Scada presentation (group 10)
- 1. SCADA (SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION) PRESENTED BY: 1)17BEE074 Ritik Sharma 2)17BEE075: Ritvik Bhatiya 3)17BEE086: Shreyansh Kherada 4)17BEE093: Swarnindu 5)17BEE103: Paritosh Yagnik 6) 16BEE116: Priyank Soni
- 2. Introduction to SCADA ■ SCADA, acronym for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition is a control system architecture used in industrial and infrastructural processes. ■ It uses computer networked communications and GUI for high-level process supervisory and management. ■ It also implements a distributed database, or tag database, that contains tags or points throughout the plant. These points represent a single input or output value that is monitored or controlled by the SCADA system in the centralized control room. ■ The points are stored in the distributed database as value-timestamp pairs. It's very common to set up the SCADA systems to also acquire metadata, such as programmable logic controller (PLC) register paths and alarm statistics.
- 3. SCADA SYSTEM DATA CONTROL ■ The Operator’s access into a SCADA system is by: •OIT – Operator InterfaceTerminal •HMI – Human Machine Interface ■ OIT’s provide a local interface, typically in a remote location or into an isolated system like skid mounted equipment. ■ Screens to display information have a simple layout since displays are not large; anywhere from 4 inches to 14 inches. ■ HMI software is used at the Central Control location. Software is installed on computers with faster processors and larger monitors so the screens display more information. ■ They also make use of animation to emphasize critical data or focus operator attention to important areas of a process or annunciate an alarm. ■ The work horse of the SCADA system that effectively grabs data from instruments, converts the information to a format a computer program can understand, and handles high speed communication are Programmable Logic Controllers.
- 4. Programmable Logic Controllers and RemoteTerminal Units RemoteTerminal Units (RTUs) Remote terminal units, also known as (RTUs), connect to sensors and actuators in the process, and are networked to the supervisory computer system. RTUs are "intelligent I/O" and often have embedded control capabilities such as ladder logic in order to accomplish Boolean logic operations Programmable Logic Controllers ■ The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) was invented in 1968 to support the automobile industry by Bedford Associates’ engineer Dick Morley. PLC’s come in a wide variety of sizes and shape, used from controlling nuclear power plants to controlling a pump in a parking garage. ■ High end PLC’s can handle multiple racks of IO modules, various communication modules, and may be installed in a redundant configuration so the loss of a power supply or processor will not stop control of a facility. ■ PLCs are connected to sensors and actuators in the process, and are networked to the supervisory system in the same way as RTUs. ■ PLCs have more sophisticated embedded control capabilities than RTUs, and are programmed in one or more IEC 61131-3 programming languages. ■ PLCs are often used in place of RTUs as field devices because they are more economical, versatile, flexible and configurable.
- 5. Generations of SCADA 1. Monolithic or Early SCADA Systems ■ Minicomputers are used earlier for computing the SCADA systems. ■ In earlier times, during the time of first generation, monolithic SCADA systems were developed wherein the common network services were not available. ■ Hence, these are independent systems without having any connectivity to other systems. 2. Distributed SCADA Systems ■ In the second generation, the sharing of control functions is distributed across the multiple systems connected to each other using Local Area Network (LAN). Hence, these were termed as distributed SCADA systems. ■ These individual stations were used to share real- time information and command processing for performing control tasks to trip the alarm levels of possible problems.
- 6. Generations of SCADA 3. Networked SCADA Systems In the networked design, the system may be spread across multiple LAN networks called a process control network (PCN), separated geographically. Several distributed architecture SCADAs running in parallel, with a single supervisor and historian, could be considered a network architecture, improving cost of large scale systems. 4. Internet ofThings Web SCADA systems use internet browsers such as Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox as the graphical user interface (GUI) for the operators HMI. This simplifies the client-side installation and enables users to access the system from various platforms with web browsers such as servers, personal computers, laptops, tablets and mobile phones. In fourth generation, the infrastructure cost of the SCADA systems is reduced by adopting the internet of things technology with the commercially available cloud computing. The maintenance and integration is also very easy for the fourth generation compared to the earlier SCADA systems.
- 7. SCADA Security Issues . Malware, including viruses, spyware and ransomware can pose a risk to SCADA systems. While malware may not be able to specifically target the network itself, it can still pose a threat to the key infrastructure that helps to manage the SCADA network. This includes mobile SCADA applications that are used to monitor and manage SCADA systems. SCADA systems are designed to operate in decentralized facilities like power, oil, gas pipelines, water distribution, etc. The system is open, robust, easy to operate and maintain yet lacks security. The security of these SCADA systems is of utmost importance as compromise or destruction of the system in any way or form could affect multiple areas dependent on the plant. Many of these older systems operate perfectly fine from a non-security perspective. For example, they were designed to open and close a dam and that’s it. They weren’t designed to communicate with other systems, be monitored and measured across IT networks, etc. They simply don’t stand up to cyber attacks perpetrated through access vectors that didn’t even exist when they were designed
- 8. Features of SCADA Alarm handling- Alarm handling is an important aspect of any SCADA system. System monitors whether certain alarm conditions are satisfied to determine an alarm event. Indication can vary from simple indicating lights or with the help of mimic diagrams to the operator to auto- generated email or text messages to remote operators Under explicit conditions, alarm point is a digital status point that has either the value NORMAL or ALARM, calculated by a formula based on the values in other analogue and digital points. Under Implicit conditions, system might automatically monitor whether the value in an analogue point lies outside limiting values (associated with that point).
- 9. Features of SCADA PLC/RTU programming- Smart RTU’s or standard PLC’s are capable of autonomously executing simple logic processes without involving the supervisory computer They employ standardized control programming, IEC 61131-3 (a suite of 5 programming languages including function block, ladder, structured text, sequence function charts and instruction list), is frequently used to create programs. Unlike C or FORTRAN, this has minimal training requirements by the virtue of resembling historic physical control arrays.Thus, both design and implementation can happen over RTU’s or PLC’s. Programmable Automation Controllers (PAC) are compact controllers that combine features and capabilities of a PC- bases control system with that of a PLC In many electrical substation SCADA applications, "distributed RTUs" use information processors or station computers to communicate with digital protective relays, PACs, and other devices for I/O, and communicate with the SCADA master in lieu of a traditional RTU.
- 10. THANKYOU.