Saw13 ch02-ppt
- 1. Contents
- 2. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 2 Contents Chapter 2 Applying and Modifying Fonts Understanding Basic Typography Applying Desktop Publishing Guidelines Using Fonts in Windows 8 Modifying Font Elements CHECKPOINT 1 Adding Symbols and Special Characters to a Document Applying Advanced Font Formatting CHECKPOINT 2 Desktop Publishing Terms and Definitions Quick Links to Slide Contents
- 3. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3 Contents Understanding Basic Typography An important element in the creation of any type of document is the font used to format the text. To choose a font for a document, you need to understand basic typography and the terms that apply. Terms that identify the type specifications are typeface, type size, and typestyle.
- 4. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4 Contents Understanding Basic Typography - continued Defining Typefaces One of the most important considerations in establishing a particular mood or feeling in a document is the typeface. A typeface is a set of characters with a common general design and shape (Word refers to typeface as font). Certain elements distinguish one typeface from another.
- 5. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 5 Contents Understanding Basic Typography - continued The characters in a line of text rest on an imaginary horizontal line called the baseline. The x-height is the height of the main body of the lowercase characters and is equivalent to the height of the lowercase x. The cap height is the distance between the baseline and the top of capital letters. Ascenders are the parts of lowercase characters that rise above the x-height, and descenders are parts of characters that extend below the baseline. Serifs are the small strokes at the ends of characters.
- 6. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 6 Contents Understanding Basic Typography - continued Typefaces are either monospaced or proportional. The characters in a sans serif typeface do not have serifs (sans is French for without). Sans serif typefaces are generally more legible (characters are easier to recognize) and are often used for headlines and advertisements.
- 7. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7 Contents Understanding Basic Typography - continued When using a proportional typeface, space once after end-of- sentence punctuation and after a colon. Since proportional fonts take up varying amounts of horizontal space, you should not use the spacebar to align objects on a page. Microsoft Office 2013 includes many typefaces designed for clear, extended on-screen reading, and they are integrated into all the new templates offered as part of Microsoft Office.
- 8. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 8 Contents Understanding Basic Typography - continued Defining Type Sizes Type size (font size) is defined by two categories: pitch and point size. Pitch is a measurement used for monospaced typefaces. Point size is a vertical character measurement. The characters in a proportional typeface are measured in units called points. A point is approximately 1/72 of an inch.
- 9. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 9 Contents Understanding Basic Typography - continued Defining Typestyles A typestyle is a variation of a basic font that causes the font to display thicker (bold) and/or slanted (italic). Within a typeface, characters may have varying typestyles. There are four main categories of typestyles: normal (also known as light, black, regular, or roman), bold, italic, and bold italic.
- 10. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 10 Contents Applying Desktop Publishing Guidelines Desktop publishing includes general guidelines, or conventions, that provide a starting point for designing documents. Use moderation in choosing typefaces and type sizes—two fonts and three different font sizes are usually adequate for most publications. Serif fonts are more formal looking and are the standard for long text.
- 11. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 11 Contents Applying Desktop Publishing Guidelines - continued OpenType is a font format that was developed jointly by Microsoft and Adobe. OpenType fonts can potentially contain many thousands of characters. OpenType fonts have better support for international character sets, cross-platform support between Windows and Macintosh computers, support for Postscript and TrueType fonts, and support for advanced typographic features, which include special ligatures (combined characters, which will be discussed in more detail later in the chapter) and swashes (exaggerated serifs).
- 12. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 12 Contents Applying Desktop Publishing Guidelines - continued In addition to reinforcing the message of your document, choosing the right font can also help save money on printing. The amount of ink used in printing is determined by the thickness of the font. Choosing a font with narrow or light in its name is usually more ink-efficient than using a font with bold or black in its name. Also, serif fonts tend to use less ink than sans serif fonts.
- 13. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 13 Contents Applying Desktop Publishing Guidelines - continued Font design may be harmonious, conflicting, or contrasting. Harmonious font design—one font with varying effects Contrasting font design—one serif/one sans serif; one dark/one light; one thin/one thick Conflicting font design—fonts are too similar
- 14. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 14 Contents Applying Desktop Publishing Guidelines - continued Use fonts that complement the message of your document.
