Science10 q3 mod1_v2

Science
Quarter 3 - Module 1
Reproductive and Endocrine Systems
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
10

Science- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Reproductive and Endocrine Systems
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon
Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Randolph B. Tortola, CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Author/s : Crystal Jade S. Mongas
Content Editor : Loniel D. Barro, PhD
Language Editor : Maria Luisa M. Casiño
Reviewers : Ellen A. Azuelo, PhD, Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, PhD
Illustrator and Layout Artist : Crystal Jade S. Mongas
Management Team
Chairperson : Arturo B. Bayocot, PhD, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons : Victor G. De Gracia Jr., PhD, CESO V
Assistant Regional Director
: Randolph B. Tortola, PhD, CESO IV
Schools Division Superintendent
: Shambaeh A. Abantas-Usman, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
: Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Members : Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS
Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
Elbert R. Francisco, CID Chief
Ellen A. Azuelo, EPS-Science
Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, LRMDS Manager
Jeny B. Timbal, PDO II
Shella O. Bolasco, Librarian II
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Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon
Office Address: Sumpong, Malaybalay City
Telephone: (088) 813-3634
E-mail Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph

Science
Quarter 3 - Module 1
Reproductive and Endocrine Systems
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed
by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at
bukidnon@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
10

Table of Contents
Page
COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lesson 1: The Male Reproductive System
What I Need to Know ............................................................................. 1
What I Know .......................................................................................... 1
What’s In ................................................................................................ 2
What’s New ........................................................................................... 3
What Is It .................................................................................................. 3
What’s More ........................................................................................... 6
What I Have Learned ............................................................................... 7
What I Can Do .......................................................................................... 7
Assessment ............................................................................................. 8
Additional Activities .................................................................................. 9
Lesson 2: The Female Reproductive System
What I Need to Know ............................................................................ 11
What I Know ............................................................................................. 11
What’s In ................................................................................................ 12
What’s New ............................................................................................ 13
What Is It ............................................................................................... 13
What’s More .......................................................................................... 16
What I Have Learned ............................................................................. 17
What I Can Do .......................................................................................... 17
Assessment ............................................................................................ 17
Lesson 3: The Endocrine System
What I Need to Know ............................................................................. 20
What I Know .......................................................................................... 20
What’s In ............................................................................................... 21
What’s New .......................................................................................... 21
What Is It ................................................................................................ 22
What’s More ............................................................................................. 25
What I Have Learned ............................................................................... 26
What I Can Do .......................................................................................... 27
Assessment ............................................................................................. 29
Assessment ................................................................................................................... 29
Answer Key .................................................................................................................... 31
References .................................................................................................................... 33

WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT
Introductory Message:
Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Reproductive
and Endocrine Systems.
To the Teachers:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public schools to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress and allow them to manage their own learning for
optimal development and understanding. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this module.
To the Parents:
This module was designed to provide your children with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at their own pace and time.
As vital partners in education, your support to your children’s learning at home is a great
factor to ensure that they will become successful in what they do. As parents, you are
expected to monitor your children’s progress as they accomplish the tasks presented in this
module and ensure that they will practice learning independently.
To the Learners:
This learning resource hopes to engage you into guided and independent learning activities
at your own pace and time. In other words, your success in completing this module lies in
your own hands. You are capable and empowered to achieve the competencies and skills
presented in this material if you will only learn, create and accomplish to the best of your
ability.
Be rest assured that this material is entirely learner-friendly for this aims to help you acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration your needs and circumstances.
It is our objective, therefore, that you will have fun while going through this module. Take
charge of your learning pace and in no time, you will successfully meet the targets and
objectives set in here which are intended for your ultimate development as a learner and as
a person.
- From the Science 10 Module Development Team

How to Learn from This Module
To achieve the objectives set in this module, you, the learners, are to do the following:
• Take time in reading the lessons thoroughly;
 Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises carefully; and
• Answer all the given tests diligently.
Icons Used in This Module
This module contains the following parts and their corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This gives you an idea on what skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in each
lesson.
What I Know It includes an activity that aims to check your
prior knowledge on the lesson you are about to
take. If you get all the answers correctly (100%),
you may decide to skip the lesson.
What’s In This serves as a brief drill or review to help you
link the current lesson with that to the previous
one.
What’s New It offers a new lesson by introducing it
interestingly through a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
What Is It This provides a brief discussion of the lesson.
This aims to help you discover and understand
new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice
to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key found at the end
of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to process
what you have learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do It delivers an activity which will help you transfer
your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
Assessment This aims to evaluate your level of mastery in
achieving the learning competencies.
Additional Activities This enriches your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. It also tends to the retention of
the learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains all of the answers to all activities
and exercises presented in this module.

At the end of this module, you will also find:
Guidelines and Reminders
Before using this module, please take time to read the following guidelines and reminders:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer the What I Know section before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and be able
to gain a deeper understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
References This shows the list of all sources used in
developing this module.

This page is intentionally left blank

1
What I Need to Know
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify the parts that make up the male reproductive system;
2. describe the parts of the male reproductive system; and
3. give the functions of these parts.
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. When does the reproductive system of humans become active?
A. When an individual grows taller. C. When an individual reaches college.
B. When an individual reaches high school. D. When an individual reaches puberty.
2. Which of the following structures of the male reproductive system is responsible in
producing sperm cells?
A. penis B. prostate gland C. scrotum D. testis
3. How can a sperm be ejected?
A. through ejaculation C. through urination
B. when taking a bath D. all of the choices
4. The __________ carries the sperm from the testes to the urethra.
A. scrotum B. testis C. seminal vesicle D. vas deferens
Lesson
1
The Male Reproductive
System
What I Know
In this particular lesson,
you will learn about the
male reproductive
system.

