom each tube and add it to the tubes with the iodine solution.
1.Note the change in colour.
12.Repeat the experiment in intervals of 2minutes until thecolour of iodine does not
change

pH5I5 acidik, therefore salivary amylase did not
at in these tubes
pH68 is slightly acidik, therefore salivary amylase
acted in the tube and digested the starch.
pH 8salkaline, therefore salivary
amylase did not act in these fubes.
Effect of ph on salivary amylase

Observation
Effect of Various Temperatures on the activity of
salivary amylase on starch:
Thetest tube at 37 °C reaches the achromatic point
quickestcompared to the other two.At high
temperatures,the enzyme gets denatured and at low
temperatures,the enzyme is deactivated. Hence, it
takesmore time for starch to be digested at
temperaturesoutside 37° C.
Temp
(°C)
5+/-2
37+/-2
Time required to reach
achromatic
point(min)
No result
20min
50 +/- 2 No result

Rate
or
pr
sec
ond)
ction
004
003
002
001
Safivary aylase
Bacteral anyiase
30 40 50 60
Temperature (°C)
70
Effect of temperature on salivary amylase graph

Effect of different Ph levels on the activity of
The salivary amylase did not react in the tubes that had
pH tables of 6 and 8.It only reacted with the tube that has
pH tablet6.8.The pH is considered acidic when it is level
5.A pH of 8is considered to be alkaline.A pH of 6.8 is
considered to be slightly acidic
pH
5
Time required to reach
achromatic point (min)
No result
6.8 20min
8 No result

Keve
Vnyo
100
60
40
20
012 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 13 14
pll
Effect of ph on salivaryamylase graph

PRECAUTION
1.Filter the saliva through a wet cotton film and not through
filter paper
2.All the Weighing and Measuring should be done accurately
3.Maintain uniform temperature of the water bath
throughout the experiment
4.While measuring Saliva there should be no air bubbles
5.Alltest-tubes used should be clean and dry

Bibliography
l.www.wikipidea.com
2.www.scribd.com
3. NCERT Lab Manual-Classl2
4.0labs by Amritam Vidyalam(Meity)
5.www.youtube.come
1

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