Scrapping for Pennies: How to implement security without a budget

Scrapping for Pennies
Implementing CIS Top 20 with no budget
Ryan Wisniewski
Principle Security Consultant
Active Defense, LLC
March 1, 2019
©2018 Active Defense, LLC. All rights reserved

SECURITY IMPLEMENTATION TALKS: AN ACTIVE DEFENSE SERIES
©2018 Active Defense, LLC. All rights reserved 2
Starting from Scratch
0Day to HeroDay
Starting from Basic IT Implementations
Scrapping for Pennies
Maturing to a Scalable Operation
Scaling the Mountain

EXECUTIVE PERSPECTIVE
SALES
R&D
FINANCE
IT
SECURITY
- Advertising
- Sales Growth
?
- New Products
- New Efficiencies
- New Investments
- New Efficiencies
- ???

MORE INVESTMENT = PREVENT ATTACKS!
Spending on cybersecurity in the United
States from 2010 to 2018 (in billion $)
Global number of cyber security
incidents from 2009 to 2015 (in millions)

MORE INVESTMENT = PREVENT ATTACKS!
Due to investments in infrastructure for growth and spending to
bolster security, Facebook CFO Dave Wehner said capital
expenditures in 2018 are forecast to double from $7 billion to
$14 billion
NOVEMBER 1, 2017
On the afternoon of Tuesday, September 25, our engineering
team discovered a security issue affecting almost 50 million
accounts
SEPTEMBER 28, 2018

SPEAK THEIR LANGUAGE!
EXECUTIVES UNDERSTAND RISK! WE MITIGATE RISK!
EXAMPLE:
Incidents/week
650
We investigate
Incidents/week
950
We encounter To keep up with demand, we need to spend $15,000 on a new tool that
will allow for 300 Incidents/week
If we choose not to, we will allow 300 incidents per day, increasing our
probability for breach by 33%. We estimate an average breach would
cost $1.5mil. The increase of 33% risk is equal to $495k/year.

PROBLEM IS…
Incidents/year
650
We investigate
Incidents/day
950
We encounter To keep up with demand, we need to spend $15,000 on a new tool that
will allow for 150 Incidents/day
If we choose not to, we will allow 300 incidents per day, increasing our
probability for breach by 33%. We estimate an average breach would
cost $1.5mil. The increase of 33% risk is equal to $495k/year.
THIS IS VERY HARD TO GET AT!!!

Implementation of the CIS Top 20
Step 1:
Discover
Step 2:
Define
Step 3:
Enforce
Step 4:
Monitor

Functionality
Systems do things for us
Security
Systems protect us
Convenience
Systems make our life easier
It is Security’s job to ensure the ball
stays balanced, NOT JUST DRIFT
THE BALL TOWARDS SECURITY

Step 1: Discover
What are my devices?
What is running on my devices?
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Step 1: Discover
 List all devices on the network

Pingsweep: nmap –sP 10.10.10.0/24 –oA output
Scan Top 100 ports from list: nmap -F -iL list-of-ips.txt –oA output
Scan Specific Port (ie 22): nmap –p 22 -iL list-of-ips.txt –oA output
https://blogs.sans.org/pen-testing/files/2013/10/NmapCheatSheetv1.0.pdf
Pingsweep: masscan 10.0.0.0/8 --ping –oL ips.txt
Scan Specific Port (ie 22): masscan 10.0.0.0/8 –p 22 –oX output.xml
https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX9JXI4l3-E
Step 1: Discover

Step 1: Discover

Step 1: Discover
Get-ItemProperty HKLM:SoftwareWow6432NodeMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionUninstall* |
Select-Object DisplayName, DisplayVersion, Publisher, InstallDate |
Format-Table –AutoSize
 List all software installed on a client machine

Step 2: Define
Privledged Account Usage Policy
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Hardened Image for Clients and Servers
Network Security Framework
Data Classification and Access Policy
Hardened Image for Network Devices

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 No administration from non-admin accounts
 No administration from non-admin workstations
 No default admin passwords
 No Domain Admins
 Implement LAPS
Step 2: Define

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Step 2: Define
 No administration from
non-admin accounts
 No administration from
non-admin workstations
John.Smith@ecorp.com
RDP
ecorpJohn.Smith.Admin
Admin Interface
Database.Server
Firewalls MUST BE TIGHT!
JUMP

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Step 2: Define
Scan
 No default admin passwords
Change
nmap -p80 --script http-
default-accounts 10.0.0.0/8
https://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/http-default-accounts.html
Vault
Long and complex
Don't forget your printers!