2
5. What is the process that causes the penis to enlarge and become firm?
A. ejaculation B. erection C. urination D. gestation
6. How does the urethra function?
A. It carries the sperm out of the body. C. It provides a milky liquid.
B. It produces sperm cells. D. It secretes semen.
7. The __________ is a tightly coiled series of thread-like tubules.
A. epididymis B. vas deferens C. urethra D. Cowper’s gland
8. What happens to the scrotum in cold temperatures?
A. becomes firm and wrinkled C. becomes firm and rounded
B. becomes stretched and wrinkled D. becomes firm and stretched
9. Which of the following best describes the Cowper’s gland?
A. A mucous secreting gland located at the top of the penis.
B. A mucous secreting gland located at the base of the penis.
C. A gland that provides liquid in which the sperm can swim.
D. A gland that produces sperm cells.
10. The __________ is an accessory organ for reproduction.
A. testis B. penis C. scrotum D. urethra
11. What structure holds the testis?
12. The __________ secretes one of the components of the semen.
A. seminal vesicle B. prostate gland C. Cowper’s gland D. seminal vesicle
13. Which of the following is the male sex hormone?
A. testes B. ovaries C. testosterone D. estrogen
14. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The urethra is a pathway for urine only. C. The urethra is a pathway for sperm.
B. The urethra is a pathway for fluids. D. The urethra is a pathway for urine
and male reproductive fluids.
15. How does the prostate gland function?
A. It secretes milky fluids. C. It secretes blood.
B. It secretes mucous. D. It secretes sweat and fluids.
Every day you meet different forms of life. You may have caught an insect, chased a
cat, played with a dog or perhaps watched your mother peel a shrimp or crack a crab for
lunch. Have you ever wondered if the insect, cat, dog, shrimp and crab were male or
female? Or could it also be neither or both? Answering these questions will lead you to
knowing the sex of an organism. In higher forms of organisms, just like humans, the sex is
distinct which could either be male or female.
What’s In

3
What’s New
LET’S TRY THIS!
Direction: Observe the picture found at the center of the model. Connect your
observations to your prior knowledge and make your inferences. Put your
answers in each box.
What Is It
You have learned that cells make up a tissue, then tissues make up an organ,
and organs make up a system. Let us now understand the organ system to know
specifically how the individual cells of the male reproductive system work. By the way,
the reproductive system of humans does not fully become active until an individual
reaches puberty.
The male reproductive system performs the following functions:
1. secretion of the male sex hormones
2. production of sperm cells
3. transfer of sperm cells
Were you able to make your
inferences and connect your
observations to your prior knowledge?
Great! The picture found at the center of
the model is actually the Male
Reproductive System.
Figure 1.1 Frayer’s Model

4
The male reproductive system includes the structures seen in Figure 1.2. The male
gonads are the testes (singular: testis) hanging in the scrotum. Sperm production requires
a slightly lower temperature than the human body that is why the scrotum hangs loosely
outside the body cavity. However, when the testis fails to descend, it leads to sterility
because of the inhibiting effect of normal body temperature on sperm development.
To summarize, the male reproductive system consists of the following
important structures:
Part Function
Testis produces sperm cells
Scrotum a sac that holds the testis
Penis places sperm into the vagina during mating
Tube (vas deferens) carries sperm from the testes to the urethra
Urethra carries sperm out of the body
Gland provides liquid in which sperm can swim
a. seminal vesicle secretes one of the components of the semen
b. prostate gland secretes a milky fluid that is discharged into the urethra
as part of the semen
c. Cowper’s gland or
Bulbourethral gland
a mucous secreting gland located at the base of the
penis
In this section, each of the male reproductive parts is discussed.
Scrotum
The scrotum consists of skin. In cold temperatures, the scrotum becomes
firm and wrinkled, reducing the overall size of the scrotum.
Testes
The testes are organs within the scrotum each about 4-5 cm long and are
composed of cone-shaped lobules that contain seminiferous tubules, in which sperm
cells develop.
Figure 1.2 The parts of the male reproductive system
Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse

5
Epididymis
Epididymis is a tightly coiled series of thread-like tubules that form a comma-
shaped structure on the posterior side of the testes. The sperm cells continue to mature
along this tube.
Vas deferens
From the epididymis, the sperm moves to this tube up to the ampulla of the
ductus deferens. The wall of this tube is composed of smooth muscles. The vas
deferens emerges from the epididymis and ascends along the posterior side of the
testes to become associated with the blood vessels and nerves that supply the testes.
Ejaculatory Duct
The ejaculatory duct connects into the prostate gland and ends by joining the
urethra within the prostate gland.
Urethra
The urethra is a pathway for both urine and male reproductive fluids but these do
not exit the urethra at the same time. Thus, there is no mixing. The male urethra
connects from the urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis. While seminal fluid
passes through the urethra, a reflex causes the urinary sphincter muscles to contract
tightly to keep urine from passing the urinary bladder through the urethra.
Penis
The penis is only an accessory organ for reproduction and not the reproductive
organ itself as most people think of. It is the organ for copulation and it functions in the
transfer of sperm cells from the male to the vagina of the female. It is composed of erectile
tissues and the engorgement of the erectile tissue with blood causes the penis to enlarge
and become firm in a process called erection.
The Formation of Sperm Cells
Each testis is partitioned into as many as 300 wedge-shaped lobes.
Each contains two to three highly coiled tubes, the seminiferous tubules, and this
is where sperms develop. Although a testis is only about 5 cm long, 125 meters
of tubes are packed in it. When sperm cells move out of the testis, they enter a
long, coiled duct, the epididymis. They are not fully developed at this time, but
secretions from the duct walls help them mature. When they are about to leave the
body, they pass through a thick-walled tube called the vas deferens, and then to
the ejaculatory ducts, and finally, to the urethra where they are ejected. When a
male is sexually aroused, sperm cells begin their journey through the vas deferens
and then exit through the urethra. During this time, they collect fluid along the way.
The following glands contribute fluid to the traveling sperm cells: (a) the
seminal vesicles secrete a thick fluid that contains nutrients, (b) the prostate gland
secretes a thick, milky alkaline fluid to counteract the acidic vagina and the urethra
and it activates the sperms, and (c) the bulbourethral gland or Cowper’s gland
produces the lubricating effect. Altogether the sperm and the fluids make up the
semen. During a male’s arousal, spongy, erectile tissues in the penis are filled
with blood, causing the penis to become hard, erect and enlarged. The semen is
expelled during ejaculation passing through the urethral opening when sexual
arousal reaches its peak.
As previously mentioned, the urethra is a common passageway for urine
and semen. However, the nervous system prevents urine from mixing with the

