Scandium
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Scandium is a rare metallic element discovered in Scandinavia in 1869. It is a silvery metal that develops a slight yellow or pink tint when exposed to air. Scandium is mainly used to strengthen aluminum alloys for aerospace components and sports equipment through increasing alloy strength and improving weld quality. It provides the highest increment of strengthening per atomic percent of any alloying element added to aluminum.
Scandium
- 2. Scandium is Latin for Scandinavia, where it was first discovered in 1869 Scandium is a rare, hard, silvery, rough, very dark metallic element that develops a slightly yellowish or pinkish tint when exposed to air First prepared in its metallic form in 1937 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r.t.) 2.985 g·cm−3 Liquid density at m.p. 2.80 g·cm−3 Melting point 1814 K (1541 °C, 2806 °F) Boiling point 3109 K (2836 °C, 5136 °F) Heat of fusion 14.1 kJ·mol−1 Heat of vaporization 332.7 kJ·mol−1 Specific heat capacity (25 °C) 25.52 J·mol−1 ·K−1 Young's modulus 74.4 GPa Shear modulus 29.1 GPa Bulk modulus 56.6 GPa Poisson ratio 0.279 Brinell hardness 750 MPa CAS registry number 7440-20-2
- 3. Mainly used in aluminum alloys for • Aerospace components • Sports equipment (bikes, golf clubs, bats, firearms) Also used in high intensity lights • Scandium Iodide added to mercury vapor lamps for TV cameras • Some types of light bulbs scandium provides the highest increment of strengthening per atomic percent of any alloying element when added to aluminum.. Night Guard™ Features • Strong, Lightweight Scandium Alloy Frames
- 4. Titanium is similar in weight and strength and is much more common (cheaper) than scandium. When added to aluminum, scandium lowers the rate of recrystallization and grain-growth in weld heat-affected zones. Scandium does increase an aluminum alloy strength somewhat, but is primarily added for the benefit of stronger welds. • Scandium-aluminum alloys originally used on Russian submarine-launched ballistic missiles • Made strong missile nose cones and strong tail fin welds enabling missiles to pierce arctic ice caps when launched from below the surface