- 15. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 15 Contents Using Fonts in Windows 8 When software is loaded on your computer, any fonts associated with that software are loaded into Windows 8. If your printer does not support a font or font size you are using to format your text, Word may substitute the closest possible font and font size.
- 16. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 16 Contents Using Fonts in Windows 8 - continued Embedding Fonts in Word Embedding fonts in your Word documents is a good way to make sure that they will look the same when viewed on other computers. Embedding a font attaches the associated font file to the document so that the font will display on computers that do not contain that particular font file. Embed fonts in the file option
- 17. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 17 Contents Using Fonts in Windows 8 - continued Changing Default Font Formatting Word documents are based on a template that applies default formatting. For Word 2013, this default formatting includes 11-point Calibri font, 1.08 line spacing, and 8 points of spacing after paragraphs (a press of the Enter key).
- 18. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 18 Contents Modifying Font Elements Changing Fonts, Font Styles, and Font Sizes You can select fonts at the Font button drop-down gallery in the Font group on the HOME tab, at the Font dialog box, or at the Mini toolbar that displays when you select or right-click any text in a document. As you scroll through the list of fonts in the Font button drop- down gallery, the live preview feature displays the selected text with the font applied.
- 19. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 19 Contents Modifying Font Elements - continued Changing Font Color Another way to modify fonts is by applying color. You may apply font colors to text by clicking the Font Color button in the Font group on the HOME tab. Click More Colors to access the Colors dialog box.
- 20. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 20 Contents Modifying Font Elements - continued At the Colors dialog box with the Custom tab selected, you may customize your font in any of 16 million different colors. Colors in the HSL model are adjusted using three factors: the luminescence, which is the brightness of the color; the hue, which is the color itself; and the saturation, which is the color’s intensity. Custom tab
- 21. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 21 Contents Modifying Font Elements - continued Applying Underlining To apply underlining to text, use the Underline button in the Font group on the HOME tab. To change the underline style, click the Underline button arrow and then click an option at the drop-down gallery. To apply or change underlining at the Font dialog box, click the down-pointing arrow at the right side of the Underline Style option box arrow and then click an option.
- 22. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 22 Contents Modifying Font Elements - continued Applying Font Effects The Effects section of the Font dialog box contains a variety of options that can be used to create different character formatting. Click the Text Effects button at the bottom of the Font dialog box to open the Format Text Effects dialog box, which provides more options for applying text effects. Format Text Effects dialog box
- 23. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 23 Contents Modifying Font Elements - continued You can modify the look of your text by changing its fill, by changing its outline, or by adding effects such as shadows, reflections, or glows. Use options at the Text Effects and Typography button drop-down gallery to apply text effects to text. Text Effects and Typography button
- 24. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 24 Contents Modifying Font Elements - continued Changing Fonts Using Themes Word 2013 makes it easy to apply font formatting to a portion of selected text. The Themes button in the Document Formatting group on the DESIGN tab makes it just as easy to apply a full set of formatting options, including font formatting, to an entire document. The default theme is the Office theme. Themes gallery
- 25. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 25 Contents Modifying Font Elements - continued Applying Styles and Style Sets Styles are another way to ensure consistent formatting throughout a document. At the Styles gallery, you can choose styles for titles, headings, subheadings, and body text, among other text elements. Styles gallery
- 26. Contents© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 26 CHECKPOINT 1 1) These are the parts of lowercase characters that rise above the x-height. a. ascenders b. descenders c. baselines d. cap heights 3) This is a term for the brightness of color. a. color b. saturation c. luminescence d. hue 2) This is a vertical character measurement and is approximately equal to 1/72 of an inch. a. pitch b. point size c. spacing d. typeface 4) This is the name of the default theme in Word 2013. a. Default b. Normal c. Office d. Standard Next Question Next Question Next Question Next Slide Answer Answer Answer Answer
- 27. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 27 Contents Adding Symbols and Special Characters to a Document Symbols and special characters add interest and originality to documents. To insert a symbol, click the Symbol button in the Symbols group on the INSERT tab and then select one of the symbols displayed in the drop-down list or click More Symbols at the bottom of the drop-down list to open the Symbol dialog box. At the Symbol dialog box, select the Symbols tab, select a desired font, double-click the symbol or click Insert, and then click Close (or press Esc). Symbol dialog box
- 28. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 28 Contents Adding Symbols and Special Characters to a Document - continued Creating Em and En Dashes An em dash (—) indicates a pause in speech. An en dash (–) indicates a continuation, such as in the ranges 116–133 or January–March, and is exactly one-half the width of an em dash. An em dash is generally the width of a typeface’s uppercase M and an en dash is the width of a lowercase n.