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semen during ejaculation. Finally, the penis is an external sex organ that allows
the transfer of the semen into the vagina of the female.
Testosterone: The Male Sex Hormone
Testosterone is the main male sex hormone secreted by the testis. This hormone is
responsible for the normal development of the organs of the male reproductive system. It
also brings about the changes experienced during puberty.
The changes that appear at 10 to 14 years of age eventually distinguish the male
secondary characteristics. Secondary male characteristics among males include growth of
facial, underarm, chest, pubic and body hair, enlargement of the voice box, deepening of the
voice, development of the male musculature and increased secretion of sweat and oil.
Moreover, testosterone is responsible for a male’s muscular strength. This is why some
athletes take steroids that contain testosterone or other similar compounds. However, taking
steroids have been proven to produce harmful effects and it may even result to mental
problems.
TELL ME THE TRUTH!
In this activity, you will describe the parts of the male reproductive system and
their functions.
Direction: Decide whether the description of each part of the male reproductive system is
true or not. Choose A if the statement is true; otherwise choose B if it is not.
A. True B. False
1. In cold temperatures, the scrotum becomes firm and wrinkled, thus reducing
the overall size of the scrotum.
2. The penis is composed of epithelial tissues and the engorgement of the
erectile tissue with blood causes the penis to enlarge and become firm.
What’s More
Figure 1.3 The human sperm and its parts

7
3. The vas deferens emerges from the epididymis and ascends along the
posterior side of the testes to become associated with the blood vessels
and nerves that supply the testes.
4. Testosterone brings about the changes experienced during puberty in
males.
5. The ejaculatory duct extends into the prostate gland and ends by joining the
urethra within the prostate gland.
6. The penis is only an accessory organ for reproduction and not the
reproductive organ itself.
7. The urethra is a pathway for both urine and male reproductive fluids.
8. A man’s testes produce sperm cells which are ejected through ducts during
ejaculation.
9. Each testis contains two to three highly coiled tubes, the seminiferous
tubules, and this is where sperms develop.
10. The sperm cells continue to mature along the epididymis.
I am sure that you truly enjoyed learning these new ideas. Now, let us try to
remember the concepts that you have learned today. Ready, set, go!
Direction: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. (15 points)
1. How does the male reproductive system function?
2. What are the parts of the male reproductive system?
3. What is the function of each part?
What I Can Do
DIFFERENTIATED TASK: MARVELOUS BOY!
Directions: Choose only ONE TASK among the following activities.
A. Collect clippings or articles regarding the effect of alcohol and smoking to the
male reproductive system. Summarize your work and make an E-portfolio.
B. Do a research on a sexually transmitted disease among males. Read about the
name of the disease and its causes. Make a multimedia presentation of your
output.
What I Have Learned
Well done! You have just
accomplished the activity on the male
reproductive system. You may now
proceed to the next. Have fun!

8
C. Make a poster with a slogan about the ways on how to take good care of the
male reproductive system.
D. Make a digital art about the ways on how to take care of the male reproductive
system. Post it on your Facebook account and share your thoughts about it.
E. Make a poem on your personal experience on how to take care of the male
reproductive system. Post it on your Instagram account and share your thoughts
about it.
RUBRIC FOR SELF-CHECK
(To be used by the teacher in rating the output)
Accuracy of the Content 30 %
Organization and Coherence of Idea 20 %
Clarity of the Message 20 %
Creativity 20 %
Completeness 10 %
TOTAL 100 %
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. When does the reproductive system of humans become active?
B. When an individual reaches high school. D. When an individual reaches poverty.
2. Which of the following structures of the male reproductive system is responsible in
producing sperm cells?
3. How can sperm be ejected?
4. The __________ carries the sperm from the testes to the urethra.
6. How does the urethra function?
A. It carries the sperm out of the body. C. It provides a milky liquid.
B. It produces sperm cells. D. It secretes semen.
7. The __________ is a tightly coiled series of thread-like tubules.
A. epididymis B. vas deferens C. urethra D. Cowper’s gland
8. What happens to the scrotum in cold temperatures?
A. becomes firm and wrinkled C. becomes firm and rounded
B. becomes stretched and wrinkled D. becomes firm and stretched
Assessment

