Sc10 0906
- 3. What is mutation? Mutation is a permanent change in the genetic information.
- 4. Types of mutation Somatic Mutation Mutation occurs in any body cells EXCEPTS gametes. Somatic mutation cannot pass on to the next generation. E.g: Lung Cancer Germ line Mutation Mutation occurs in any body, especially in the reproductive organ such as sperm or egg. Germ line mutation can pass on to the next generation. E.g: Huntington’s disease
- 5. What causes mutation? Ionising radiation. Ionising radiation such as UV light, X-ray, and gamma rays can alter DNA to cause cancers and other harmful conditions. E.g : skin cancer Chemical agents. Chemical agents that causes mutations include environmental poisons and irritants such as tobacco tar and high alcohol intake. Biological agents. Virus and Bacteria that alter the structure of DNA. E.g: HPV increases the risk of cervical cancer.
- 7. Changes on DNA •Adenine Thymine •Cytosine Gaunine •22 pairs autosomal Chromosomes (44) •1 pair sex – linked chromosomes (2)
- 8. Mutation Substitution (Silent Mutation) During the coping process one of the bases are copied wrong or lost, then gets substituted with the wrong one.
- 9. Mutation Insertion (Frame Shift) After the chain breaks, during the fixing process extra bases are added and then one side of the chromosome is one or more bases longer
- 10. Gene Mutation Deletion (Frame Shift) After the chain breaks, during the fixing process, extra bases are lost and then one side of the chromosome is one or more bases shorter.
- 12. Medical Technology Amniocentesis is performed between 16 and 20 weeks into the pregnancy. By around this time, the developing baby is suspended in amniotic fluid. A thin needle is used to withdraw a small amount of this fluid from the sac surrounding the fetus. It can be used to test: Down syndrome Cystic Fibrotic Fragile X syndrome
- 13. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) CVS test genetic abnormalities by taking a tiny sample piece of the placenta tissue using a slender needle. It is specifically used to detect genetic disorder disease such as Down syndrome or cystic fibrosis.
- 14. Karyotype Karyotype is an organised profile of a person’s chromosomes. 22 pairs autosome and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
- 16. Genetic Disorder Diseases Research on the questions on the genetic disorder disease answer sheet. You should provide answers of each questions in details. Finish the answer sheet in 20 mins, then go to moodle. Under Year 10 Biological Science, go to the group number link.
- 17. Padlet Key in the password “ Mutation”, then you can write your answers on the wall. Here is your seating plan and Code, write the Code in the top left box on your answer sheet. Write Relevant Content ONLY 1A 1B 1C 1D 5A 5B 5C 5D 2A 2B 2C 2D 6A 6B 6C 6D 3A 3B 3C 3D 7A 7B 7C 7D 4A 4B 4C 4D 8A 8B 8C 8D
- 18. Quiz Time (lol) 1) Define mutation. Mutation is a sudden and ____________change on genes. 2) List two types of mutation and identify their differences. 3) Define Karyotype 4) List three possible mutagens ( agents that can increase the rate of mutation) 5) List 2 medical technologies to detect genetic disorder.