- 29. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 29 Contents Adding Symbols and Special Characters to a Document - continued Using Smart Quotes In typesetting, the tail of the punctuation mark extends upward for the open quotation mark and downward for the close quotation mark. In typesetting, the straight quotes are used to indicate inches (") or feet ('). The Smart Quote feature will automatically choose the quote style that is appropriate if it is typed in error.
- 30. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 30 Contents Applying Advanced Font Formatting Word 2013 offers advanced font formatting features that can improve the appearance of text. Access advanced font formatting options at the Font dialog box with the Advanced tab selected. At this dialog box, you can specify character spacing for text, apply OpenType features, and apply text effects to selected text.
- 31. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 31 Contents Applying Advanced Font Formatting - continued Adjusting Character Spacing Each typeface is designed with a specific amount of space between characters. This character spacing may be changed with options at the Font dialog box with the Advanced tab selected.
- 32. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 32 Contents Applying Advanced Font Formatting - continued You can adjust the spacing between certain character pairs (referred to as kerning) by selecting your text and then inserting a check mark in the Kerning check box. Kerning positions certain character combinations closer together to improve readability and help the eye move along the text.
- 33. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 33 Contents Applying Advanced Font Formatting - continued Applying OpenType Features Word 2013 offers advanced OpenType features in the Font dialog box with the Advanced tab selected that you can use to enhance the visual appeal of your text. A ligature is a combination of characters tied together into a single letter.
- 34. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 34 Contents Applying Advanced Font Formatting - continued OpenType fonts support four types of ligatures: • Standard Only • Standard and Contextual • Historical and Discretionary • All
- 35. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 35 Contents Applying Advanced Font Formatting - continued The Number spacing option in the OpenType Features section of the Font dialog box with the Advanced tab selected is set at Default, which means that spacing between numbers is determined by the font designer. Choosing the Proportional option allows a different amount of space for each number. Use the Tabular option if you want each number to be allotted the same amount of space.
- 36. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 36 Contents Applying Advanced Font Formatting - continued The Number forms option is also set at Default. Change this to Lining if you want all numbers to be the same height and not extend below the baseline. This is recommended for numbers in tables and forms. Choose the Old-style option when you want the numbers to extend above and below the baseline.
- 37. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 37 Contents Applying Advanced Font Formatting - continued In addition to the previously mentioned OpenType features, you can also apply additional formatting using stylistic sets. Click one of the stylistic sets to change the look of your text. Notice the slight differences in letters such as t, n, s, and h.