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Step 2: Define
 No Domain Admins
• net group "Domain Admins" /domain
• dsget group "CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=ecorp,DC=com" -members

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Step 2: Define
https://github.com/BloodHoundAD

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 Implement LAPS (Local Admin Password Solution)
Step 2: Define
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=46899
1. Push install .msi to clients through GPO
2. Modify AD schema with .ps script from Microsoft
3. Enable LAPS GPO
4. Remove any custom local admins you have

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Hardened Image for Clients and Servers
Step 2: Define
Free SCAP Compliance Audit
Hardened Image for Network Devices

NIST Checklists - https://nvd.nist.gov/ncp/repository

GPOs
Root
Reports
GPOs

GPO Reports

OpenSCAP - https://www.open-scap.org/getting-started/
https://www.open-scap.org/tools/scap-workbench/download-win32
apt-get install scap-workbench
yum install scap-workbench
https://www.open-scap.org/tools/scap-workbench/download-osx
1. Download and install

OpenSCAP - https://www.open-scap.org/getting-started/
2. Load the STIG SCAP contents
3. Scan!
*Limited to only *nix machines…

Qualys FreeScan SCAP Audit - https://www.qualys.com/forms/freescan/scap/

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Step 2: Define
Servers
InternetUsers
System-Conentric View

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Step 2: Define
InternetFinance
HR
IT
Sales
User-Conentric View

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Step 2: Define
RBAC in Network Security
1. Categorize people, systems, applications, websites, etc. by functional role
2. Allow access to those systems, apps, sites to roles
3. Move people into those roles
4. Deny all other access
Role Department Internal Access External Access
Stock Market Analyst Finance US-SAP-FI-001:8505
US-APP-STOCK-001:900
…
Fidelity.com/stocks
Robinhood.com
IT SysAdmin IT ALL (Challenge this) Google.com
Reddit.com

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Step 2: Define
 Turn on client-side firewalls
 Don't allow peer connections

Step 2: Define
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IT Admin
Financial Records
System Configurations
John's Files

Step 2: Define
RBAC in Data
1. Categorize people, systems, applications, websites, etc. By functional role
2. Allow access to those systems, apps, sites to roles
3. Move people into those roles
4. Deny all other access
Role Department Data Location
Stock Market Analyst Finance Historic Purchases
Current Bank Accounts
US-STOCKhist001.xls
US-BANKaccttoday.xls
IT SysAdmin IT Configuration database
Documentation Archive
US-ITconfigs
US-ITdocs
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Step 3: Enforcement
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Implement firewalls on trust boundaries
Encrypt drives and disable writeable USBs
Ensure Secure Wireless Deployments
Ensure Backups
Ensure your AV
Implement DNS Filtering

Step 3: Enforcement
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1. Define your boundaries from your RBAC policy
2. Build a PFSense VM
3. Build the PFSense policy based on your RBAC policy
A firewall is simply a technical implementation
of your written policy. No more, no less

Step 3: Enforcement
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InternetFinance
HR
IT
Sales

PFSENSE - https://www.pfsense.org/
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1. Download ISO https://www.pfsense.org/download/

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2. Install
ESX Guide
https://docs.netgate.com/pfsense/en/late
st/virtualization/virtualizing-pfsense-with-
vmware-vsphere-esxi.html
Hyper-V Guide
st/virtualization/virtualizing-pfsense-with-
hyper-v.html
Bare Metal Guide
st/install/installing-pfsense.html

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3. Configure - https://docs.netgate.com/pfsense/en/latest/config/

Step 3: Enforcement
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Encrypt drives and disable writeable USBs
 Encrypt client hard drives
 No writing to external drives

Step 3: Enforcement
 Encrypt client hard drives
GPO:
Computer Configuration >
Policies >
Administrative Templates >
Windows Components >
BitLocker Drive Encryption
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Step 3: Enforcement
 No writing to external drives
GPO:
Computer Configuration >
Policies >
Administrative Templates >
System >
Removable Storage Access
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Step 3: Enforcement
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Implement DNS Filtering
Pi-hole

Pi-Hole - https://pi-hole.net/
1. Install with this command
curl -sSL https://install.pi-hole.net | bash
2. Configure blocklists
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/setoptz/sysadmin/master/blocklist.txt
3. Update your DHCP to point users to your DNS server
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Step 3: Enforcement
Ensure Secure Wireless Deployments*Ensure Backups*
Ensure your AV*
 No WEP, Use WPA2
 Segment Guest Network from Corporate LAN
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Step 4: Monitor
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Step 4: Monitor
http://www.openvas.org/
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Step 4: Monitor
https://www.tenable.com/products/
nessus/nessus-professional
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Step 4: Monitor
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Full PCAP NIDS/HIDS Analysis/Presentation
Step 4: Monitor
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1. Download ISO
https://github.com/Security-Onion-Solutions/security-onion/blob/master/Verify_ISO.md
Step 4: Monitor
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2. Install
Full Deployment Guide
https://securityonion.readthedocs.i
o/en/latest/ProductionDeployment
Quick Install
https://securityonion.readthedocs.io
/en/latest/QuickISOImage
Step 4: Monitor
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3. HAVE FUN!
Step 4: Monitor
Kibana
Sguil
ELSA Snorby
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3. HAVE FUN!
Step 4: Monitor
…and many more
(+60 tools)
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https://onlinetraining.securityonionso
lutions.com/p/security-onion-101

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Step 5: Homework

65
QUESTIONS?
@RY_WIZ
RYAN@ACTIVEDEFENSE.US
THANK YOU!

Scrapping for Pennies: How to implement security without a budget

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