Scope of microbiology in different field
- 1. scope OF MICROBIOLOGY (B.Sc.-I) By Dr. Rachana Choudhary Asstt. Prof. Department of Microbiology Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya,Junwani ,Bhilai
- 2. Synopsis Introduction Field of Microbiology Microorganism and principle of biology Medical microbiology and Immunology Soil microbiology Industrial microbiology Food microbiology Milk and milk product microbiology Water microbiology Sewage microbiology Air microbiology Genetic engineering Microorganisms in oil recovery Microorganisms and energy Microorganisms and mining Conclusion References
- 3. What is Microbiology? • Micro - too small to be seen with the naked eye • Bio - life • logy - study of
- 4. Field of Microbiology Microorganism and principle of biology • Microorganisms help understanding the various principle of Biology as they consist of many characteristic which make them ideal for the investigation of important biological phenomena. Microbes - Extremely useful as experimental materials. • Simple , Grow rapidly • Can culture in large quantities in test tubes, flasks, require less space and maintenance than large plants and animals. • Easy – to – work –with material for studying complex processes of metabolism.(e.g. certain bacteria produce within 20 minutes)
- 5. Medical microbiology and immunology Medical microbiology deals with disease producing organisms in human beings whereas immunology deals with the defence the body put up against the pathogens. the disease causing microorganisms and the factors which explain resistance to disease. The medical microbiology and immunology furnishes the basic knowledge on which depend the practical methods employed for the laboratory diagnosis and prevention of microbial diseases. It, therefore gives us a sound foundation for the intelligent promotion of both the individual and the public health.
- 7. Soil microbiology Soil microbiology deals with the microorganism present in and their role in soil. the most important function of soil microorganisms is To decompose various kind of organic matter. The process of mineralization of various organic constituent mineralization of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur via respective cycle alternation by soil microorganisms makes these elements available for reuse by plants and other organisms. As we know microbes improve the fertility of soil by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compound which are radially used by plants to synthesise protein and other complex organic nitrogenous compounds.
- 9. Industrial Microbiology Industrial microbiology is that branch of microbiology which deals with the utility of microorganisms in industrial production of medicines, food supplements ,alcohols, beverages, organic acid ,vitamins, enzyme etc. Probably the most significant industrial use of microorganisms was the production of antibiotics, the Wonder drugs. however 40 years ago only a small group of microorganisms where conventionally refers to us industrially useful microorganisms but today it is realised that every microorganism has its own industrial importance. The commercially beneficial activities of a large number of bacteria, yeasts, molds and algae are being exploited,or deserve to be exploited to obtain valuable products.
- 12. Food microbiology Food microbiology deals with the emphasis upon the relationship of microorganisms to the manufacture, deterioration and preservation of foods. Since men,s food supply consists basically of plants and animals or products derived from them. It is understandable that our food supply can contain microorganisms in interactions with food. To ensure that food is free of harmful microorganisms and is safe for human consumption, it must be carefully prepared, processed and stored. Besides many other microorganisms are of great use to humans because the fermentation of various raw materials by them result in food like Oriental food, bread etc.
- 13. Milk and milk product microbiology
- 14. Milk and milk product microbiology This branch deals with the microorganisms present in and their role in milk and milk products. Milk is an excellent food for humans or microorganisms. The milk when it leaves the uddar of a healthy cow contains more or less no microorganisms. It generally becomes contaminated in handling and processing therefore if it is not properly stored and treated the microorganisms grow rapidly and spoil and make it unsafe for human consumption. Besides, some microorganisms are used in the manufacture of various milk products such as cheese butter etc.
- 15. Water microbiology Water has curious and unusual property and play an important role in living system. The natural source of water is precipitation. As the water precipitates it picks up airborne microorganisms. When it comes in contact with the soil, other microorganisms get into it from the soil, sewage, organic waste dead plants and animals. Therefore, water for human use must be made free from microorganisms by filtration and or chemical treatment to avoid harm.
- 16. Sewage microbiology Raw sewage generally contains million of microorganisms per millilitre. Many of them are pathogenic bad odour and taste producing it is essential that the sewage be treated to remove pathogenic and offensive odour and taste causing microorganisms. This is done by chemical treatment and oxidizing organic material and destroying pathogenic microorganisms.
- 17. Air microbiology Although there may be a variety of microorganisms in the air, their number is affected because the air does not contains adequate source of nutrients. The room-air is generally contaminated by sneezing, coughing and talking the airborne microorganisms give rise to serious problems in scientific experiments via contaminating the equipments, materials etc. They spoil our food and food-products, and they, most significantly are responsible for many diseases in plants and animals including humans. Therefore air, particularly room-air must be sanitized by mechanical and chemical treatments to destroy harmful microorganisms.
- 19. Genetic engineering Genetic engineering deals with the manipulation of genes under highly controllable laboratory conditions. This newly born technique has attracted the attention of microbiologist and is being applied in the food and drug industries, waste disposal, medicine, agriculture, oil pollution, and others.
- 21. Microorganisms in oil recovery Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris this gum is an inert compound which thickens water and improves its ability to drive out oil trapped underground. When mixed with drilling muds, this gum also serves as a lubricant for the giant drills as they penetrate the Rock.
- 22. Microorganisms in oil recovery
- 23. Microorganisms and Energy Microbial processes constitutes useful, though un conventional source of energy especially in developing countries. At present, many microorganisms are being exploited or being thought to be exploited, as alternative sources of energy, biogas is a good example. Alcohol produced by microbial fermentation is added to petroleum products to supplement the scarce fuels. Microorganisms synthesise hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons either of which measure as liquid fuel
- 24. Microorganisms and mining Deposit of many important high grade ores are diminishing at an alarming rate, and traditional methods of mining low-grade ores are often prohibitively expensive. Microbial mining may provide a viable alternative in some cases such as copper and uranium.
- 25. Conclusion Humans manipulate microbes to do work for them in industry, medicine, and in caring for the environment. Microbiology is a complex discipline which includes many branches studying different aspects of microbes Infectious diseases are caused by microbes acting as parasites. There are differences in infectious diseases affecting developing and industrialized countries.
- 26. References • General Microbiology by R.P. Singh • Google search • General Microbiology by P.D. Sharma
- 27. THANK YOU