- 38. Contents© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 38 CHECKPOINT 2 1) The Symbol button is located on this tab. a. INSERT b. PAGE LAYOUT c. HOME d. DESIGN 3) Change character spacing with options in this dialog box. a. Font b. Paragraph c. Layout d. Spacing 2) This character indicates a pause in speech. a. smart quotes b. en dash c. hyphen d. em dash 4) How many ligatures do OpenType fonts support? a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 6 Next Question Next Question Next Question Next Slide Answer Answer Answer Answer
- 39. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 39 Contents Desktop Publishing Terms and Definitions continues on next slide… Term Definition ascenders The parts of a lowercase character that rise above the x-height baseline An imaginary horizontal line upon which characters rest cap height The distance between the baseline and the top of capital letters descenders The parts of a lowercase character that extend below the baseline em dash A dash that indicates a pause in speech; as wide as the typeface’s uppercase M en dash A dash that indicates a continuation; as wide as the typeface’s lowercase n font A set of characters with a common design and shape
- 40. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 40 Contents continues on next slide… Desktop Publishing Terms and Definitions - continued Term Definition hue The color itself kerning Decreasing or increasing the horizontal space between specific character pairs ligature Letters that have been attached to create a single character luminescence The brightness of a color monospaced Same amount of character spacing for each character in a typeface pitch The number of characters that can be printed in 1 horizontal inch point size A vertical character measurement; approximately equal to 1⁄72 of an inch proportional Varying amount of space for each character in a typeface
- 41. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 41 Contents Desktop Publishing Terms and Definitions - continued Term Definition sans serif Describes a typeface whose characters do not have a small stroke at the end saturation The intensity of a color serif A small stroke at the end of a character swash An exaggerated serif typeface A set of characters with a common design and shape typestyle Variations within a typeface, including regular or normal, bold, italic, and bold italic x-height Height of the lowercase x of a font
Editor's Notes
- #2: In this chapter, you will be introduced to important desktop publishing terms and guidelines related to applying and modifying fonts. You will then practice applying these concepts by creating documents such as a conference sign, a medical plan, a sales flyer, and a corporate invitation.
- #3: You may navigate through this presentation while in Slide Show view. Click on a topic in this slide to advance directly to the related topic slide. To return to this slide, click the Contents button located in the bottom right corner of each slide. Alternatively, you may choose to advance through the presentation one slide at a time by clicking the Next button, which appears as a right-pointing arrow in the bottom right corner of each slide. Go back a slide by clicking the Previous button, which appears as a left-pointing arrow in the bottom right corner of each slide.
- #4: As you learned in Chapter 1, when planning a document, consider the intent of the document, the audience, the feeling the document is to elicit, and how you plan to emphasize the most important information. Make sure the headlines, graphics, and typography work together to support the desired message.
- #5: For example, you might choose a decorative typeface for invitations or menus, but use a simple block-style typeface for headlines or reports. Choose a typeface that reflects the content, the expectations of your audience, and the image you want to project.
- #6: Parts of certain characters may extend above and below this baseline. The image in this slide illustrates the various parts of type.
- #7: A monospaced typeface allots the same amount of horizontal space for each character; professional publications rarely use this typeface. Courier is an example of a monospaced typeface. Proportional typefaces allow a varying amount of space for each character. For example, the lowercase letter i takes up less space than an uppercase M. In addition, different proportional typefaces take up different amounts of horizontal space. For example, the same sentence takes up far more horizontal space when set in Century Gothic than it does in Times New Roman. Proportional typefaces fall into two main categories: serif and sans serif. Traditionally, serif typefaces are easier to read and are used with text-intensive documents, such as business letters, manuals, and reports. Serifs help move the reader’s eyes across the page. In modern designs, sans serif typefaces may also be used for body text, but in doing so, you should avoid using more than seven or eight words per line; using bold, italics, outlining, or shadowing; or using a long line length. The image in this slide shows examples of serif, sans serif, and monospaced typefaces.
- #8: A proportional typeface is set closer together, and extra white space is not needed at the end of a sentence or after a colon. The typefaces Microsoft Office uses in the new templates include the default—Calibri—as well as Cambria, Candara, Consolas, Constantia, and Corbel. Calibri, Candara, and Corbel are sans serif typefaces; Cambria and Constantia are serif typefaces; and Consolas is monospaced.
- #9: Pitch reflects the number of characters that can be printed in 1 horizontal inch. For some printers, the pitch is referred to as cpi, or characters per inch. For example, the font Courier 10 cpi is the same as 10-pitch Courier. Proportional typefaces can be set in different sizes. Points are measured vertically from the top of the ascenders to the bottom of the descenders. The higher the point size selected, the larger the characters. The illustration in this slide shows Wide Latin and Arial Narrow typefaces in a variety of point sizes. Horizontally, the two fonts vary greatly in width, but vertically the point size remains the same.
