Self-Awareness and Values Development presentation
- 2. LESSONS: The Human Person The Essence of a Person Filipino Social Values Nationalism and Patriotism
- 3. LESSON 1: THE HUMAN PERSON
- 5. The Human Person ◦ Estañol (2007) defines the human person as having a physical, spiritual, emotional, and intellectual attributes. ◦ St. Thomas Aquinas describes the human person as having physical and spiritual substance because he/she has a soul and is created by a Superior Being with a divine purpose. ◦ Dictionary- “self-conscious animal”.
- 6. Characteristics of a Human Person 1. Rational being. Capacity to reason and distinguish right and wrong. 2. Born free. Responsible of his/her own action. 3. Unique. Possesses identity with different set of values and priorities in life. 4. Intrinsically social being. Having relationship with other creatures, objects, or his/her fellowman. 5. Sexual by nature. Uniqueness of expression of person’s sexuality makes him/her different.
- 7. Biblical Views Human person has superiority and dignity inherited from the Supreme Being. Book of Gen., chapter 1, verse 26 to 27- “God created man and woman in His own image and likeness and made them masters of the fish of the sea, the birds, the heaven, the earth, the wild beasts, and the reptiles that crawl upon the earth.” Human person is designated by God to exercise dominion over other creatures. Humans has special gift and talents of thinking, loving, longing for happiness, and making decisions. Patterned after the image of God.
- 8. Philosophical Views Protagoras- human person is the measure of all things that exist and of all things that do not exist. Plato- perfect human being does not exist in this world because what is in this world is just an imperfect copy of humanity’s original self in the realm of ideas. Parmenides- a person has knowledge of something that exists, for a person who does not exist is nothing.
- 9. Different philosophical views of the human person Conservatism - Not entirely positive and non-egalitarian. - Some human contribute more than others to society, and, therefore, must be rewarded and honored by society. - Some men are intended to rule, the rest to obey. - In line with Confucian ethical idea- superior man must rule and command and the commoner must bow before his authority.
- 10. Liberalism - More egalitarian view of human nature. - All humans are capable of reason and rational action and have the capacity to live satisfactory and productive lives if given the opportunity. - Reason is common to all human. - Mencius, “Every human being can become a sage King, that is, anyone can gain the wisdom to rule.” Socialism - Cooperative social activities. - Karl Marx- man is driven primarily by desire for economic gains. He considers human person as a social animal.
- 11. Fascism - The country matters the most. - Human can prosper only when the nation prospers. - Human beings are racially better than others.
- 14. LESSON 2: THE ESSENCE OF A PERSON
- 15. ESSENCE OVER EXISTENCE? EXISTENCE OVER ESSENCE?
- 16. The Essence of a Person ◦ The totality of the person is best explored in the field of humanistic psychology. This study theorized that a person’s behavior and relationship with others is shaped by his inner feelings and self-image. ◦ In this reason, we will discuss two prominent theories Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development.
- 18. Hierarchy of Needs ◦A person must satisfy first the other lower needs before he can actually realize his self worth and potential. ◦Self- actualization is the driving force of human personality. ◦A person cannot appreciate intellectual and aesthetic learning when the person is hungry and his safety is difficult to obtain.
- 19. Biological Needs Security and Protection Affection and Belonging Confidence and Recognition Person’s Peak Potential
- 20. Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development ◦ Impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. ◦ Psychosocial crisis- a turning point where each person faces a struggle to attain a specific psychological quality. ◦ Virtue- characteristic strengths which the ego (self) can use to resolve subsequent crises. ◦ Malignancy- too little of the positive and too much of the negative aspect of the task. ◦ Maladaptation- too much of the positive and too little of the negative.
- 21. 1. TRUST VS. MISTRUST MALIGNANCY VIRTUE MALADAPTATION Important Event: Feeding Withdrawal Hope Sensory Maladjustment Age: Birth to 18 mos.
- 22. 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt MALIGNANCY VIRTUE MALADAPTATION Compulsiveness Willpower/ Determination Impulsiveness Important Event: Toilet Training Age: 2 to 3 years
- 23. 3. Initiative vs. Guilt MALIGNANCY VIRTUE MALADAPTATION Inhibition Purpose Ruthlessness Important Event: Exploration Age: 3 to 5 years
- 24. 4. Industry vs. Inferiority MALIGNANCY VIRTUE MALADAPTATION Inertia Confidence/ Competency Narrow Virtuosity Important Event: School Age: 6 to 11 years
- 25. 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion MALIGNANCY VIRTUE MALADAPTATION Repudiation Fidelity Fanatism Important Event: Social Relationships Age: 12 to 18 years
- 26. 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation MALIGNANCY VIRTUE MALADAPTATION Exclusion Love Promiscuity Important Event: Relationships Age: 19 to 40 years
- 27. 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation MALIGNANCY VIRTUE MALADAPTATION Rejectivity Care Overextension Important Event: Work and Parenthood Age: 40 to 65 years
- 28. 8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair MALIGNANCY VIRTUE MALADAPTATION Disdain Wisdom Presumption Important Event: Reflection on Life Age: 65 to death
- 31. Philosophy of Values ◦ Values are subjective and objective. ◦ It involves a subject or person who values, and an object or value to be realized. ◦ Justice is objective because it is a value that should be realized by all.