9
9. Which of the following best describes the Cowper’s gland?
A. A mucous secreting gland located at the top of the penis.
B. A mucous secreting gland located at the base of the penis.
C. A gland that provides liquid in which sperm cells can swim.
D. A gland that produces sperm cells.
10. The __________ is an accessory organ for reproduction.
11. What structure holds the testis?
12. The __________ secretes one of the components of the semen.
A. seminal vesicle B. prostate gland C. Cowper’s gland D. seminal vesicle
13. Which of the following is the male sex hormone?
A. testes B. ovaries C. testosterone D. estrogen
14. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The urethra is a pathway for urine only. C. The urethra is a pathway for sperm.
B. The urethra is a pathway for fluids. D. The urethra is a pathway for the urine
and male reproductive fluids.
15. How does the prostate gland function?
A. It secretes milky fluids. C. It secretes blood.
B. It secretes mucous. D. It secretes sweat and fluids.
THE SPERM CHALLENGE
When a man ejaculates, about 200 to 500 million sperm cells are in the semen
but only less than one percent of them make it to the egg. Releasing them in millions
increases their chance in finding the egg. In reality, the sperm faces a lot of obstacles
just to reach the egg as proven by the following:
1. millions already die in the vagina because of its acidic environment;
2. some do not have enough energy to continue the journey;
3. some go to the oviduct or fallopian tube that does not contain the egg;
4. some are blocked in the mucus covering the cervix; and
5. abnormal sperm cells which resulted from their mass production are
unable to fertilize an egg.
For a more enriched learning about the male reproductive system, you may
watch the following offline videos:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N66sAZH1VA8&t=109s
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5sYj_CcIsvw
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XQcnO4iX_U
Additional Activities

10
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djqqao2Uebo
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAy1-RrOKG4
After watching the video, take time in answering the questions below.
Guide Questions
1. How are sperm cells formed?
2. Why are sperm cells released in millions when only one sperm and
one egg would complete the fertilization process?
3. What is the role of testosterone in the male reproductive system?

11
Lesson
2
The Female
Reproductive System
What I Need to Know
1. identify the parts that make up the female reproductive system;
2. describe the parts of the female reproductive system; and
3. give the functions of these parts.
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a function of the female reproductive system?
A. produces female sex cells C. produces male sex hormones
B. produces male sex cells D. protects the reproductive tissues
2. What part of the female reproductive system receives the penis during intercourse?
A. ovary B. oviduct C. uterus D. vagina
3. Which structure produces egg cells?
4. The _________is the passageway of eggs from the ovary to the uterus.
What I Know
In this specific lesson,
you will learn about the
female reproductive
system.

12
5. Which of the following statements best describes the uterus?
A. It produces egg cells.
B. It is the same place where the egg is fertilized.
C. It is the place where the fertilized egg develops.
D. It receives the male’s penis during mating.
6. The __________is the neck of the uterus leading to the vaginal canal.
A. oviduct B. cervix C. endometrium D. hymen
7. It is the thin mucous membrane which covers the vaginal opening.
A. endometrium B. ovary C. oviduct D. hymen
8. Which of the following parts contains the external genitalia?
A. vestibule C. vagina
B. urethra D. mammary glands
9. Which of the following describes an egg cell?
A. gamete B. gonads C. chromosome D. zygote
10. What is the female organ for copulation?
11. What happens when successful implantation happens?
A. The female is considered pregnant. C. It results to hormonal imbalance.
B. Menstruation occurs. D. All of the choices.
12. Which of the following is contained in the ovary?
A. follicles B. sperm cells C. gonads D. fundus
13. What is the function of the follicles?
A. nurture eggs C. produces gametes
B. produces zygote D. nourishes gonads
14. It is the small erectile structure of the female reproductive system.
A. areola B. clitoris C. hymen D. fundus
15. What happens to the cervix prior to the female’s delivery?
A. dilates or opens C. reduces its size
B. contracts D. all of the choices
In the previous lesson, you have learned that the male reproductive system consists
of important structures such as the testes, penis, scrotum, epididymis, vas deferens,
urethra, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, and Cowper’s glands. The male reproductive
system is responsible for secreting the male sex hormone, the production of sperm cells
and as well as the transfer of sperm cells.
What’s In

13
What’s New
LET’S TRY THIS!
Direction: Observe the picture found at the center of the model. Connect your
observations to your prior knowledge and also make some
inferences. Put your answers in each box.
What Is It
Most organ systems of the body show a little difference for the male and female
organs except in the case of the reproductive system. There is a difference between the
male and the female reproductive systems, although they also share a number of
similarities. The male and female reproductive organs are developed from the same
embryological structures, and some hormones are the same for them both although they
produce different responses. The female reproductive system has the following functions:
1. production of female sex cells
2. production of female sex hormones
3. reception of sperm cells from the male
4. nurturing the development of and providing nourishment for the new
individual
Were you able to connect your
observations to your prior knowledge and
to make inferences? Great! The picture
found at the center of the model is called
the Female Reproductive System.
Figure 2.1 Frayer’s Model