- #10: Apply a typestyle to your text by clicking the Bold button and/or the Italic button in the Font group on the HOME tab. Alternatively, click the Font group dialog box launcher to access the Font dialog box, where you may select a typestyle to apply regular, italic, bold, or bold italic formatting to a desired font.
- #11: Too many typefaces and typestyles give a document a disorderly appearance, confuse the reader, and take away from the content of the document. Sans serif typefaces are cleaner and more contemporary in form and thus are favored for large text or headlines. Line length and line spacing are also factors to consider when choosing appropriate typefaces.
- #12: An OpenType font may contain multiple alphabets (such as Latin, Greek, Japanese, and more). This font format provides several advantages over older font technologies such as TrueType.
- #13: The following fonts are listed in order from most to least ink-efficient: Century Gothic, Times New Roman, Calibri, Verdana, Arial, Trebuchet, Tahoma, and Franklin Gothic Medium. However, note that Century Gothic is a wider font and may extend the text to an additional page—which means that it could be less paper-efficient.
- #14: A harmonious design is calm and comfortable, although not particularly exciting. This makes it well-suited for more traditional documents, such as formal invitations. A harmonious design is created using one font with different effects applied to it. Other design elements (borders, graphics, and symbols) with the same qualities as the chosen font may also be used to enhance the design. A contrasting design is created by using fonts that are very different from one another but still complementary. Achieve a contrasting design by using font pairs that are thick and thin, dark and light, sans serif and serif, plain and ornate, or set in two different colors or sizes. Using a contrasting design helps to create a bold, interesting look that draws the reader in and holds his or her interest. A conflicting design is created when you choose two or more fonts that look too similar. The fonts are different, but not different enough to easily tell them apart. Avoid using conflicting fonts in your documents. Additionally, remember to use fonts that complement the message of your document.
- #15: The illustration in this slide displays fonts that could match the mood and tone of your message.
- #16: You can view all the fonts that have been loaded into your computer by displaying the Control Panel, clicking the Appearance and Personalization category, and then clicking the Fonts option. You can view the substitution fonts in the Font Substitution dialog box by displaying the Word Options dialog box, clicking the Advanced option in the left panel, and then clicking the Font Substitution button in the Show document content section.
- #17: To embed fonts in Word, display the Word Options dialog box, click the Save option in the left panel, and then insert a check mark next to the desired embedding option. Note that embedding fonts can increase your document’s file size and may not work for some commercially restricted fonts.
- #18: To change the default font, click the Font group dialog box launcher to display the Font dialog box. At the Font dialog box, select the font you want to use as the default and then click the Set As Default button located in the bottom left corner of the dialog box. At the dialog box that displays, determine whether you want to set the new default font for just the current document or for all documents created based on the Normal.dotm template and then click OK. Font selections made within a document through the Font dialog box will override the default font settings for the current document only.
- #19: To change a font size at the Font dialog box, select a point size from the Size list box, or type a specific point size in the Size text box. The Size list box displays common increments ranging from 8 to 72 points, but you may type a point size not listed. For instance, to change the font size to 250 points, select the number in the Size text box and then type 250. To change a font size with the Font Size button in the Font group on the HOME tab, type a number and then press the Enter key, or select a point size from the Font Size button drop-down gallery. You can also increase or decrease the font size by clicking the Increase Font Size button or Decrease Font Size button located in the Font group, or by pressing Ctrl + Shift + > or Ctrl + Shift + <. To change the typestyle at the Font dialog box, select a font style in the Font style list box. As you select different typefaces, the list of available typestyles in the Font style list box changes.
- #20: While the Font Color button drop-down gallery displays two groups of colors (Theme Colors and Standard Colors), you can access a wider variety of colors by clicking the More Colors option to open the Colors dialog box. At the Colors dialog box, click the Standard tab to display 124 colors and 15 shades of gray.
- #21: You may create your own custom colors by either choosing the RGB or HSL color models. To create a custom color using the RGB model, adjust the values in the Red, Green, and Blue measurement boxes by entering values between 0 and 255 or by using the up- or down-pointing arrows at the right of the measurement boxes. For the HSL model, adjust the values in the same way you would adjust the values in the RGB model. If the document you are working in contains an object or text with a color you want to use, copy the color from one object to another using the Format Painter.
