The E-Rate program provides discounts on telecommunications and internet access for schools and libraries. It was established by Congress in 1996 to make these services more affordable. Schools may receive discounts from 20-90% on internet access and wiring, based on the income levels of their students and whether they are in a rural or urban area. To qualify, schools must develop a technology plan with goals such as providing professional development, equal access to technology, and using technology to promote learning and parental involvement. The costs are paid by telecommunications providers through contributions to the Universal Service Fund, which may be passed onto consumers through bills.