14
Figure 2.2 shows the parts of the female reproductive system. The female
reproductive system performs female sexual and child-bearing functions. It consists
of a pair of gonads or the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the uterus, the vagina, and the
external genitalia or the vulva. Each organ performs related functions such as to
produce eggs, to produce hormones, to receive the sperm cells that will fertilize the
eggs, and to provide for the development of the embryo.
The following describes the function of each part:
Part Function
Ovary produces egg cells
Oviduct serves as the passageway of eggs from the ovary to the
uterus and also the same place where the egg is
fertilized
Uterus develops the fertilized egg
Vagina receives the penis of the male during mating
Read on to get more key information about these parts.
The Ovaries
There are two ovaries each comparable to the size of an almond nut in every
female. It is suspended in the pelvic cavity by a ligament. The ligament extends from each
ovary to the lateral body wall, and the ovarian ligament. The ovary contains an ovarian
follicle, which contains an oocyte or the female germ cell. When follicles mature, they
expand and rupture to release the egg. This process is called ovulation. After ovulation, the
remaining cells of the ruptured follicle transform into a glandular structure known as the
corpus luteum.
Fallopian Tubes
The fallopian tubes extend from the area of the ovaries to the uterus. The long and
thin processes called fimbriae surround the opening of each uterine tube. Fertilization
usually occurs in the part of the uterine tube near the ovary.
Figure 2.2 The parts of the female reproductive system

15
Uterus
The uterus is as big as a medium-sized pear. Internally, the uterine cavity continues
through the cervix as the cervical canal, which opens into the vagina. The larger rounded
part is directed superiorly. The part of the uterus superior to the entrance of the uterine
tubes is called the fundus. The main part is called the body, and the narrower part is the
cervix, directed inferiorly.
Vagina
The vagina is the female organ for copulation and it functions to receive the penis
during intercourse. It also allows menstrual flow and childbirth. This extends from the uterus
to the outside of the body. In young females, the vaginal opening is covered by a thin
mucous membrane called the hymen. The hymen can completely close the vaginal opening,
in which case it must be removed to allow menstrual flow. This can be torn at some earlier
time in a young female’s life during a variety of activities which may include strenuous
exercise. The condition of the hymen is therefore not a reliable indicator of virginity.
External Genitalia
Figure 2.3 shows the female external genitalia. The female external genitalia
contain the vestibule and its surrounding structures. Vestibule is the space into which the
vagina and urethra open. A pair of thin, longitudinal skin folds called the labia minora
borders the vestibule. A small erectile structure called the clitoris is located in the anterior
margin of the vestibule. The two labia minora unite over the clitoris to form a fold of skin
called the prepuce skin.
Mammary Glands
Figure 2.3 The female external genitalia
Figure 2.4 The human mammary glands

16
The mammary glands are shown on the previous page. These are the organs for
milk production which are located in the breasts. The mammary glands are also considered
as the modified sweat glands.
Externally, each breast of both males and females has a raised nipple surrounded by
the circular, pigmented areola. Each breast consists of around 15-20 glandular lobes
covered by a considerable amount of fat tissue. It is this fat that gives the breast its form.
A woman’s ovaries contain follicles that nurture eggs and produce sex
hormones. Oviducts convey eggs to the uterus where a fertilized egg
develops. The uterus opens into the vagina, which receives the penis during
intercourse and serves as the birth canal.
The pair of ovaries, lying on the right and left depressions of the
upper pelvic cavity, produces the mature egg cell. This mature egg cell is
swept by the tiny finger-like projections of the oviducts or fallopian tubes. The
egg moves along this tube with the help of the tiny hair or cilia that line the
fallopian tubes. These tubes extend until the uterus. The uterus, an inverted
pear-shaped muscular organ, is where the embryo attaches, specifically on its
inner wall, the endometrium.
A female is considered pregnant when successful implantation happens.
The cervix, an important reproductive part during birthing, is the neck of the
uterus leading to the vaginal canal. It dilates or opens before the delivery of a
female. The vagina, on the other hand, is a long, elastic, muscular canal where
menstrual blood and tissues are expelled from the body. The walls of the vagina
provide lubrication and it receives the penis during copulation. This organ also
expands during intercourse and childbirth.
YOU COMPLETE ME!
In this activity, you will identify the parts of the female reproductive system and their
functions.
Direction: Complete the table below.
Part Function
What’s More
Well done! You have just finished an
activity on the female reproductive system.
You may now proceed to the next section.
Here we go!

17
What I Have Learned
Try to answer the questions below to check your understanding on this topic.
Direction: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. (15 points)
1. How does the female reproductive system function?
2. What are the parts of the female reproductive system?
3. What is the function of each part?
What I Can Do
DIFFERENTIATED TASK: WONDERFUL GIRL
Direction: Choose only ONE TASK from the following activities.
A. Go to the nearest health center in your place and interview a health officer. Ask
him/her about the ways on how to take good care of the female reproductive
system. Ask them also about their population control program. List down their
programs and take note of the family planning methods that are available and
how they administer them to the community. If possible, try to familiarize
yourself with the devices available in the health center.
B. Do a research on a female sexually transmitted disease. Read about the name
of the disease and its causes. Make a multimedia presentation of your output.
C. Make a poster with a slogan about the ways on how to take proper care of the
female reproductive system.
Creativity 20 %
Completeness 10 %
TOTAL 100 %
Assessment
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.
1. Which of the following is a function of the female reproductive system?
A. produces female sex cells C. produces male sex hormones
B. produces male sex cells D. protects the reproductive tissues

18
2. What part of the female reproductive system receives the penis during intercourse?
3. Which structure produces egg cells?
4. The _________is the passageway of eggs from the ovary to the uterus.
5. Which of the following statements best describes the uterus?
A. It produces egg cells.
B. It is the same place where the egg is fertilized.
C. It is the place where the fertilized egg develops.
D. It receives the male’s penis during mating.
6. The __________is the neck of the uterus leading to the vaginal canal.
8. Which of the following parts contains the external genitalia?
11. What happens when successful implantation happens?
A. The female is considered pregnant. C. It results to hormonal imbalance.
B. Menstruation occurs. D. All of the choices.
12. Which of the following is contained in the ovary?
A. follicles B. sperm cells C. gonads D. fundus
13. What is the function of a follicle?
A. nurtures eggs C. produces gametes
B. produces zygote D. nourishes gonads
14. It is the small erectile structure of the female reproductive system.
A. areola B. clitoris C. hymen D. fundus
15. What happens to the cervix prior to a female’s delivery?
A. dilates or opens C. reduces its size
B. contracts D. all of the choices