- #22: Note that underlining is considered to be a somewhat dated method of emphasizing text in desktop publications. Try enhancing your text with italics, bold, all caps, small caps, or a different font size or color instead.
- #23: Options include Strikethrough, Double strikethrough, Superscript, Subscript, Small caps, All caps, and Hidden. To choose an effect, click the check box to insert a check mark. The text in the Preview section of the dialog box will illustrate the change. If the text you want to format already exists, select the text before applying these formatting options. Consider using keyboard shortcuts to apply font formatting. For instance, press Ctrl + Shift + A for all caps; press Ctrl + Shift + K for small caps; or press Shift + F3 to toggle capitalization. To access a detailed list of keyboard shortcuts, click the Microsoft Word Help button (the question mark symbol in the upper right corner above the ribbon) and then enter keyboard shortcuts for Word in the search text box. Display the article that contains a list of shortcuts and then print it for easy access.
- #24: To add an effect to text, select the text that you want to enhance, and then click the Text Effects and Typography button in the Font group on the HOME tab. At the drop-down gallery, click one of the preformatted effects at the top, or point to a category to open a side menu where you can apply or adjust a specific effect or aspect of the text. The font colors and effects vary with the theme selected. If you want to remove an effect from text, select the text and then click the Clear All Formatting button in the Font group on the HOME tab.
- #25: As you learned in Chapter 1, a theme can include a color scheme (a set of colors), a font scheme (a set of heading and body text fonts), and an effects scheme (a set of lines and fill effects). The theme defines the major and secondary fonts used in the document, the color palette for the document, and the effects used for shapes, charts, and graphics inserted into the document. By basing the content of a document on the same theme, you can help ensure a consistent look and easily make changes to the content without having to spend time reformatting. Keep in mind that you can customize each of the themes by selecting different color combinations, font combinations, and effects. If the Themes button is dimmed and not accessible, you may need to convert the document from compatibility mode to the newest format by clicking the FILE tab, clicking the Convert button, and then clicking OK at the prompt that displays.
- #26: To apply a style from the Styles gallery, select the text to which you want to apply the style and then click the desired style in the Styles gallery on the HOME tab. When you click the More button in the lower right corner of the gallery, it will expand to display more style options, as shown in this slide. Additionally, you may display the Styles task pane by clicking the Styles task pane launcher in the bottom right corner of the Styles group or by pressing Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S. If the style that you want does not appear in the Styles gallery, press Ctrl + Shift + S to open the Apply Styles window. Click the down-pointing arrow at the right of the Style Name option box and then click the desired style at the drop-down list. Style sets are predesigned combinations of styles, colors, and fonts. To apply a style set, click the DESIGN tab and then click a style set in the style set gallery, which displays in the Document Formatting group. To expand the style set gallery, click the More button in the lower right corner of the gallery. Live preview enables you to view how each style set would look if applied to the document.
- #27: In Slide Show view, click the Answer button after you believe that you know the correct answer to Question (1). The correct answer will be displayed. Click the Next Question button and Question (2) will appear. Repeat these steps for the remaining questions. When you have clicked the Answer button for Question (4), the Next Slide button will appear. Click this button to advance to the next slide.
- #28: Sometimes, it is the small touches that make a difference, such as adding a symbol at the end of an article in a newsletter, enlarging a symbol and using it as a graphic element on a page, or adding a special character to clarify text. Interesting symbols are found in such fonts as (normal text), Wingdings, Wingdings 2, Wingdings 3, and Webdings. Special characters may include an em dash, en dash, copyright character, registered trademark character, ellipses, or nonbreaking hyphens. To insert a special character from the Symbol dialog box, click the Special Characters tab and then insert the desired character in the document using one of the methods described above. Recently used symbols display toward the bottom of the Symbol dialog box for easy access. Another way to quickly access a symbol you use frequently is to write down the character code for that symbol and then enter that number in the Character code text box near the bottom of the Symbols tab in the Symbol dialog box when you need to insert it.