- 32. Filipino Values in a Fourfold sense: 1. “Walang labis, walang kulang, or katamtaman lamang”. 2. The difference between the Filipino values and other people’s values lies in the way the values are ranked, combined, or emphasized. Filipino culture values spirituality and family centeredness. 3. Human values in the Filipino context take on distinctive set of Filipino meanings and motivations. 4. Values in the sense of historical consciousness had evolved among the Filipino people.
- 33. ROOTS OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER “A Moral Recovery Program: Building a People- Building a Nation” by Patricia Licuanan
- 34. 1. The Family and Home Environment Child-bearing practices, family relations, and family attitudes and orientation are the main components of the home environment. Child-bearing- high nurturance, low independence training, low discipline. Rigid standards of behavior or performance are not imposed, leading to a lack of discipline. Discipline is through forms of “no” and “don’ts” . Pakikipagkapwa-tao for large families.
- 35. 2. The Social Environment Social structures and social systems (interpersonal, religious, and community interaction)- main components of the social environment. Filipino has a feudal structure with great gaps between the rich minority and poor majority. These gaps not just economic but also cultural. This structure develops dependence and passivity. Filipinos are dependent on kinship and interpersonal relations. Sensitivity about hurting controls our behavior. The struggle for survival and our dependence on relationships make us in-group oriented.
- 36. 3. Culture and Language Warmth and person orientation, devotion to family, and sense of joy and humor are part of Filipino culture. Openness to the outside world. This is related to our colonial mentality. The introduction of English as the medium of education de-Filipinized the youth. It also contributes lack of confidence on the part of the Filipino. Expressing ourselves in English results in lack in our power of expression, imprecision, and a stunted development of one’s intellectual powers.
- 37. 4. History We are product of our colonial history- the culprit behind our lack of nationalism and colonial mentality. We developed a dependence on foreign powers that makes us believe we are not responsible for our country’s fate. The American influence is greater in the Philippines because the Americans set up public school system. We identify government as foreign and apart from us. Thus, we are distrustful and uncooperative with the government.
- 38. 5. The Educational System Lack of suitable local textbooks and dependence on foreign textbooks force Filipinos students to use school materials that are irrelevant to the Philippine setting. Hidden curriculum- values taught informally by the Philippine school system. Authoritarian set-up. Teachers reward well-behaved and obedient students. Some teachers tend to be uncomfortable with those who asks questions or express difference point of views. From this, Filipinos learn passivity and conformity.
- 39. 6. Religion It is the root of the Filipinos’ optimism and capacity to accept life’s hardships. It also instills attitudes of resignation and preoccupation with the afterlife and superstitions.
- 40. 7. The Economic Environment Many local traits are rooted in the poverty and hard life. Our difficulties drive us to take risks, impel us to work very hard, and develop in us the ability to survive. Poverty has also become an excuse for graft and corruption.
- 41. 8. The Political Environment Centralization of power. Political power- elite; Voting in elections- Mere Filipino Basic services are concentrated on the capital. We find it difficult to identify with a nation- family because of the absence of government. The inefficiency of government structures and systems also leads to a lack of integrity and accountability in our public servants.
- 42. 9. Mass Media Media reinforce our colonial mentality. The tendency of media to produce escapist movies, soap operas, comics, etc. feed the Filipinos’ passivity. We fantasize instead of confronting our poverty and oppression.
- 43. 10. Leadership and Role Models Filipinos look up to their leaders as role models. When leaders violate the law or show themselves to be self- serving and driven by personal interest, when there is lack of public accountability, there is a negative impact on the Filipinos.
- 45. Can someone recite the Panatang Makabayan???
- 47. 1. Love for God or Pagkamaka-Diyos Philippines is the only Christian nation in Asia. Faith is the deeply rooted submission to a divine Creator and putting oneself in the hands of the Divine Authority.
- 48. 2. Love for Fellowmen or Pagkamaka-Tao Love strengthens the foundation of the family and other social groupings. Love is the strongest force within the human community. It provides a deeper meaning to the purpose of human existence.
- 49. 3. Love for the Environment or Pagkamaka-Kalikasan Environment refers to everything that surrounds us form natural world to the man-made physical structure. Human interventions are important to derive the full benefits from natural resources. Participate in the sustainable management of our natural resources.
- 50. 4. Love for Country or Pagkamaka- Bayan Progressive countries attribute their success because the people have trust and confidence in their government and are actively supporting their policies and programs. The government, in turn, reciprocate their people’s support with honest, sound, and dynamic governance.
- 51. Nationalism and Patriotism Nationalism can be described in two things: 1. Attitude of the members of a nation. (Ex. National identity, origin, ethnicity, and cultural ties) 2. Action that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve or sustain full statehood. Patriotism is love of and devotion to one’s country. From Greek word “Patris” meaning, fatherland. It has a strong adherence to a native religion.
- 52. Development of Nationalism and Patriotism in the Philippines Philippine nationalism witnessed an upsurge of patriotic sentiments and nationalistic ideals as a result of Filipino Propaganda Movement. It became the main ideology of the first Asian nationalist uprising, the Philippine Revolution. The term “Filipino” originally referred to Spaniards born in the Philippines and not the native inhabitants. But certain events finally led to the development of native patriotism.