Scheduling Topic of Production and Operations
- 1. Submittes by : - Gunjan Kumar Lal Roll no- 03
- 2. • Scheduling can be defined as “prescribing of when and where each operation necessary to manufacture the product is to be performed.” OR • It is also defined as “establishing of times at which to begin and complete each event or operation comprising a procedure”. The principle aim of scheduling is to plan the sequence of work so that production can be systematically arranged towards the end of completion of all products by due date.
- 3. • The principle of optimum task size : Scheduling tends to achieve maximum efficiency when the task sizes are small, and all tasks of same order of magnitude. • Principle of optimum production plan: The planning should be such that it imposes an equal load on all plants. • Principle of optimum sequence: Scheduling tends to achieve the maximum efficiency when the work is planned so that work hours are normally used in the same sequence.
- 4. 1. Forward scheduling • Forward scheduling is commonly used in job shops where customers place their orders on “needed as soon as possible” basis. • Forward scheduling determines start and finish times of next priority job by assigning it the earliest available time slot and from that time, determines when the job will be finished in that work centre. 2. Backward scheduling • It is often used in assembly type industries and commit in advance to specific delivery dates. Backward scheduling determines the start and finish times for waiting jobs by assigning them to the latest available time slot that will enable each job to be completed just when it is due, but done before.
- 6. • The scheduling methodology depends upon the type of industry, organization, product, and level of sophistication required. They are: 1. Charts and boards, 2. Priority decision rules, and 3. Mathematical programming methods.
- 7. • Gantt charts and associated scheduling boards have been extensively used scheduling devices in the past, although many of the charts are now drawn by computer. Gantt charts are extremely easy to understand and can quickly reveal the current or planned situation to all concerned. They are used in several forms, namely, • (a) Scheduling or progress charts, which depicts the sequential schedule; • (b) Load charts, which show the work assigned to a group of workers or machines; and • (c) Record a chart, which are used to record the actual operating times and delays of workers and machines.
- 8. • Priority decision rules are simplified guidelines for determining the sequence in which jobs will be done.
- 9. • Scheduling is a complex resource allocation problem. Firms process capacity, labour skills, materials and they seek to allocate their use so as to maximize a profit or service objective, or perhaps meet a demand while minimizing costs. The following are some of the models used in scheduling and production control. • Linear programming model: Here all the constraints and objective functions are formulated as a linear equation and then problem is solved for optimality. Simplex method, transportation methods and assignment method are major methods used here. • PERT/CPM network model: PERT/CPM network is the network showing the sequence of operations for a project and
- 10. Scheduling is done in all the activities of an organization i.e., production, maintenance etc. Therefore, scheduling is used all the methods and techniques of for
- 11. Production and operation management : - N. Suresh & S. Anil Kumar