- #29: Besides inserting em and en dashes using the Special Characters tab of the Symbol dialog box, you may insert an em dash from the keyboard by pressing Alt + Ctrl + Num - (minus key on the numbers pad) or an en dash by pressing Ctrl + Num - . Do not include spaces before or after en dashes and em dashes. Additionally, the AutoCorrect feature includes an option that will automatically create em dashes. To create an em dash, type the word, type two hyphens, type the next word, and then press the spacebar. When you press the spacebar, AutoCorrect automatically converts the two hyphens to an em dash.
- #30: To turn the Smart Quotes feature on or off, click the FILE tab, click Options, click Proofing in the left panel, click the AutoCorrect Options button, click the AutoFormat As You Type tab, and then click the “Straight quotes” with “smart quotes” check box to insert or remove the check mark. In addition, symbols and special characters may be added to the AutoCorrect feature, which will automatically insert the desired symbol when using a specific keyboard command.
- #31: Be cautious when adjusting character spacing. Such adjustments can reduce the readability of the text.
- #32: Use the Scale option to stretch or compress text horizontally as a percentage of the current size (from 1 to 600). Expand or condense the spacing between characters with the Spacing option. Choose either the Expanded or Condensed option and then enter the desired point amount in the By measurement box. Raise or lower selected text in relation to the baseline with the Position option. Choose either the Raised or Lowered option and then enter the point amount in the By measurement box.
- #33: Character pairs that are commonly kerned by automatic kerning include AV, TA, Ty, Vi, and WA.
- #34: OpenType fonts support four ligature options.
- #35: Standard ligatures are designed to enhance readability. For example, if you use the Candara font, the standard ligatures fi, ff, and fl appear. Standard and Contextual ligatures are designed to enhance readability by providing better joining behavior between the characters that make up the ligature. Historical and Discretionary ligatures are designed to be ornamental and are not meant to improve readability. Historical and discretionary ligatures are not commonly used but are available to create a historical or “period” effect. Selecting All ligatures means all ligature combinations will be applied to the selected text.
- #36: Three Microsoft fonts—Candara, Constantia, and Corbel—use proportional number spacing by default. The Cambria, Calibri, and Consolas fonts use tabular spacing by default.
- #37: The Cambria, Calibri, and Consolas fonts use the Lining option by default. Three fonts that use the Old-style option are Candara, Constantia, and Corbel.
- #38: Apply a stylistic set to change the appearance of text with a font applied, as shown in this slide. Use the Text Effects and Typography button drop-down gallery or the Font dialog box with the Advanced tab selected to change the stylistic set. Another adjustment that may be applied to fine-tune text is the Use Contextual Alternates option. Use this feature to give your script font a more natural and flowing appearance, as shown at the bottom of the image shown on this slide. Notice the slight differences in letters such as t, n, s, and h. Keep in mind that not all fonts contain ligature combinations, number spacing and forms, stylistic sets, or contextual alternates. You will need to experiment with fonts to find the ones that provide these features.
- #39: In Slide Show view, click the Answer button after you believe that you know the correct answer to Question (1). The correct answer will be displayed. Click the Next Question button and Question (2) will appear. Repeat these steps for the remaining questions. When you have clicked the Answer button for Question (4), the Next Slide button will appear. Click this button to advance to the next slide.
- #40: The tables in this slide and the next two slides list the desktop publishing terms in the left column with the corresponding definitions in the right column. In Slide Show view, click the term in the left column to link to the related slide. To return to this slide, click the underlined term in the related slide.
- #41: The tables in this slide, the previous slide, and the next slide list the desktop publishing terms in the left column with the corresponding definitions in the right column. In Slide Show view, click the term in the left column to link to the related slide. To return to this slide, click the underlined term in the related slide.
- #42: The tables in this slide and the previous slides list the desktop publishing terms in the left column with the corresponding definitions in the right column. In Slide Show view, click the term in the left column to link to the related slide. To return to this slide, click the underlined term in the related slide.