Sec 3N Hist (Elec) Chapter 1.3: Examples of weakness of LON
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The main weaknesses of the League of Nations were its lack of authority, limited membership, and post-war attitudes among member states. The League had no army to enforce its rules and depended on the voluntary cooperation of its members. Key states like Germany, the USSR, and the US were not original members. After World War I, most countries were unwilling or unable to commit militarily due to their weakened state and desire to avoid further conflict. These factors prevented the League from effectively responding to aggression like Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and Italy's invasion of Abyssinia in 1935.
Sec 3N Hist (Elec) Chapter 1.3: Examples of weakness of LON
- 1. What was the main reason for the weakness of the League of Nations The failures of the League of Nations
- 2. The LON had its weaknesses… Just like everyone and every organisation…
- 3. 1. Lack of authority The league had no power to enforce their rules The League had NO ARMY to enforce their rules. LON FIGHTING STRONG Since 1920
- 4. 2. (Limited) Membership During the establishment of the LON, the league had 42 members. At its peak, it had 60 members. The league was however not a firm unit as the League suffered frequent membership changes.
- 5. 2. (Limited) Membership Germany, Russia (USSR), China were NOT ALLOWED membership Germany and USSR only got into the League later
- 6. 2. Limited Membership The USA was NEVER a member even though the LON was their idea!
- 7. 3. Post-war attitude Many European countries are still weak from the war They prefer to rebuild itself (recover) and not get involved in other conflicts
- 9. 3. Post-war attitude Most countries were UNWILLING or DID NOT HAVE the military power to apply sanctions Britain and France chose APPEASEMENT to resolve conflicts
- 10. 3. Post-war attitude League members DISTRUSTED each other and thus were UNWILLING TO DISARM
- 11. Reason for failures of the LON Lack of Authority Post-war attitude Membership
- 12. The successes of the LON Aaland Islands (1921) Albania (1923) Greek-Bulgarian Border Dispute (1925) Partial success Upper Silesia (1921) Memel (1923)
- 13. Failures The Ruhr (1923) Corfu (1923) Vilna (1923) Manchuria (1931)** Abyssinia (1935 – 1936)**
- 14. Manchuria (1931) Rich in resources and land 1931 Japan launched an invasion on Manchuria Established the state of Manchukuo under Japanese control
- 15. Manchuria (1931) China refused to recognise Manchukuo The LON did an investigation and found Japan to be the aggressor Japanese delegation walked out of the Assembly Japan government withdrew from the LON League was helpless as no one wanted to fight
- 17. Abyssinia (1935 – 1936) Modern day Ethiopia
- 18. Italy invaded Abyssinia in 1935 League imposed SOME sanctions on Italy Britain and France (the League’s strongest members) entered secret negotiations with Italy No one wanted a war and they were willing to negotiate Abyssinia was conquered Abyssinia (1935 – 1936)
- 19. Which countries are they?
- 20. We don’t want you to fight but if you do, we shall issue a joint statement suggesting a mild disapproval of you
- 21. Effects In both events, the LON took months to reach a consensus (agreement) The LON’s powerful members considered their self-interest ahead of the League’s
- 22. Effects In both events, the LON took months to reach a consensus (agreement) The LON’s powerful members considered their self-interest ahead of the League’s
- 23. Failures of the League of Nation
- 24. Major Failures of the LON Manchuria Abyssinia
- 25. So what was the most important reason? Lack of authority? Membership? Post-war attitude?