19
 Follow up the lesson with film viewing. Watch the offline video of the “Miracle of life”
through this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lM2-8se6pp8
 See attached offline videos on these links:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N66sAZH1VA8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8fgm-zEYjQ
After watching the offline videos, make a reflection.
Reflection:

20
1. identify the major endocrine glands in the body and their functions;
2. identify which gland is involved in a dysfunction; and
3. explain the effect of hormonal imbalance.
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.
1. An organ that develops a secretion is a/an __________.
A. estrogen B. hormone C. gland D. progesterone
2. A _____________ is a chemical secretion of the endocrine glands.
A. blood B. gland C. hormone D. vessel
3. The following are the functions of the endocrine system EXCEPT for ____.
A. mental development C. sexual development
B. physical development D. spiritual development
4. The gland that controls all the endocrine glands is the _________.
A. hypothalamus B. pituitary gland C. thalamus D. thyroid gland
5. The major glands in the body are the following EXCEPT for ________.
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thymus
6. What gland regulates the body metabolism?
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thalamus
7. Which of the following controls maturation and the male characteristics?
A. adrenal B. ovaries C. pancreas D. testes
8. The ________influences female traits and supports the reproductive function.
A. adrenal B. ovary C. pancreas D. testis
Lesson
3
The Endocrine System
What I Need to Know
What I Know
For this lesson,
prepare to meet the
endocrine system.

21
9. This play an important role in both male and female reproductive systems.
10. Hormones can cause a series of chemical reactions within the __________.
A. glands B. organs C. tissues D. target cells
11. Which of the following is known as the emergency hormone?
A. adrenalin B. androgen C. estrogen D. progesterone
12. It regulates the blood sugar level.
A. pancreas B. parathyroid C. pituitary D. thyroid
13. Which part enables the body to produce certain antibodies?
14. Which of the following glands controls the calcium levels in the body and
normalizes bone growth?
15. This contains a group of glands that releases hormones in the body.
A. Circulatory System C. Nervous System
B. Endocrine System D. Respiratory System
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned that the female reproductive system
performs female sexual and childbearing functions. It consists of the ovaries, fallopian
tubes, the uterus, the vagina, and the external genitalia or the vulva. These organs
perform related functions to produce eggs, to produce hormones, to receive the sperm
cells that will fertilize the egg and to provide nourishment for the development of the
embryo.
WHO AM I?
Direction: Read each of the following riddles and decide which part of the endocrine
system is being described. Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the correct
answer.
A. Pituitary gland E. Adrenal gland
B. Thyroid gland F. Pancreas
C. Parathyroid gland G. Testes
D. Thymus gland H. Ovaries
1. I secrete a hormone which helps to stimulate the lymphoid cells to produce T-
cells. I am the vanishing gland. You need me most during your early
childhood years and I begin to disappear when you reach puberty. I am a
member of the endocrine system and lymphatic system. Who am I?
What’s New

22
2. I am a good friend of the sympathetic nervous system and I play a role in
preparing your body to handle emergencies. There are two of me in your
body and I help you decide whether to fight or flight. Who am I?
3. You can thank me for all the muscles you have and your deep voice. I am
also the reason why you shave every day. I play a role in reproduction by
allowing you to produce sperm cells. Who am I?
4. I control your mood. I control how sweet you are. I keep your blood sugar
within the normal limits. If your blood sugar is too high, I produce insulin and
if it is too low, I produce glucagon. I also play a role in your digestion. Who
am I?
5. I am very tiny but I do a lot of tasks in your endocrine system. I help you grow
and develop. I provide milk for nursing moms. The back part of me helps
maintain the balance of water in your body. Moreover, when I release my
hormone oxytocin, it will cause the uterus to contract so a new life can be
born. Who am I?
6. Many people say I am shaped like a butterfly. I increase metabolism. Mental
and physical activities are also influenced by me. Who am I?
What Is It
As you go through this lesson, you will be able to understand the role of hormones in
the body. In addition, you should be able to identify the major endocrine glands in the body
and their key functions.
Many endocrine glands make up your endocrine system. One function of this system
is to regulate reproduction and other closely-associated phenomena. This system also helps
you to cope with the changes in the environment. In addition, the endocrine system is
responsible for many reactions such as influencing how your heart beats, how your bones and
tissues develop, and even your capacity to have a baby. It plays an essential role in the
occurrence of disorders such as diabetes, thyroid disease, growth disorders, and/or sexual
dysfunction. Your endocrine glands also secrete chemicals, called hormones, into the
bloodstream which carries them throughout the body. When a hormone in the blood reaches
the target organ, it produces a significant effect. Moreover, the endocrine system sends
signals all over the body, much like the nervous system. However, unlike the instant
responses activated by the nervous system, the effects can take a few hours or even weeks.
Were you able to solve the riddles?
Good job! The endocrine system is
composed of glands that secrete different
type of hormones that affect the body
processes.

