Scratch handout
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Scratch allows users to create sprites, which are characters that perform actions. Sprites can be selected from pre-made options, painted by the user, or uploaded. Additional costumes can be added to sprites to change their appearance. Backgrounds and sounds can also be added to a Scratch project. Motions are programmed for sprites using scripts to make them move or change appearance. Projects can be started, stopped, and repeated sections can be looped using control blocks.
Scratch handout
- 1. Scratch Sprites • A Sprite is a Character that you use in Scratch. • You can use a pre-made sprite, upload your own sprite, or paint a sprite. • You can also name your Sprite. • Your Sprite may want to have different costumes to change position or to perform actions. Picking Out a Sprite • Once your open Scratch, the pre-made character Scratch/cat will appear. • The current sprite will be highlighted in the bottom-right. • Above that is a navigation bar for a new sprite. Your options are Paint, Choose from a File, or get a Surprise Sprite. • If your Choose Paint: o Click on Paint o Draw your Sprite o Click “OK.” o Your Sprite will appear on the main screen. • If you Choose a Sprite from a File: o Click on the icon that looks like a File. o Click the Costumes file to pick a pre-made Sprite. o If you have one that you made, find the file for which is located. o Select the file and click “OK.” • To get a Surprise Sprite, click the icon with the question mark. o A Surprise Sprite will appear. Naming Your Sprite • One the top of the screen will appear an image of your sprite with the phrase “Sprite1” next to it. • Double Click into the box that has “Sprite1” in it. • Rename Your Sprite.
- 2. Getting Costumes • The Sprite you uploaded will appear as “Costume1.” • To upload more costumes, click “Paint” to paint your own; or click Import to find pre-loaded costumes or pick your own images. • You can name your costumes to make them easier to find. o To Name Your Costumes, click into the boxes labeled “Costume1,” “Costume2,” and etc. Choosing a Background • Click the stage icon in the bottom-right. • Make sure the tab on the left of the main screen is set to background. • You can choose to paint your own background, or import a pre- made background or your own image. Adding Sounds • If you would like to add various sounds to your Scratch Project. • Click onto your Sprite. • Click the tab called Sound on the left. • You can record your own sounds or upload pre-made sounds. • You can add multiple sounds. Making Your Sprite Move • Click the Motion button in the Top-Left. • You can do several motions like moving, turning, and gliding. • To make your sprite move, drag the motion you want your sprite to do to right under the scripts. • You can change the amount of steps, degrees, seconds, or location you want your sprite to move. o To do so, click into the white box to change the number. • To make your Sprite move to the right, make sure the number is positive. • To make your Sprite move to the left, make sure the number is negative.
- 3. Changing the Look of Your Sprite • You can make your Sprite do some crazy things: talk, think, change color, and other crazy effects. Talking: • Choose whether you want your Sprite to Think or Say. • You can have them Say/Think Phrases for an allotted amount of time or Say/Think one thing throughout the entire project. • To have them Say or Think, drag the action over to the right. • Then type in what you want them to Say/Think. o If you want them to say or think multiple things throughout the project, use the timed action. o Connect each phrase together, so the Sprite will form sentences. Creating/Changing Effects: • To have your Sprite perform various effects, like changing color click the “Looks” button. • Use the “Change ____ Effect By __” in your Script. (Drag the action to the right.) • Select from the many effects: color, fisheye, whirl, pixelate, mosaic, brightness, and ghost. • Double-click the action to see it work. Adding Sound • You can add a sound that was pre-loaded into Scratch or your own recorded sound. • You can play the drums, the piano, and other instruments. • You can also change the beat or tempo of an instrument. • Choose the sound that you want and drag the action to the right. • Connect multiple sounds together to create a melody. • Have your Sprite to various motions create a dance.
- 4. Repeating Movements • You can repeat options with the Repeat Action or the Forever Action. • To do this, click the “Controls” button. • Choose either the Repeat Action or the Forever Action. • Put the portion you want to have repeat in the center of the action. Starting and Stopping Your Project • To start and stop your project, click the “Controls” Button. • You can start and stop with a click or start and stop with a key. • Choose the start option you would like and connect it to the beginning of the script. • Choose the stop option you would like and connect to the end of the script.