23
Functions of the Hormones
Hormones help regulate body processes such as growth, development,
metabolism, and response to stimuli. They are like chemical messengers that transport a
signal from one cell to another. Since they circulate all throughout the body, they can
affect many body parts even those situated distance away from the cells that secrete
them. Some processes in the body are coordinated by hormones which regulate and
balance the working of organs, tissues, and cells. Both men and women produce
hormones in the same areas with one exception, the reproductive glands. Extra male
hormones are produced in the testes while female hormones are produced in the ovaries.
In terms of their body effects, they can also vary. Some hormones have short-term effects
while other hormones have influence even in the long term such as those that control our
growth and the changes at the onset of puberty.
During puberty, there are many hormonal changes that happen in your body. One
moment you are laughing, and then suddenly, you feel like crying. Sudden mood swings
are relatively caused by the increasing amount of hormones in the body at this stage. It is
therefore important to maintain a positive outlook in life and remember that these changes
are only temporary and will stabilize with time.
Another significant fact about hormones is that they act in very small amounts. If
the organ and hormones do not produce the regulated amount of chemicals to your body, it
may result to an abnormality. This condition is called hormonal imbalance. An increase or
decrease in the hormonal amount may have a significant effect to the body.
The table below shows the functions of the endocrine glands, their location, their
functions, and the hormones that they release.
Gland Location Hormones Released Function
Pituitary
at the base
of the brain
Oxytocin, Vasopressin,
Growth Hormone,
Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone (ACTH),
Prolactin, Luteinizing
Hormone, Follicle
Stimulating Hormone
(FSH)
stimulates growth;
controls the
functions of other
glands
Figure 3.1 The parts of the endocrine system

24
Thyroid
below the
voice box
Thyroxin, Calcitonin
regulates body
metabolism; causes
storage of calcium in
the bones
Parathyroid in the neck Parathyromone
controls the
calcium levels in
your body;
normalizes bone
growth
Thymus in front of the
heart
Thymosin
enables the
body to
produce
certain
antibodies
Adrenal
on top of the
kidneys Adrenaline
prepares the body
for action; controls
the heart rate and
breathing in times
of emergency
Pancreas
between the
kidneys
Insulin, Glucagon
regulates blood
sugar levels
Reproductive
-Testes
(Male)
lower
abdomen
Androgen,
Testosterone
control maturation
and male
characteristics
-Ovaries
(Female)
lower
abdomen
Estrogen,
Progesterone
influence female
traits; support
reproductive
function
During an emergency, can you still recall how the ambulance driver coped with the
situation by driving efficiently? What do you think is the hormone responsible for this?
Adrenalin is the emergency hormone which helps the driver respond quickly and
accordingly.
The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it regulates many body
processes. The body needs certain hormones in different types of situations. In other
words, your endocrine glands do not release hormones continuously. Some signals within
your body tell each gland when to secrete hormones. There are also signals that tell the
Figure 3.2 The pituitary and pineal glands

25
gland to stop.
A good example of a gland that signals other glands to function is the pituitary
gland. For most living organisms, reproduction is basically a normal process controlled by
hormones. Even though human reproduction is also controlled by hormones, the process
is more complicated. Unlike other species such as plants and animals, you can make
decisions about reproduction. What can influence these decisions are your values,
emotions, expectations, and goals. However, like any other living things, humans depend
on reproduction for the survival of the species. If people stop to reproduce, the human
species would become extinct.
ARE YOU CONTROLLING ME?
In this activity, identify the major endocrine glands in the body and their functions
Direction: Study each picture in the table that depicts the involvement of a certain gland in
the endocrine system. Complete the table by choosing the CAPITAL LETTER of the
endocrine part or gland and explain its effect in the appropriate column. Finally,
answer more guide questions to deepen your mastery on the topic.
A. Pancreas D. Adrenal Gland
B. Thymus Gland E. Ovaries
C. Pituitary Gland
Activity Illustration Part/Gland & the Effect
A kid eating candies
An ill person in bed
A boy growing taller
An ambulance driver beating
the time
What’s More

26
Burning calories during
exercise
Guide Questions
A. Fill in the blanks to make the statements correct.
1. Which gland controls the other glands in the body?
The ______________ controls the output of the other glands in the body.
2. Which gland is located below the voice box?
The ______________ is located below the voice box.
3. Which gland is located on the thyroid glands?
The ______________ is located on the thyroid glands and produces
parathormone that increases blood calcium levels and normalizes bone
growth.
4. Which gland produces parathormone?
The ______________ produces parathormone that increases blood calcium
levels and normalizes bone growth.
5. Which organ is involved when the blood sugar becomes unstable?
The ______________ is involved when blood sugar level becomes unstable.
6. Which gland produces T-cells?
The ______________ enables the body to produce T- cells that help in fighting
infections and diseases.
7. Which gland can develop the adaptive immune system?
A person born without a ______________ will not develop an adaptive
immune system and may eventually die.
8. Which gland enables the body to produce energy?
The ______________produces adrenaline that enables the body to have
the energy in doing spontaneous work during emergency situations.
9. What type of pills control the functioning of the ovaries and uterus?
______________ pills contain hormones that control the functioning of the ovaries
and the uterus.
10. What hormones are responsible for milk production?
______________ and ______________ enable milk production which provides the
needed nourishment of a baby.
Direction: Answer the following question. (15 points)
Make a concept map about the Endocrine System.
What I Have Learned

27
What I Can Do
DIFFERENTIATED TASK: AWESOME ENDOCRINOLOGIST
Direction: Choose only ONE TASK from the following choices:
A.Go to the nearest hospital in your place and interview an endocrinologist to explain
the different medical conditions related with hormonal imbalance. Record your
data and make a multimedia presentation.
B. Make a canvas mural with a slogan regarding the effect of a particular hormone in
the body if not properly regulated.
C. Make a poster on the effect of a particular hormone in the body if not properly
regulated.
D. Compose a song with lyrics focusing on the effects of a particular hormone in the
body if not properly regulated.
E. Produce a newscast on the effect of a particular hormone in the body if not properly
regulated.
F. Write an essay about how health conditions can affect your life if you ever have
dysfunctions due to the effect of hormonal imbalance.
Creativity 20 %
Completeness 10 %
TOTAL 100 %
Assessment
Directions: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.
1. An organ that develops a secretion is a/an __________.
2. A _____________ is the chemical secretion of endocrine glands.
A. blood B. gland C. hormone D. vessel
3. The following are the functions of the endocrine system EXCEPT for ________.
A. mental development C. sexual development
B. physical development D. spiritual development
4. The gland that controls all the endocrine glands is the _________.
A. hypothalamus B. pituitary gland C. thalamus D. thyroid gland
5. The major glands in the body are the following EXCEPT for ______.
6. Which gland regulates the body metabolism?
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thalamus

28
7. Which of the following controls maturation and the male characteristics?
8. The ________influence female traits and support reproductive function.
9. This plays an important role in both male and female reproductive systems.
10. Hormones can cause a series of chemical reactions within __________.
A. glands B. organs C. tissues D. target cells
11. Which of the following is known as the emergency hormone?
12. It regulates the blood sugar level.
13. Which part enables the body to produce certain antibodies?
14. Which of the following glands controls the calcium levels in the body and
normalizes bone growth?
15. This contains a group of glands that releases hormones in the body.
In this activity, you are expected to explain about hormonal imbalances.
A. Directions: Identify which gland in the endocrine system is involved in the following
dysfunction and explain the effect of hormonal imbalance that was observed.
Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
Dwarfism Gigantism

29
_____________________
_____________________
B. Guide Questions
1. What condition may result if the pituitary gland is not producing enough growth
hormones?
2. What will happen to a person with too much secretion of growth hormones from
the pituitary gland?
3. Why is there an observable swelling in the front part of the neck of a person who
has a goiter?
4. How does iodized salt help in in the prevention of thyroid problems?
5. How does the medical condition of a person with endocrine dysfunction affect his
way of life?
Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer. Write the CAPITAL LETTER only.
1. When does the reproductive system among humans become active?
B. When an individual reaches high school. D. When an individual reaches puberty.
2. Which of the following structures is responsible in producing sperm cells?
3. How can a sperm be ejected?
4. It carries the sperm from the testes to the urethra.
6. Which of the following is the neck of the uterus leading to the vaginal canal?
Assessment (Unit Test)
Goiter

30
8. It contains the external genitalia.
11. This is known as the emergency hormone.
12. Which of the following regulates the blood sugar level?
13. Which of the following enables the body to produce certain antibodies?
14. It controls the calcium levels in the body and normalizes the bone growth.
15. It contains a group of glands that releases hormones in the body.

31
What's
More
1.
A
2.
B
3.
A
4.
A
5.
A
6.
B
7.
A
8.
A
9.
A
10.
A
What
I
Know
1.
D
2.
D
3.
A
4.
A
5.
B
6.
A
7.
A
8.
A
9.
B
10.B
11.C
12.A
13.A
14.D
15.A
Assessment
1.
A
2.
D
3.
A
4.
B
5.
C
6.
B
7.
D
8.
A
9.
A
10.
C
11.
A
12.
A
13.
A
14.
B
15.
B
What
I
Know
1.
A
2.
D
3.
A
4.
B
5.
C
6.
B
7.
D
8.
A
9.
A
10.
C
11.
A
12.
A
13.
A
14.
B
15.
B
Answer Key
Lesson 1
Assessment
1.
D
2.
D
3.
A
4.
A
5.
B
6.
A
7.
A
8.
A
9.
B
10.B
11.C
12.A
13.A
14.D
15.A
Lesson 2

32
What's
More
1.
a
2.
b
3.
c
4.
d
5.
e
1.
Pituitary
Gland
2.
Thyroid
Gland
3.
Parathyroid
Gland
4.
Parathyroid
Gland
5.
Pancreas
6.
Thymus
Gland
7.
Thymus
Gland
8.
Adrenal
Gland
9.
Birth
Control
10.
Oxytocin
and
Prolactin
What
I
Know
1.
C
2.
C
3.
D
4.
D
5.
D
6.
C
7.
D
8.
B
9.
B
10.
D
11.
A
12.
A
13.
D
14.
B
15.
B
ASSESSMENT
1.
D
2.
D
3.
A
4.
A
5.
B
6.
B
7.
D
8.
A
9.
A
10.
C
11.
A
12.
A
13.
D
14.
B
15.
B
Lesson 3
Assessment
1.
C
2.
C
3.
D
4.
D
5.
D
6.
C
7.
D
8.
B
9.
B
10.
D
11.
A
12.
A
13.
D
14.
B
15.
B

33
References
Campbell, Neil. 1996. Biology 4th ed. California: Benjamin Cummings Publishing.
Capco, Carmelita. 2003. Phoenix Science Series Biology. Quezon Avenue, Quezon
City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Capco, Carmelita and Gilbert C. Yang. 2010. Phoenix Science Series Biology.
Quezon Avenue, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Companies, Inc, Mader. 2001. Biology 7th ed. USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.
Reece, Jane B. et al. 2012. Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections. Jurong,
Singapore: Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd.
Religioso, Teresita F. 2015. You and the Natural World Science. Quezon Ave,
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
Science 10 Learners’ Module. Philippines: Department of Education.

34
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education –Learning Resources Management and
Development Center(LRMDC)
DepEd Division of Bukidnon
Sumpong, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph

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